Histopathological alterations induced by diazinon in rainbow trout [oncorhynchus mykiss]

Diazinon is a moderately persistent organ phosphorus pesticide largely used in agriculture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histopathological damages induced by diazinon in gills, kidney, spleen, and intestine tissues of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon [0.1 and 0.2 mg/L] for a period of 28 days. Tissues analyzed by a microscope were normal in the control group. The histological alterations in gills were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, necrosis of epithelial filament and lamellar fusion, edema and curling of secondary lamellae. Glomerular lesions, shrinking of the glomerulus and enlargement of space inside Bowman's capsule, dwindling of the tubular lumen, degeneration and necrosis of renal tubules were observed in the kidney tissue of the exposed fish. The spleen tissue showed disorder in ellipsoids cellular and deposition hemosiderin in melanomacrophage centers. Exfoliate of mucosal epithelium, lymphocyte infiltration to lamina propria, reduction of the elastic properties and capillary bleeding were seen in intestine tissue of fish exposed to diazinon. In conclusion, these results indicate the existence of a direct relationship between the pollution of ecosystems by organ phosphorus pesticides such as diazinon and histopathological disorders in different tissues of exposed fishes

Effect of sub-lethal diazinon concentrations on blood plasma biochemistry

Diazinon is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was conducted to determine the chronic toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide and its effects on some hematological parameters and biochemical blood plasma profiles of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Diazinon was applied at concentrations of 60 and 120 micro g/L preparations in 10, 20 and 30 days since the experiments were initiated. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values [p < 0.05] of erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, leucocytes, Lymphocyte and monocyte, as well as in alkaline phosphatases and significantly higher [p<0.05] values of plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophile and eosinophile compared to the control group. There was not significant difference in value of total protein [p< 0.05] in the experimental groups and control group. Values of MCV, MCH and MCHC of experimental species were compared to the control groups. The results of examinations of the biochemical blood plasma profile indicate a marked neurotoxic effect of diazinon in fishes. Changes in values of both erythrocyte and leukocyte profile after exposure to diazinon-based preparation may be referred to disruption of haematopoiesis as well as to a decrease on non-specific immunity of the fish

[Small round cell tumours with unknown origin in pathology specimens of iman reza hospital from 1362-1382]

The term" small round cell tumour"describes a group of highly aggressive tumours composed of relatively small and monotonous undifferentiated cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. This group includes: Ewing sarcoma [EWS], Peripheral neuroepithelioma [PN], Primitive neuroectodermal tumour [PNET], Neuroblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS], Desmoplastic small round cell tumour [DSRCT], Lymphoma, Leukemia, Small cell osteosarcoma Small cell carcinoma, Olfactory neuroblastoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, Small cell melanoma, and Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Their clinical presentation often overlap, thus making a definitive diagnosis problematic in some cases. Yet, a clear undrestanding of their clinicopathologic features usually allows for a confident diagnosis, especially if immunohistochemistry is used. This is an immunohistochemistry study of small round cell tumours with unknown origin that were diagnosed in pathology service of Imam Reza Hospital from 1362-1382. In this period, we found 24 cases which were reported SRCT without definitive diagnosis the immunohistochemistry kits are from DAKO Company and applied as directed by manufacturers. The SRCT is most frequent in the first decade of life [45%], 13 cases were male and 11 cases were female. IHC influence on diagnosis in 11 cases [46%] confirm the first ordered diagnosis and diagnosis made in another 9 [33%] of SRCTs,and in 2cases[8%]the first diagnosis was changed. Overally in review, 35 cases from 48 SRCTs with unknown origin [%75] were diagnosed by routine stainings by light microscopy without immunohistochemistry

result of distal radius fracture treated with pin and plaster

Introduction: Distal Radius Fracture Specially Colle's fracture is one of the most common fractures among the old patients it has many complications and causes a lot of problem for patients

Objective: One type of fracture is unstable fracture, which its treatment is more difficult, and there are different kinds of treatment for it. So we to decided study 543 patient with unstable distal radius fracture that had been treated with pin and plaster during 1997 - 2001

Material and Methods: We studied 543 patients with unstable fracture of the distal radius. In this method after reduction we insert two pins one distally into the base of second and third metacarpus and other proximally inside of the ulna or some time radius bone and after reduction We incorporate both sides of the pins into plaster for 6 to 8 weeks and finally we remove the cast and pins and follow up the patients in this study

Results: 189 cases were men and others were women .the ages of the patients were between 20 and 90 years. The complications were pin site infection 46 patients [8.4%], restriction of wrist movement in pronation and supination 43 patients [7.9%], flextion and extention 41 patient [7.5%], malunion in dorsal angulation of distal fragment 48 patients [8.8%], shortening of distal radius 44 patients [8.1%], nerve entraptment [carpal tunnel syndrome] 17 patients [3.1%], lateral displetment of distal radius 27 patients [4.9%]

Conclusion: The advantages of these methods are simplicity of application and cheapness for the patients and safety for the surgeon and patient with good result in compare of other methods the same as external fixation, open reduction internal fixation or percutaneous pin fixation under fluoroscopy