[Detection of human papilloma virus among women with cervical cancer using PCR method]

Cervical cancer is the second leading cancer among women, worldwide. It is also the second malignant cause of death, particularly in women aged 25-65. In order to progress a cancer from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma, a cascade of cellular changes should occur. Since genital HPV carries oncogenes responsible for these essential changes, today HPV is considered as the major risk factor of cervical cancer. It is believed that HPV can increase the rate of cancer progression when associating with other risk factors such as smoking, taking contraceptive drugs, immunosuppression, etc. Paraffin-embedded cervical tissues of 70 patients with cervical cancer were analyzed by PCR method for presence of HPV. In addition, high risk typing of HPV positive samples was performed using HPV high risk typing PCR kit. Among all patients 49% were positive for HPV. HPV16 was the most common type detected in HPV-positive cases. Investigation of age classification showed that a majority of HPV positive cases aged between 35 and 44 years. Considering the prevalence of HPV among young women with cervical cancer and its long premalignant period, we suggest to examine all the women above 20 years of age and also check the suspected cases for HPV

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum by multiplex PCR in semen sample of infertile men

The aim of this study was to detect Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from semen samples of infertile men by Multiplex PCR and investigation of influence of bacteriospermia on semen parameters. Semen samples of 200 infertile men were evaluated by Multiplex PCR. In addition, analysis of semen parameters was performed according to the WHO guidelines. All the patients were without clinical symptoms of urogenital tract infection. Thirty three percent of cases showed at least one bacterium. We found a noticeable relation between the presence of bacteriospermia and the rate of non motile and morphologically abnormal sperms [P< 0.0001]. In addition, sperm concentration was lower in positive cases [P< 0.04]. There was no relation between leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia [P> 0.05]. Asymptomatic existence of Chlamydia and Mycoplasmas in urogenital tracts might play an important role in sperm impairment due to infertility. Bacteriospermia can influence sperm's motility, morphology and concentration

Detection of Mycoplasma DNA from the sperm specimens of infertile men by PCR

Infections in accessory sex glands are considered as potential hazards to male fertility. These infections can affect different sites of the male reproductive tract such as the testis, epididymis and male accessory sex glands. Transmission of these infections to female partners causes genital infection, infertility and abortion. The aim of this study was to detect Mycoplasma, as one of the causatives, from the semen of infertile males using PCR assay. The survey considered 100 infertile men who referred to clinics and had not used antibiotics for 7 days prior to sampling. The infertility of cases was confirmed by a physician specialist. The sperm specimens were collected in sterile condition and sent to the laboratory rapidly. Specimens were examined for presence of Ureaplasma urealiticum and Mycoplasma hominis by PCR. Meanwhile, the history of vaginal infections and abortion in the female sexual partners was investigated. The results of multiplex PCR were compared with spermogram. All patients had no symptoms of genital infection. Of 100 infertile men, 33 [33%] were positive for CMU organisms [Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Unreaplasma]. Uureaplasma urealiticum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected in 17 and 3 of patients respectively. Due to some problems in culturing of CMU organisms, PCR can be used as a diagnostic technique to detect such pathogens from seminal fluid of infertile men that leads to choose appropriate therapy in a shortest time

Genital trct infection in asymptomatic infertile men and its effect on semen quality

Male urogenital tract infection plays an important role in men infertility. Asymptomatic bacteriospermia has been paid attention as a major cause of male infertility. The aim of this study was to microbiological investigation of semen sample of infertile men attending to infertility clinic and evaluation of the effects of bacteriospermia on semen quality. Eighty eight infertile men were evaluated by standard bacterial culture method. Standard semen analysis was performed according to WHO guidelines. Among total cases, 35.22% [31 cases] showed at least one pathogen: 10.22% E.coli, 9.09% Coagulase Negative Staphylococci [Saprophyticcus], 6.81% Group B Streptococci, 5.88% Entrococci, 5.68% Candida sp., 2.27% Gonococci, 2.27% Staphylococcus aureus, 1.13% Klebsiella sp. and 1.13% Providencia sp. There was a significant relation between the bacteriospermia and the rate of no motile and morphologically abnormal sperms [P<0.0001]. The quality of sperm motility was significantly decreased in contaminated semen. The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was lower. E.coli and Entrococci were the most effective agents against sperm parameters. Asymptomatic bacteriospermia has a negative effect on sperm quality. E.coli and Entrococci are the most common bacteria with negative influence on sperm motility and morphology. Moreover, presence of bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia did not correlate with each other [P>0.05]. It seems that leukocytospermia is a poor marker to predict bacteriospermia