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Objective To analyze the MSCT manifestations of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery intramural hematoma (SISMAIH) to improve the recognition and diagnosis of this disease.Methods MSCT manifestations of 15 clinically confirmed cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the 15 cases showed circular or crescent wall thickening,without tearing intimal flap.Conclusion SISMAIH have some characteristic MSCT manifestations,and MSCT can be used as an important and effective method for the diagnosis of this disease.
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Objective To investigate the changing characteristics and rules of the different period of articular cartilage in rats after dorsal rhizotomy, and to verify the partial sensory disturbance can cause articular cartilage injury. Methods Thirty-three ten-month-old SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group ( n=18 ) and control group ( n=15) .The rats in the experimental group were sectioned the L3、L4 dorsal roots in the right.The rats in the control group were only incised the skin and paravertebral muscles.To observe the behavior changes in rats.At 2, 6 and 10 weeks, the specimens of the right hind lower end of femur were drawn out to make paraffin sections, then HE staining and Safranin O/Fast Green staining.The changes and characteristics of the morphology of the articular cartilage was observed.Results With the prolonging of period, the right hind limb of the experimental rats through the change process of transient paralysis, coordination of movement disorders and active movement.In the experimental group, the patellar surface of right hind femur gradually became shallow and wide.The articular cartilage underwent rough, cells disorganizated, cells decreased, and duplicated drifted and interrupted tide line. The ratios of ACC/TAC of the experimental group were gradually high(t=5.25~8.13,P <0.05).Conclusion Dorsal rhizotomy can cause injury and degenerative changes in articular cartilage.
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Objective To evaluate the response of the lung tumor xenografts in nude mice to antiangiogenic treatment from perspectives of anatomic,vessel function,cellular and molecular level using the multimodality imaging techniques including optical imaging,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI)and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI).Methods The green fluorescent protein(GFP)was transplanted labeled using GFP-expressing NCI-H460 cells.After the transfection of GFP,NCI-H460 cells were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice.Ten days after implantion,12 nude mice whose tumor xenografts grew to 0.5-1.0 cm in the maximum diameter were randomly divided into 2 groups,and injected with phosphate-buffered saline and recombinant human endostatin respectively.Then the nude mice in the two groups underwent optical imaging,DCE-MRI and DWI.The volumes,photon counts,the quantitative MR vessel functional parameters including volume transfer constant(Ktrans),rate constant(Kep),volume of extravascular extracellular space(Ve)and maximum area under the enhancement curve(iAUC),and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values of the tumors were recorded.Then tumors were collected and observed using the transmission electron microscopy and pathology examination,including HE staining,microvessel density(MVD)and the expressions of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF).The Kep and VEGF expressions in experimental group and control group were compared with x2 text,and other values were compared with t test.The Pearson and Spearman test were used for analyzing the correlation of values in the two groups.Results Seven days after inoculation,the fluorescence signals were detected and grew with the growth of the tumors.On the 7 day after starting therapy,the photon counts of experimental group and control group were(2.51 ± 2.43)× 1010(photon/sec)and(5.77 ± 3.25)× 1010(photon/sec),respectively with no significant differences(t =1.964,P ＞0.05).Two sample t test showed that the tumor volumes in experimental group were smaller than those in control group[(365 ± 56)vs(987 ± 265)mm3,t =0.001,P ＜ 0.01].There was a positive correlation(r =0.673,P ＜ 0.05)between the photon counts and the volumes of the tumors.The mean Ktrans,Kep,Ve and iAUC of experimental group were:(0.055 ±0.012)min-1,0.335(0.184—0.894)min-1,0.297 ± 0.041 and 7.334 ± 3.930,and those for control group were:(0.117 ± 0.027)rin-1,0.417(0.324-1.736)min-1,0.326:±:0.062 and 13.280 ± 4.245.There were significant differences of Krans and iAUC(t =5.155,2.518,P ＜ 0.05)between experimental group and control group.And there was a positive correlation(r =0.715,P ＜ 0.0 1)between the values of iAUC and MVD,but not the expressions of VEGF(r =0.484,P ＞ 0.05).The values of ADC in experimental group were higher than that in control group[(791 ± 38)× 10-6 vs(737 ± 43)×10-6 mm2/s],and there were significant differences(t =-2.299,P ＜ 0.05).Two sample t test showed that the MVD in experimental group were lower than that in control group[(11.9 ± 4.8)vs(19.2 ±4.3)item/hpf,t =2.774,P ＜ 0.05].The VEGF expressions in experimental group were lower than that in control group(x2 =4.000,P ＞ 0.05).It was observed that some cells in experimental group had degenerated and apoptotic signs by the electron microscopy.Conclusions Evaluating the response of lung tumor xenografts to antiangiogenic treatment at anatomical,vessel functional,cellular and molecular level using the multimedality imagings is applicable.And it will be in favour of evaluating the therapeutic effect promptly.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MRI for assessment of re-distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells injected intramyocardially in main organs (heart, liver, spleen and kidney) under different heart status (beating or arresting) in a porcine model. Methods Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the male swine and labeled with iron oxide during culture. Acute myocardial infarction was created in female swine, one week later, the survivors were randomly divided into 4 groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass was set up to arrest the heart, and then labeled cells (1×108) were intramyocardially injected into the border of the infracted myocardium in group 1 (n=6). The same volume of cells was grafted into the beating heart in group 2 (n=6). In group 3 and 4, saline was injected into either the arresting or beating myocardium. Three days later, re-distribution of stem cells and cardiac function were assessed by T2*WI and cine MRI, respectively. All animals were sacrificed for histology and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of sex-determining region on Y-chromosome (SRY) investigation.The ANOVA and t test was used for statistics. Results The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (56.8±5.3),(54.8±6.8),(57.4±4.3)and(56.8±2.8) ml, and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (65.2±5.2),(63.2±3.7),(60.2±4.7)and(62.2±4.4) ml. The left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (33.5±7.6),(32.3±5.3),(33.5±3.6)and(32.7±4.6) ml,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (37.3±5.6),(36.3±6.9),(34.3±5.4)and(36.3±8.1) ml. The left ventricular EF values (LVEF) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (42.3±7.2)%,(41.7±6.8)%,(41.8±8.6)% and(42.7±7.7)%,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (44.5±8.7)%,(43.1±7.4)%,(42.8±5.6)% and(43.3±8.4)%. The myocardial infarction area (MI) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (6.5±2.1),(6.4±1.9),(6.5±2.5)and(6.4±2.6) cm2,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (6.4±2.3),(6.2±2.6),(6.3±2.5)and(6.4±2.8) cm2 . There were no statistical differences before and after transplantation in these 4 groups[P values of before and after transplantation for LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF,MI were >0.05 (F= 0.277, 0.066,0.066, 0.003); and >0.05 (F= 1.137,0.182,0.021,0.008),respectively]. The T2 value of the infracted myocardium in group 1 decreased more obviously than that in group 2[(-22.3 ± 2.2) vs (-17.0 ± 0.8) ms, t=-5.489, P＜0.01], while the T2 value of the spleen decreased more significantly in group 2 than that in group 1[(-7.7 ± 0.7) vs (-13.3 ± 1.1) ms,t=9.055, P＜0.01]. The T2 values of the liver and kidney were no significant differences in group 1 and 2 (liver, t=-0.532,P>0.05 and kidney, t=-0.113,P>0.05). The results of RT-PCR in group 1 and 2 showed significant differences in heart[(150±62) vs (72±4) U/L ,P<0.05, t=3.109], spleen[(131±1) vs (233±17) U/L, P＜0.01, t=- 13.286]and liver[(17±1) vs (9±5) U/L ,P<0.01,t= 3.492]. Pathological examination demonstrated that the transplanted stem cells were positive for Prussian blue staining, which had a good correlation with MRI results. Conclusion MRI can serve as a convenient and efficient imaging method to track the migration of stem cells with SPIO labeled in early stage and evaluate its early re-distribution in vivo. Injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the arresting heart could favor retaining more cells in the myocardium.
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Objective To investigate the limitation of quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) of normal white matter by using a single subtraction with thin-slice TI1 periodic saturation (Q2TIPS Ⅱ ) pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL)technique. Methods Thirty-one patients with brain tumors were examined at 3.0 T MRI system . A second version of quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction with additional thin-section periodic saturation after inversion and a time delay (Q2TIPS) technique of pulsed arterial spin labeling in the multisection mode and T2* dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (T2* DSC)MR imaging were both implemented. Cerebral blood flow map obtained from PASL and DSC were reviewed. The regions of interest( ROI )were placed in the region of normal white matter contralateral to the lesion in the proximal and distal slices. In regions of interest, the signal intensity (SI)was measured from the maps of cerebral blood flow map obtained from PASL and DSC. Pair-t test was performed to determine if there were significant signal differences between proximal and distal slices. Pearson linear correlation analysis of signal intensity was performed for values from the same slices of PASL-CBF and DSC-CBF maps. Results In the deep white matter of distal slice, PASL-CBF map showed perfusion deficit while DSC-CBF map showed low CBF in the corresponding brain area. With the increased inversion time,the PASL-CBF map showed obviously improved perfusion signal in deep white matter (but still some perfusion deficit)and slightly decreased perfusion signal in grey matter. The mean signal of normal white matter measured from distal slices of PASL-CBF maps was( -22.1 ±55.5) ml· 100 g-1 · min-1 while it was (89.5 ±45.5) ml. 100 g-1 · min-1 in proximal slices. There was a significant difference of signal intensity from PASL-CBF maps between distal and proximal slices ( t = - 9. 512, P ＜ 0. 01 ＝, while no difference of signal intensity between distal[ (62. 8 ± 29.9) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1] and proximal slices [(57. 1 ±29.6) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ]was obtained from DSC-CBF maps(t= -1.607,P＞0.05). There was no significant correlation between PASL-CBF and DSC-CBF in both distal ( r = 0. 093, P ＞ 0. 05 ) and proximal slices ( r = - 0. 234, P ＞ 0. 05). ConclusionsPASL has limitation in the accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow of normal white matter. The quantification of CBF was affected by the limitations of the technique itself and the different parameters chosen..
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Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography ( CE CMRA ) at 3.0 T in the delineation of cardiac venous anatomy. Methods Contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA at 3.0T was performed in 43 consecutive subjects using ECG-triggered, navigator-gated, inversion-recovery prepared, segmented gradient-echo sequence with a 32-channel cardiac coil. The visibility of the coronary veins was graded visually using a 4-point scale.Continuous variable was expressed as (-x)±s. The paired student t test was used to evaluate the differences of the coronary sinus (CS) ostium diameter in anteroposterior and superoinferior directions. Results CMRA examination was successfully completed in 40 subjects with acquisition time of ( 6. 9 ± 1.8 ) min. The cardiac veins were finally evaluated in 38 of 40 (95.0%) subjects. The mean distance of the posterior vein of the left ventricle (PVLV) and the left marginal vein (LMV) to the CS ostium were (3.34 ± 0. 90) and (6. 12 ± 1.02) cm, respectively. The mean visibility scores of CS, posterior interventricular vein (PIV),PVLV, LMV, and anterior interventricular vein (AIV) were 4.0 ± 0.0, 3.4 ± 0. 5, 3.4 ± 0. 5, 3.0 ± 0. 8,and 3. 3 ± 0. 5, respectively. The diameter of the CS ostium in the superoinferior direction ( 1.13 ±0. 26) cm was larger than that in the anteroposterior direction (0. 82 ± 0. 19) cm (t = -4. 31 ,P <0. 05).Conclusion Contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA at 3.0 T can clearly depict the cardiac venous anatomy.