ABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: In 2013, combination therapy using peginterferon, ribavirin, and boceprevir or telaprevir was introduced to treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Brazil. The effectiveness of this therapy in four Brazilian regions was evaluated. METHODS: Clinical and virological data were obtained from patients of public health institutions in five cities, including sustained virological response (SVR) and side effects. Patients with advanced fibrosis (F3/4), moderate fibrosis (F2) for > 3 years, or extra-hepatic manifestations were treated according to Ministry of Health protocol. Treatment effectiveness was verified by using bivariate and multivariate analysis; p-values of < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Of 275 patients (64.7% men; average age, 57 years old), most (61.8%) were treatment-experienced; 53.9% had subgenotype 1a infection, 85.1% had advanced fibrosis, and 85.5% were treated with telaprevir. SVR was observed in 54.2%. Rapid virological response (RVR) was observed in 54.6% of patients (data available for 251 patients). Overall, 87.5% reported side effects and 42.5% did not complete treatment. Skin rash, severe infection, and death occurred in 17.8%, 2.5%, and death in 1.4% of cases, respectively. SVR was associated with treatment completion, RVR, and anemia. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of hepatitis C virus triple therapy was lower than that reported in phase III clinical trials, possibly owing to the prioritized treatment of patients with advanced liver fibrosis. The high frequency of side effects and treatment interruptions observed supported the decision of the Brazilian authorities to suspend its use when safer and more effective drugs became available in 2015.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Oligopeptides/administration & dosage , Ribavirin/administration & dosage , Proline/administration & dosage , Proline/analogs & derivatives , Clinical Protocols , Interferons/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Sustained Virologic Response , Genotype , Middle AgedABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease. Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C infection is the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. However, patients who are given transplants because of viral liver diseases often present clinical coinfections, including hepatitis B together with hepatitis D. Currently, different strategies exist for patient management before and after liver transplantation, and these are based on different protocols developed by the specialized transplantation centers. CASE REPORT: We present a rare case of a 58-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B, C and D coinfection. The patient developed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. His treatment comprised antiviral therapy for the three viruses and OLT. The patient's outcome was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: OLT, in association with antiviral therapy using entecavir, which was administered before and after transplantation, was effective for sustained clearance of the hepatitis B and D viruses. A recurrence of hepatitis C infection after transplantation responded successfully to standard treatment comprising peginterferon alfa-2A and ribavirin.
CONTEXTO: O transplante ortotópico de fígado (TOF) é o tratamento de escolha em pacientes com doença hepática terminal. A cirrose por hepatite C é a principal indicação de transplante hepático no mundo. No entanto, pacientes transplantados por hepatopatias virais frequentemente apresentam coinfecções, como hepatite B associada a hepatite D. Atualmente, existem diferentes estratégias de manejo em pacientes pré e pós-transplantados conforme diferentes protocolos de conduta de serviços especializados em transplante. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos o raro caso de um homem de 58 anos diagnosticado com as hepatites crônicas B, C e D. O paciente evoluiu com cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. O tratamento consistiu de terapia antiviral para os três vírus e de transplante ortotópico de fígado. O desfecho do paciente foi satisfatório. CONCLUSÃO: O transplante ortotópico de fígado, associado à terapia antiviral com entecavir antes e após o procedimento, foi eficaz na depuração sustentada dos vírus B e D. A recidiva do vírus C após o transplante respondeu com sucesso ao tratamento padrão com alfapeginterferon 2A e ribavirina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/surgery , Liver Cirrhosis/surgery , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Liver Transplantation/methods , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Coinfection/drug therapy , Coinfection/surgery , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/surgery , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/surgery , Hepatitis D/drug therapy , Hepatitis D/surgery , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/virology , Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Introdução: Vários fatores têm sido apontados como associados à progressão da hepatite B crônica para cirrose, entre eles o genótipo, mutações do VHB, status do HBeAg, infecção concorrentes com o VHD, HIV, VHC, assim como o uso de álcool, alterações metabólicas e idade em que ocorreu a infecção. No entanto, essa questão ainda não foi estudada na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira, área hiperendêmica de hebatite B. Objetivo: descrever os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e investigar fatores associados à progressão da cirrose numa coorte de pacientes com hepatite crônica pelo vírus B residente no estado do Acre, atendidos em serviço especializado entre 2000 e 2009. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectiva, abrangendo 672 pacientes com hepatite crônica pelo vírus B matriculados no Serviço de Assistência Especializada, Rio Branco, Acre, na Amazônia Ocidental, selecionados no período de 2000 a 2009 e acompanhados até 2010. Os dados foram obtidos mediante consulta a prontuários, complementados por entrevista, exames físicos e laboratoriais. Os casos de cirrose hepática foram confirmados pela presença de fibrose, formação de nódulos parenquimatosos regenerados ou em regeneração ao exame anatomopatológico (F3 e F4) e/ou pela presença de sinais de descompensação hepática ou de hipertensão portal demonstrada através da ultrasonografia abdominal e endoscopia. Foram excluídos do estudo os pacientes que apresentaram hepatocarcinoma, coinfecção com o HIV no momento da primeira avaliação. As variáveis de interesse foram: sócio-demográficas; características relativas à transmissão, aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. Inicialmente, descreveram-se as características dos pacientes mediante comparações de proporções e médias aplicando-se para variáveis categóricas o teste do qui quadrado e exato de Fisher; e para as variáveis contínuas o teste de Kruskall-Walis.