ABSTRACT
Background: previous studies have shown that high intake and level of omega-3 have a positive impact on insulin sensitivity in the tissues
Objectives: this study investigated the effect of omega-3 fat supplementation on glucose metabolism and insulin in Mahabadi kid
Methods: twenty-eight Mahabad goat kids [3 to 4 months, with an average initial weight of 17 +/- 5 kg] were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 2 types of feeding frequency [twice or 4 times in a day] combined with 2 types of fat [saturated fat and fish oil in 2% of DM] to investigate the effect of omega-3 fat supplementation and feeding time frequency on glucose and insulin metabolism. Goats were fed individually for 90 days. On day 70 an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed after 20 hours of food deprivation. Blood samples were collected at -15, -10, -5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 min after glucose injection. Data were analyzed using the SAS GLM procedure
Results: the IVGTT indicated that Omega-3 supplementation had a significant effect [p<0.05] on glucose clearance rate [CR]. On the other hand, with increasing feeding frequency, kids had higher glucose clearance rate [K] and lower glucose half-life
Conclusions: the results suggested that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fat and increased feeding frequency of diet improved glucose and insulin metabolism
ABSTRACT
Background: No study has been conducted on iron requirements of broiler breeder hens until now
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the iron requirement of broiler breeder hens using nonlinear models
Methods: Forty eight [Cobb 500] broiler breeder hens were individually placed in galvanized wire cages. In order to depletion of hens iron reserved, hens were offered a semi purified iron deficient diet for 3 weeks. At 62 week of age, Hens were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments [37, 52, 67, 82 ppm of diet iron] with 4 replicates. Body weight gain, egg production and egg weight were measured during 6 weeks experimental period
Results: The results showed that the estimated iron requirement for egg production[H.H], egg weight, iron content of the liver, blood serum, bone marrow, spleen and egg yolk were 65, 62, 54, 72, 57, 63, 64 ppm respectively. The logistic model was fitted to iron content of liver, spleen, serum and bone marrow, suggested that iron requirement were equal to 66, 53, 129, 58 ppm respectively. Fitted exponential model estimated iron requirement for egg weight, iron content of liver, spleen, serum and bone marrow were 62, 96, 70, 73, 111 ppm respectively. Also based on the quadratic equation models, estimated iron requirement for egg production[H.H], egg weight, iron content of the liver, blood serum, bone marrow, spleen and egg yolk were 65, 66, 71, 220, 51, 70, 62 ppm respectively. Among the four models used, the broken line model is more accurate in estimating the required iron than other models due to the low variance between estimated requirements
Conclusions: Results indicated that value recommended by primary breeder [Cobb 500 management guide, 55 ppm] is lower than values obtained in present study
ABSTRACT
Previous research has shown that Cr is needed for growth and protein synthesis. This study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing chromium-methionine [Cr-Met] on performance, hematologic characteristics and meat quality parameters in kids. Thirty-two male kids [average initial BW of 22 +/- 2 kg, 4mo] were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments: 1. control [without Cr], 2. 500, 3. 1000 and 4. 1500 ug Cr/kg of Cr-Met diet. The animals were kept in separate pens for 100 days. Kids were weighed at 21 day intervals and blood samples drawn on 75 day of the experiment were analyzed for hematologic characteristics. Kids were slaughtered at the end of the trial, and meat quality parameters [Warner-Bratzlershear force, color, chemical composition, water retention and pH] of longissimus dorsi muscle [LDM] were studied. The average of dry matter intake and daily gain weight were not affected by chromium supplementation [p>0.05] but, feed conversion ratio [FCR] improved in 1500 ug Cr/kg group. Chromium supplementation increased total white blood cell count [p<0.05] although, the other hematologic parameters were not affected by Cr-Met [p>0.05]. Addition of different levels of [Cr-Met] failed to significantly effect on lightness [L[asterisk]], pH, moisture [%], intramuscular fat [%], cooking loss and drip loss percentage [p>0.05]. Chromium supplementation increased redness [a[asterisk]], yellowness [b[asterisk]], chroma, hue angle and crude protein content[%] of LDM [p<0.05]. Supplemental Cr decreases Warner-Bratzlershear force of LDM [p<0.1]. These results indicate that Cr-Met diet improved performance, meat quality and increased white blood cells in Mahabadi goat kids