A Comparative Study on Causative Micro-Organisms for Post-Operative Wound Infection between First and Subsequent Cases in Routine Surgical Procedure

Introduction: Infection is the invasion of the body by thepathogenic micro-organisms with consequent local andsystemic effect. For this, a sufficient number of pathogens mustenter the tissues, overcome the patients' resistance andmultiply. The commonest organisms are staphylococcusaureus and gram-negative intestinal bacilli. Streptococcuspyogenes are not infrequent.Objective: The main purpose of this research is to make acomparative study on causative micro-organisms for postoperative wound infection between first and subsequent casesin routine surgical procedure.Method: Incidence of wound infection between first andsubsequent cases in routine surgical procedure was thesubject matter of this study. In this study 228 cases have beenstudied. Of these cases, 76 were the 1st case, 76 were 2ndcase, and 76 were the 3rd case in 76 routine operation days.The study duration was from September 2015 to August 2016.Result: After numerous information and examinationinvestigation; this study revealed that maximum woundinfection was due to Escherichia Coli.Conclusion: The study concludes that Escherichia coli werethe commonest organism isolated from infected wounds whichis the inhabitant of gastrointestinal and biliary tracts.

A Comparative Study between Double Tension Band Wiring and Reconstruction Plate and Screws for the Treatment of Displaced Bicondylar Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Humerus

Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluatetheoutcome of double tension band wiring and reconstructionplate and screws for the treatment of displaced bicondylar intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus.Methodology: This perspective and randomized study wasconducted at the National Institute of Traumatology andOrthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka from July 2003 to2005. Where out of 24 patients 12 were selected for operativetreatment by reconstruction plate and screws (Group –I), and12 were selected for operative treatment by double tensionband wiring (Group-II) as on random basis.Results: During the study, in group-1 and group-2 most of thepatients belongs to 18-30 age group., 75% patients’ injury inleft limb whereas, 35% had injury in left limb in group-2.33.33% patients with reconstruction Plate and Screw, hadexcellent recovery after treatment where as 25% had excellentrecovery when they had double Tension Band Wiring.Conclusion: From our study we can conclude that, operativetreatment of displaced bicondylar intra-articular fractures of thedistal humerus by reconstruction plate and screws gives amore rigid fixation with better functional outcome than bydouble tension band wiring.

Effects of Preoperative Honey Drink on Gastric Content, Perioperative Discomfort and Insulin Resistance in Patients Undergoing Open Colorectal Surgery a Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background and Aims: Preoperative fasting and surgery cause uncomfortable condition, metabolic stress and insulin resistance for the patient. A recent study in colorectal patients indicates that even small elevations of insulin resistance increase the risk of complications. Preoperative carbohydrate can reduce perioperative discomfort and insulin resistance. We investigated the effects of honey as preoperative carbohydrate-rich drink on the residual gastric contents, perioperative discomfort, and insulin resistance. Methods: Randomized, prospective, controlled study. Thirty colorectal cancer patients who underwent elective open colorectal surgery were randomized and divided into the treatment or control group. Patients in treatment group (n = 15) received 250 ml water containing 50 ml honey on the evening and 2-3 hours preoperatively. Control patients (n = 15) underwent overnight fasting. Three different discomfort variables (thirst, hunger and tiredness), residual gastric content, plasma glucose, insulin concentrations and insulin resistance index were recorded during the perioperative period. Results: Patient and operative characteristics did not differ between groups. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with respect to gastric residue content. Subjective well-being was significantly better in the treatment group. Plasma glucose, serum insulin levels and insulin resistance index were found to remain significantly lower in the treatment group. Conclusion: The preoperative honey drink does not appear to alter the volume of residual gastric contents, suggesting that this is safe procedure. Preoperative honey intake is advantageous due to reducing perioperative discomfort and insulin resistance.

Breast Milk Iodine and Iodine Status of Breast-Fed Infants.

Background: Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine status of breast-fed infants depends on iodine in breast milk and also number of feeding in 24 hours. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infant’s health. Objective: To measure the iodine in breast milk and to evaluate iodine status of their breast-fed infants. Materials and method: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (statistical programme for social science) 12 version software package for Windows. Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 μg/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 μg/L (100.50-526.00) respectively. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 μg/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 μg/L). Only 2 (4%) lactating mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99 μg/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (p<0.01). Infant’s urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p<0.01) and with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p<0.01). Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. If iodine content of breast-milk is within normal range, 10-12 numbers of feeding in 24 hours for infants is enough to get sufficient iodine from their mother’s milk.

Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in depressed women of reproductive and menopausal age

It is well documented that depression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease [CVD]. Women of age 55 and younger with depression are more likely to have CVD. The present study aims to investigate CVD risk in depressed women of reproductive age [RA] and menopausal age [MA]. Adult women of RA and MA were divided in to two groups; healthy and depressed. Women were screened for depression [ICD-10 criteria] at outpatients department of local psychiatric hospital. Fasting serum cortisol, estradiol and lipid profile levels were determined. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Newman's Keuls q-test. Total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoproteins [LDL] and triglycerides [TGs] were raised in MA women however high density lipoprotein [HDL] and estradiol were lower as compared to RA women. Depressed RA women showed increased TC, LDL and HDL but decreased estradiol as compared to healthy women of similar age group. MA depressed women showed increased TC and LDL but decreased HDL and estradiol as compared to healthy controls. We found that MA depressed women had low HDL and estradiol as compared to RA depressed women. Circulating cortisol levels were increased in both depressed RA and MA women compared to respective healthy controls. Low HDL/LDL ratio was found in both healthy and depressed MA women when compared with respective RA women. A significant negative correlation of estradiol and cortisol was found in depressed RA women. It is concluded that low HDL/LDL ratio and hypercortisolemia in both healthy and depressed MA women make them more vulnerable to CVD

Prevalence and pattern of self-medication in Karachi: a community survey

To study the prevalence and pattern of self-medication among adult males and females in Karachi, Pakistan. This cross-sectional community- based survey was carried out at five randomly selected towns of Karachi [Defence, Gulshan-e-lqbal, North Nazimabad, Mlir, Orangi town] over a period of 3 months [October, November and December 2012]. A sample size of 500 adult cases [250 males and 250 females], with systemic random selection from different towns of Karachi were inducted in this study. The city was divided in 5 zones and one town from each zone was selected by systemic randomization. First available male and female from each randomly selected house were included in the study. After consent and confidentiality assurance they were interviewed on semi-structured Performa designed for this purpose. Results were analyzed and tabulated through SPSS v14.0. The prevalence of self-medication in males and females in Karachi is found to be 84.8% [males 88.4% and females 81.2%]. The most frequent symptoms for which self-medication used were headache [32.7%], fever [23.3%] and the medicines used were painkillers [28.8%], fever reducer medicines [19.8%]. The most common reason 33.3% was previous experience with similar symptom. Self-medication is highly prevalent [84.8%] in Karachi. It was frequently used for headache followed by fever. Predominantly painkillers, fever reducer and cough syrups were used in the form of tablets and syrups. Main source of medicines for males were friends and for females were relatives

Incidence of right ventricular infarction in patients with acute inferior wall infarction

Objectives: to find out the frequency of right ventricular infarction [RVI] in patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction and also to see its clinical correlation and prognostic value

Methods: 198 consecutive patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction [MI] were enrolled. Elevated ST segments in V4R or V3R to V6R were used to diagnose RVI. We assessed the incidence of ST-segment elevation in these leads and their correlation on clinical ground

Result: in 96 patients [48.5%], RVI was present. Clinical correlation showed that raised JVP was present in 58.5% and raised JVP with hypotension in 34.5% of patients. Normal JVP was present in 41.5% of patients in which 22% of patients were with hypotension and 20% of patients were without clinical findings. Hypotension observed in 53% of patients. Complications were higher in patients with elevated ST segments in V4R [51%] in contrast to those without RVI [21%]. In-hospital mortality was more than double in RVI Group

Conclusion: RVI in acute inferior MI is common. Elevated ST segments in V4R or V3R to V6R can be used to diagnose RVI. Clinical correlation can help but may not be diagnostic and it has higher mortality compared to inferior MI alone

Anthelmintic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Caltha palustris var. alba Kashmir, India / 中国天然药物

The methanolic extract obtained from the root portion of Caltha palustris var. alba was evaluated for its anthelmintic efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep under both in vitro and in vivo conditions using worm motility inhibition (WMI) assay and fecal egg count reduction (FECR) assay, respectively. The extract was subjected to antimicrobial activity using agar-well diffusion method against different bacterial strains. In addition the extract was evaluated for cytotoxic and antioxidant activity against cultured THP-1(Leukemia), A-549 (Lung), HCT-15 (Colon), Cervix (HeLa) and PC-3(Prostrate) cell lines by SRB and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The extract used resulted in mean %WMI of 94.44%, as observed when the worms were put in lukewarm buffer for 30 min after exposure to different treatments. The mean mortality index of the sample was 0.95. The lethal concentration (LC50) was 0.11 mg·mL(-1). Cell lines were exposed to concentration of 100 μg·mL(-1) of extract for 48 h, which reduced the viability of these cell lines. The same plant extract also showed 55.58% DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Frequency and predictors of cognitive decline in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

To determine the frequency of cognitive impairment and its predictors in patients, who underwent first time coronary artery bypass graft surgery [CABGS]. An observational study. The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases [NICVD], Karachi, from December 2008 to December 2009. Study included patients > 18 years, who underwent first-time elective CABGS. Emergency CABGS, with additional cardiac procedures, myocardial infarction [MI] within one month and known psychiatric illness were excluded. Patients were evaluated for their socio-demographic profile, medical history, intra-operative, anesthetic and surgical techniques and postoperative complications/therapy in ICU. Cognitive functioning, before the surgery, at discharge, 6 weeks and 6 months post-CABG was evaluated by McNair's and MMSE scales. HDRS was added to see if depression was a confounding factor for cognitive decline. One hundred and thirty four patients were followed-up at discharge, 74 at 6 weeks and 73 at 6 months. There were 113 [84.3%] males and 21 [15.7%] females, with mean age of 53.7 +/- 8.36 years. Prevalence of cognitive disturbance at baseline was 44.8%, which increased to 54.5% at discharge, and improvement was seen at 6 months, it was 39.7%. Older age, female gender, higher bleeding episodes, and high post-surgery creatinine level were more frequently associated with cognitive decline. Postoperative cognitive deficit was common and remained persistent at short-term. Older age, females and high postoperative creatinine were identified as its important predictors. There was high frequency of acute depression before surgery with significant reduction over time

Head injury and its consequences - a one year study in Karachi

Head injuries are a major cause of mortality or disability among the youth of the nation. This study was conducted to determine the causes of head injuries in Karachi and its implications on individuals. Prospective observational Study. This study was performed at the Emergency department of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi from January 2013 to December 2013. The study included 1,59,600 cases of head injury [expired or alive] brought to the emergency department of JPMC. Major Head injuries accounted for 42% of the total injury cases. Majority of the head injury cases belonged to the male segment of the society [73%] with ages ranging from 20 years - 39 years [54%]. The leading cause of head injury was found to be Road traffic accidents [RTA] [43%]. While analysing the outcomes of head injuries, it was found that the death rate for head injuries was 40%. This encompasses the patients that expired during or after treatment as well as the dead brought to the hospital. The mortality rate due to head injuries is escalating day by day. Road traffic accidents account for majority of these cases. Steps need to be taken to control fatal head injuries by adopting effective preventive measures like traffic control and management, rapid response to accidents, effective and efficient handling of cases in hospital emergencies

Socio-demographic profile of female victims of vitriolage in interior sindh Pakistan

Vitriolage is a reprehensible crime. It is an easy mean of taking revenge in our society. The most common victims of this criminal act are women. This study highlights the sociodemographic profile of such cases. Retrospective / observational study. This study was conducted in the medico-legal section of Deptt. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, PUMHS for Women, District Shaheed Benazirabad during the period from 1[st] January 2013 to 31[st] December 2013. Sixteen cases of vitriolage were studied with reference to age, literacy, socioeconomic background, marital status, occupation, relationship with offender, time of incidence, time between occurrence and medical examination, place of incidence. All the cases were females, majority in age group 20-30, unmarried, uneducated, from middle class, had first degree burns and disfigurement of face. The offenders were known to victims in all the cases. The problem needs to be acknowledged by public at large. Individuals social issues should be resolved timely and wisely to guard against such happenings. Emotionally unstable people must be provided counseling by psychologists. The initiative taken by Peshawar High Court in the form of restriction on the sale of acid is a great attempt to minimize the risk and should be appreciated

Fatal road traffic accidents in Karachi

Fatalities due to road traffic accidents are a major cause of mortality all over the world. The aim of our study is to look at socio-demographic profile of such cases in order to find some remedial measures to minimize the brunt. Retrospective / observational study. This study was conducted at the Emergency Department, Sir Syed Hospital, Qayyumabad, Karachi from January to June, 2013. Study was based upon 56 victims of RTA. It includes all those who died during treatment or found dead on arrival in the emergency department. The demographic data of these cases was recorded. Males victims were 71% and maximum number of victims [37.5%] was in age group 30-39 years. Most of the accidents [38%] took place between 1200hrs and 1800hrs. Most of the injuries were found on the head [66%] and then chest 14%, lower extremities 21%, upper extremities 19%. The most common external injuries were abrasions, bruises and lacerations. Skull was the most common bone to be fractured [44%]. The head injury constituted major cause of death [53%] followed by hemorrhagic shock [35%]. Pedestrians and two wheeler riders were mostly affected individuals followed by cyclists, drivers of three wheeler, light and heavy motor vehicles. The incidence of traffic accidents is at rampant. The accidents risks can be minimized by enhancement of road visibility, good traffic control with properly working road traffic signals. Fatalities of Traffic accidents victims can be reduced by providing good pre-hospital care, establishment of well equipped emergency trauma centres in all big hospitals

Diabetic Retinopathy and Homocysteine in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest complication that occurs from the very beginning in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM itself leads to increased homocysteine (Hcy) level. It is postulated that hyperhomocysteinaemia causes retinal vascular damage as Hcy is an established vasculotoxic agent and auto-oxidation of Hcy leads to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation and thrombus formation. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum Hcy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and method: A case control study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during the period of January 2006 to December 2007. Total 85 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were included in this study, 40 were case having retinopathy and 45 were age and sex matched control without retinopathy. Serum Hcy was measured and compared between case and control. Results: Serum Hcy level in cases was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that of control (15.11±5.49 μmol/L vs. 12.59±4.01 μmol/L). Odds ratio was also determined for hyperhomocysteinemia (OR=2.23; CI 0.9-5.45). Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Coordinate Changes in Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction are Correlated to Salt Tolerance: Involvement of Phytohormones.

Salt stress affected areas are increasing significantly all over the world leading to the adverse effects on plant growth and development and productivity of agricultural crops. For better suitability of plants with the changing environment, plants show well-defined metabolic alterations primarily in response to nutrient availability in the environment as an adaptive response. Thus, the management of salt stress is a function of nutritional status of the plant. The uptake and assimilation of sulfur plays a pivotal role in development and metabolic processes of plants and is an integral part of several important compounds, such as vitamins, co-enzymes, phytohormones and reduced sulfur compounds that decipher growth and vigour of plants under optimal and stressful environments. Assimilatory sulfate reduction may induce salt tolerance by coordinating various physiological processes and molecular mechanisms which are likely to be induced by phytohormones. The present review provides an update on physiological and molecular approaches associated with salt stress and details out how sulfur assimilation and phytohormones induce salt tolerance.

Epoxidationof ferutinin by different fungi and antibacterial activity of its metabolite

Structural transformation of the sesquiterpene ester, ferutinin [1], by suspended fungal cultures of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Fusarium lini, resulted in the formation of a metabolite. This metabolite was identified as ferutinin alpha-epoxide [2], by different spectroscopic techniques. Metabolite 2 showed a good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureuscompared to ferutinin [1]

Nutrition of Children and Women in Bangladesh: Trends and Directions for the Future.

Although child and maternal malnutrition has been reduced in Bangladesh, the prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age z-score <-2) among children aged less than five years is still high (41%). Nearly one-third of women are undernourished with body mass index of <18.5 kg/m2. The prevalence of anaemia among young infants, adolescent girls, and pregnant women is still at unacceptable levels. Despite the successes in specific programmes, such as the Expanded Programme on Immunization and vitamin A supplementation, programmes for nutrition interventions are yet to be implemented at scale for reaching the entire population. Given the low annual rate of reduction in child undernutrition of 1.27 percentage points per year, it is unlikely that Bangladesh would be able to achieve the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal to address undernutrition. This warrants that the policy-makers and programme managers think urgently about the ways to accelerate the progress. The Government, development partners, non-government organizations, and the academia have to work in concert to improve the coverage of basic and effective nutrition interventions, including exclusive breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, supplementation of micronutrients to children, adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women, management of severe acute malnutrition and deworming, and hygiene interventions, coupled with those that address more structural causes and indirectly improve nutrition. The entire health system needs to be revitalized to overcome the constraints that exist at the levels of policy, governance, and service-delivery, and also for the creation of demand for the services at the household level. In addition, management of nutrition in the aftermath of natural disasters and stabilization of prices of foods should also be prioritized.

In vitro modulation of oxidative burst via release of reactive oxygen species from immune cells by extracts of selected tropical medicinal herbs and food plants

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate in vitro immunomodulating properties and potential cytotoxicity of six tropical medicinal herbs and food plants namely Antidesma madagascariense (Euphorbiaceae) (AM), Erythroxylum macrocarpum (Erythroxylaceae) (EM), Faujasiopsis flexuosa (Asteraceae) (FF), Pittosporum senacia (Pittosporaceae) (PS), Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) (MC) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) (OT).@*METHODS@#Initially, the crude water and methanol extracts were probed for their capacity to trigger immune cells' NADPH oxidase and MPO-dependent activities as measured by lucigenin- and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, respectively; as compared to receptor-dependent (serum opsonised zymosan- OPZ) or receptor-independent phorbol myristerate acetate (PMA).@*RESULTS@#Preliminary screening on whole human blood oxidative burst activity showed significant and concentration-dependent immunomodulating properties of three plants AM, FF and OT. Further investigations of the fractions on isolated human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and mice monocytes using two different pathways for activation of phagocytic oxidative burst showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent extract. None of the active samples had cell-death effects on human PMNs, under the assay conditions as determined by the trypan-blue exclusion assay. Since PMA and OPZ NADPH oxidase complex is activated via different transduction pathways, these results suggest that AM, FF and OT does not affect a specific transductional pathway, but rather directly inhibit a final common biochemical target such as the NADPH oxidase enzyme and/or scavenges ROS.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our findings suggest that some of these plants extracts/fractions were able to modulate significantly immune response of phagocytes and monocytes at different steps, emphasizing their potential as a source of new natural alternative immunomodulatory agents.

Unilateral primary pulmonary agenesis and hypoplasia in monozygotic twins

We describe 10-month-old identical female twin infants, one with primary left-sided pulmonary agenesis and the other with primary left-sided pulmonary hypoplasia. They came to our outpatient clinic complaining of persistent dry cough. The clinical examination revealed decreased air entry over the left hemithorax. Chest x-rays showed complete left-sided radio-opacity in both the twins. The chest computed tomography scan with contrast confirmed the diagnoses of left-sided pulmonary agenesis [twin A] and left-sided hypoplasia [twin B]. No other associated congenital anomaly was noted in either of the twins. To our knowledge, such a condition in live monozygotic twins has not been previously reported in published studies

Serum Lipids and Diabetic Retinopathy in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest and usually the first observable vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Along with hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia is a contributing factor for the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy. It is postulated that dyslipidaemia results in formation of hard exudate by increasing blood viscosity and altering the fibrinolytic system. A case control study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during the period of January 2006 to December 2007 to evaluate the serum lipid profile in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: Total 85 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were included in this study, 40 were cases having retinopathy and 45 were age and sex matched controls without retinopathy. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were compared between cases and controls. Unpaired t-test and chi-square test were done between groups as tests of significance. Results: All the parameters of lipid profile showed dyslipidaemic trend both in cases and controls. In the cases TG was significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower than that of controls (p < 0.05) whereas no significant difference was found between cases and controls with respect to serum TC and LDL-C. Conclusion: It can be concluded that high TG and low HDL-C are associated with diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Urinary Iodine Excretion of Lactating Mothers Predicts the Iodine Content of Their Breast Milk.

Background: Iodine is essential for normal growth, mental development and survival of infants. Bangladesh is an iodine deficient region. Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Routine measurement of breast milk iodine concentration is very difficult in our country due to some social and religious barriers. So, we designed this study in our population using urinary iodine as the indicator for assessing iodine status. Objectives: To assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants and to propose a method on how to predict the iodine concentration in breast milk. Materials and Methods: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (Statistical Programme for Social Science) 12 version software package for windows. Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 μg/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 μg/L (100.50-526.50). 96% (48) mothers had no biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE ≥100μg/L), only 4% (2) mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE 50-99μg/L). There was no biochemical deficiency of breast-fed infants. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 μg/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 μg/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (P<0.01). Infant’s urinary iodine positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (P<0.01) and also positively correlated with urinary iodine excretion of lactating mothers. Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were found iodine sufficient. Urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers predicts the iodine content of their breast milk.