[The precision and recall of general search engines in retreival of images related to endocrine diseases]

This research aimed at determining and comparing the precision and recall of general search engines to retrieve images of important diseases in the field of endocrinology. An analaytical survey was conducted in this applied research, for which 50 keywords in the field of 5 endocrine diseases were selected, and the 30 top images retrieved by each search engine were stored and analyzed, using precision and recall measurement formulas and excel software. This research show that Google search engine has the most percision [35%] followed by the Bing and Yahoo search engines. Images retrieved for adrenal diseases had the most percision [42%] in google while it was [16%] in yahoo. The Bing search engine had the most recall [77%], followed by the google and yahoo search engines. Diabetes mellitus had the most recall [97%] in the google and bing search engines. Adrenal diseases had the least recall [30%] using yahoo search engine. Results show that Google and bing search engines were in competition with each other and professionals of endocrinology and other researchers can use these search engines, Google and bing in particular, to retrieve the best medical images. Librarians also can use and recommend these two search engines to related professionals for retrieving medical images of adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, diabetes and para-thyroid diseases

[Inhibitory effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine and NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine methyl ester on nitric oxide synthase activity]

Nitric oxide synthase [NOS] paly a role in nitric oxide [NO] generation. Despite the beneficial effects of NO on different body systems its overproduction of produce reactive nitrogen species [RNS] and nitrosilation of proteins. This study was done to evaluate the effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA] and NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NMMA] on inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity. In this laboratory study, Nitric oxide synthase was extracted from 500 grams of sheep kidney by homogenization, ammonium sulphate precipitation and column chromatography on DEAE-32 Cellulose and 2', 5'-ADP-agarose. During purification, protein content was measured according to the Bradford and enzyme activity was assayed using the Griess reactions the inhibitory effects of 25 micro concentrations of ADMA and L-NMMA on purified enzyme were determined. Specific activity and yield of NOS were 0.6 units/mg protein and 0.9%, respectively. Molecular weight of purified enzyme was 54 KD with SDS-PAGE. ADMA and L-NMMA in 25 micro concentrations reduced enzyme activity by 76 and 61.2%, respectively. Km values for NOS in absence and in presence of ADMA and L-NMMA were 5.32 microM, 31.25 microM [P<0.05] and 14.29 microM [P<0.05], respectively. Vmax for NOS in absence and presence of inhibitors was not changed. ADMA and L-NMMA have competitive inhibitory effect on NOS activity and ADMA have higher inhibitory effect than L-NMMA

[ effect of L-thyroxine treatment on memory quotient in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized double blind controlled trial]

Introduction: Verbal memory and executive function might be disturbed in subclinical hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of levothyroxine treatment on the memory quotient of Anti-TPO-Ab positive subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism

Materials and Methods: Sixty Anti-Tpo-Ab positive subjects [51 female, 9 male] with subclinical hypothyroidism with a mean age of 34 were enrolled in this randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Subjects were randomized into two groups, i.e. the case [26 females-4 males] and the controls [25 females, 5 males] groups. Using the Weschler memory test, memory quotient was assessed at the beginning and three months after initiation of levothyroxine treatment

Results: The mean age of subjects was 34.22 +/- 10.75 y and the mean TSH level was 8.25 +/- 3.64 mIU/l. There was no difference between two groups in relation to the memory quotient at the beginning of the study [10.5.70 +/- 11.66 vs 105.87 +/- 11.49, P=0.83]. Following treatment the mean for the memory quotient rose by 9.9 +/- 8.01 in the cases and 3.23 +/- 7.63 in the controls [P=0.002]

Conclusion: In this study we observed an increase in the memory quotient after treatment with levothyroxine in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism, demonstrating that levothyroxine treatment could be recommended to improve verbal memory and executive function in this group of subjects

[Assessment of relationship between spontaneous abortion and occupational exposure to organic solvents]

Nowadays, some studies indicate the adverse effects of exposure to chemicals, especially organic solvents on the reproductive system of females. This study aimed to assess the relationship between spontaneous abortion with occupational exposure to organic solvents in pharmaceutical industry. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study which was carried out in 2010 in one of the pharmaceutical factories located in the suburbs of Tehran. During the study, married women who were working in the factory laboratory units and were exposed to mixed organic solvents were compared with married women who were working in the packing units of the factory without occupational exposure to organic solvents. Frequency of spontaneous abortion and duration of pregnancy were assessed in both two groups. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS software using t-test, logistic regression, and chi-square test. In the present study, the frequency of spontaneous abortion in employees with exposure to organic solvents mixture was 10.7%. This study showed that even after adjustment for confounding factors, there was a significant correlation between spontaneous abortion and occupational exposure to organic solvents mixture and this correlation increased with increasing levels of exposure to organic solvents. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between occupational exposure to mixed organic solvents and waiting time to become pregnant [TTP]. Furthermore, this study showed that even after adjustment for confounding variables, shift workers were significantly more affected by spontaneous abortion compared to daytime workers [P<0.001]. According to the results of this study, since there is probability of spontaneous abortion resulting from occupational exposure to various chemicals including organic solvents, review of the status of occupational exposure of workers can be helpful in improving the reproductive health of female workers

Maternal progesterone level in fetal growth restriction and its relationship with doppler velocimetry indices

To verify whether progesterone concentration is changed in the maternal serum of intra-uterine growth retardation [IUGR] pregnancies and to assess if there is a relationship between maternal progesterone and fetal Doppler velocimetry. Thirty-five patients with intrauterine growth retardation infants and thirty-seven pregnant women with appropriate for gestational age [AGA] fetuses were enrolled in the study. Maternal progesterone serum was determined. Doppler velocimetry of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries [MCA] were obtained in all fetuses. Maternal progesterone level in IUGR infants [58.49 +/- 7.06 ng/ml] had no significant difference with AGA fetuses [58.13 +/- 7.87 ng/ml] [p=0.96]. In the IUGR group, umbilical artery resistive index [RI], pulsatility index [PI] and systolic/ diastolic [S/D] ratio were higher than the normal group [p<0.001], and MCA RI [p value=0.014] and PI [p=0.012] were significantly less than the IUGR group. Besides, RI C/U in the IUGR group was significantly less than the normal group [p<0.001]. A negative significant correlation was detected between maternal progesterone level and MCA PI [r=-0.38] and RI [r=-0.38] in the AGA group. It seems that progesterone has no effect on fetal placental circulation and serum progesterone can not discriminate IUGR infants from AGA infants. Progesterone is a poor marker for placental dysfunction

[Health- related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes]

Considering the importance of quality of life [QoL] affected in chronic diseases including diabetes, this study conducted to evaluate health-related quality of life in patients with type 1-diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled from the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. A quality of Life questionnaire validated previously for assessment of QoL in people with type-1 diabetes in Iran was used. The questionnaire included 20 questions in five areas of social relationships, emotional, daily activity, academic performance and treatment. Mean age of the subjects and duration of disease were 22.14 +/- 6.84, 8.97 +/- 7.14 years respectively. The mean score for general quality of life was 70.70 +/- 13.95 in men and 67.27 +/- 11.87 in women. There was no significant difference in general quality of life between men and women. However, regarding treatment, the quality of life in men [65.64 +/- 16.65] was higher than in women [P<0.05]. General quality of life was significantly correlated with duration of diabetes and type of insulin. In patients treated with insulin-analogues, general quality of life and areas of emotional, social relationships, academic performance and treatment were better. To conclude, comprehensive diabetes care, including mental health counseling and structured patient education programs might improve QoL in Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes

Effect of helicobacter pylori eradication on short-term control of glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Precise control of diabetes mellitus, one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases, is important for prevention of serious vascular complications. Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in the world and data reveals that diabetic patients with concomitant H. pylori infection require higher doses of insulin, despite which they have higher levels of HbAic than their uninfected counterparts. Our study was hence designed to assess the effect of H. pylori eradocatopmon hyperglycemia control in diabetic patients. Between January and June 2005, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and positive urea breath tests, were randomly allocated into two groups, the first treated for H. pylori infection [cases] and the second served as controls. HbAic and FBS were measured in all patients at initiation of study and three months later. The study included 19 cases and 22 controls. Mean decrease of HbAic and FBS in the two groups showed no significant differences. Study results indicate that treating H. pylori in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has no role in short-term control of the disease. In most studies numbers and types of evaluated cases have limitations, and results differ. More extensive studies, using long term randomized clinical trials-term are recommendated

Prevalence of hypertension among the adult population of Semnan province

A population based cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine prevalence of hypertension in the adult population of Semnan province. The study was conducted from September 2005 until February 2006, using a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample. A total of 3799 adults, aged 30-70 years, were examined. Two blood pressure measurements were obtained by trained observers using a standard sphygmomanometer after a 5 minute seated rest. Information on history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medication was obtained using a standard questionnaire. Body mass index [BMI] and waist to hip circumference were determined. Fasting blood sample was drawn for measurement of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Prevalence's of hypertension in men and women were 24.1% and 24.7% respectively. In both sexes, prevalence of hypertension increased with age. No significant difference was found in prevalence of hypertension in rural [24.1%] and urban [24.8%] regions. Among hypertensive subjects, 40.6% were aware of their hypertension [men: 30% women: 49.7%, P < 0.001], only 25.5% were taking antihypertensive medication [men: 19.5% women: 30.6% P < 0.001] and 41.2% had their blood pressure controlled [men: 41% women: 42.3%]. In 93.7% of men and 97.2% of women with hypertension, at least one other cardiovascular risk factor was present and its prevalence was increased in both genders with age. Finally, gender [OR: 1.28 in men], diabetes [OR:1.86], obesity [OR:1.7], high triglycerides [OR:1.3], high cholesterol [OR: 1.3], and abdominal obesity [OR: 1.79] were positively associated with hypertension [P < 0.001]. Hypertension was present in one-fourth of the population. Majority of hypertensive subjects in this region still remain undetected and control of hypertension is also inadequate. This calls for urgent prevention and control measures for hypertension in Semnan province

[Comparison of pulmonary function in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy compared with control group]

All pulmonary complications of diabetes have not yet been identified completely and results of limited studies available show controversial results. This study aims to determine lung involvement in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and compare them with healthy subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted on three groups, 33 diabetic patients with, and 33 patients without retinopathy and 33 healthy subjects as the control group. Diabetic patients were matched with the control group in terms of weight, height, age and sex. Spirometry was performed using a portable spirometer and the results compared with the appropriate statistical software. Diabetic patients did not show significant reduction in FEV1 and FVC compared to the control group [p>0.05] but PEFR showed significant reduction [p<0.001]. Mean PEFR values were lower in patients with retinopathy compared to subjects without retinopathy, difference not statistically significant [p >0.05]. FEV1/FVC was significantly higher in diabetics than nondiabetics, and also in patients with retinopathy in comparison to patients without retinopathy [p<0.001]. PEFR and FEV1/FVC values, in regard to duration of diabetes [>/= 10 Yrs], had significantly reduced and increased respectively [p=0.039, p = 0.049]. Type of diabetes control [Insulin Vs Oral agents] did not show significant changes in spirometeric parameters between patients with and without diabetes [p >0. 05]. This study showed that the pulmonary function is impaired in diabetes mellitus. Increased FEV1/FVC and decreased PEFR present a restrictive pattern in diabetic patient. And the severity of pulmonary complications seems to be correlated with other complication of diabetes [retinopathy]. Duration of diabetes has a significant association with pulmonary complications, whereas the type of treatment has no effect on pulmonary function. To design screening tests for lung involvement in diabetic patients, we need more precise and extensive studies

Primary atrial lymphoma in a patient with dyspnea

Primary cardiac lymphoma is extremely rare. In this care report, we present the case of a 46-year-old man with primary cardiac lymphoma involving left atrium and interatrial septum, presenting as dyspnea palpitation and irregular heart beat. The diagnosis was obtained by transthoracic echocardiography and surgical biopsy with subxiphoid approach which revealed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, CD 20+. After 8 courses of chemotherapy, the patient achieved complete remission. After 4 months, however, he developed exertional dyspnea. Right atrial recurrent lymphoma extension was diagnosed. He is currently under external radiotherapy treatment. Patients with primary cardiac lymphoma have a very poor prognosis

study of the prevalence of color blindness in yazd railway staff

Color blindness is one of the common genetic disorders in all human Communities The genes which specify the red and green sensitive photopigments are located on the X chromosomes within the X band. Abnormalities are inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. This results in a much higher prevalence of red - green color deficiency in males than in females. It's prevalence rate in human communities is a bout 8% and for females about 0.5%. Due to the importance of color vision for locomotive drivers,358 railway staff and locomotive drivers in Yazd were randomly selected and tested for red -green color blindness and visual acuity. To do this,a questionnaire including information on age, level of education, occupation, smoking, visual acuity, color blindness and awareness of color blindness was prepared. The 38-plates edition of the Ishihara test was used to examine red - green color blindness and Snellen chart was also used to check visual acuity. Of the subjects27 [7.54%] showed color blindness, 6 of them being locomotive drivers. Three showed protanopia, 5 protanomaly, 4 deuteranopia and 15 deuteranomaly. The prevalence of color blindness showed no correlation with visual acuity, smoking, age and the level of education [p-value > 705]. The frequency distribution of having a good knowledge, partial knowledge and lack of knowledge on their color blindness was 18.52%, 48.15% and 33.33% respectively. Prevalence of red-green color blindness in rail way staff [7.54%] is comparable to other communities [2 -10%]

diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in neoplastic invasion of the laryngeal cartilage

Cartilage invasion is important in the management plan of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal neoplasms. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography [CT] to detect the neoplastic invasion of the laryngeal cartilages. 37 patients with proved laryngeal or hypopharyngeal neoplasm that were candidates for total laryngectomy were included in this study. For all patients, standard contrast-enhanced laryngeal CT was performed. Two imaging findings were considered as neoplastic invasion of the laryngeal cartilage increased density and chondrolysis. These findings were evaluated in thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages. Then, all patients underwent total laryngectomy and the cartilages were sent for histopathologic evaluation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and positive and negative likelihood ratios of CT findings were evaluated for the diagnosis of neoplastic invasion of these cartilages. The mean [ +/- SD] age of patients was 61.4 +/- 8.8 [range: 39-76] years. Thirty-four patients were male; 25 had laryngeal tumor and 12 had hypopharyngeal tumor. Totally, 139 cartilages were evaluated [37 thyroid, 37 cricoid and 65 arytenoid cartilages]. Among these cartilages, 49 [16 thyroid, 11 cricoid and 22 arytenoid cartilages] had neoplastic invasion. In thyroid cartilage, the sensitivity of increased density was 0.81 and the specificity of chondrolysis was 0.91; the specificity of both findings together was 0.95. In cricoid cartilage, the sensitivity of increased density was 0.73; the specificity was 0.73; the specificity of chondrolysis was 0.96 and specificity of both findings was 1. In arytenoid cartilage, the specificity of increased density was 0.67; the specificity of chondrolysis was 0.98; and the specificity of both findings together was 1. Considering all 139 cartilages together, the sensitivity of increased density was 0.69 and the specificity of chondrolysis was 0.96. Setting all cartilages in a single group and considering both of these CT findings, the sensitivity was 0.89 and the specificity was 0.76. Chondrolysis is a specific and increased density is a relatively sensitive CT finding for the diagnosis of laryngeal cartilage neoplastic invasion; considering both findings together makes a very specific imaging finding for the diagnosis

[Association between Helicobacter Pylori infection and first miscarriage]

Miscarriage is the most common problem in pregnancy. Major mechanisms responsible for abortion are not always clear. Some underlying factors have been proved. Hence, efforts are being done to determine the new factors; like chronic infection. In this study, we investigated relationship between helicobacter pylori [HP] infection and first miscarriage. In this study, 70 women with first miscarriage [case group] and 67 with normal [control group] delivery, aged 20-29 years old were studied. Interviews along with 5cc blood were taken from each case to test the specific IgG titer with ELISA method. A questionnaire was filled for each subject. Mean [ +/- SD] age of cases was 23.0 +/- 2.6 and control group was 23.8 +/- 2.7. This difference was not significant [P=0.076]. 45.7% of cases with the first miscarriage and 25.4% control group suffered from HP. Relationship between HP infection and miscarriage was significant [OR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.13-5.46, P=0.013. According to this study, it seems that there is an association between HP infection and first miscarriage. For determining the effect of HP infection on causing the first miscarriage, more studies are required

Accuracy of endosonography in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] has been used as the method of choice in assessment of obstructive jaundice for a long time. Recently, the development of endoscopic ultrasonography [EUS] has attracted the attention of clinicians as an alternative accurate, safe and cheap method to replace the ERCP procedures performed only for diagnostic purposes, the present study aims to examine the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography as an alternative diagnostic procedure to ERCP for detection of causes of cholestasis'. In this study, 100 patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography in Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: 1] those with operable periampullary tumors who were referred to the surgeons, 2] other patients. The final diagnosis made after ERCP and operative removal of the mass was considered as the gold standard and was compared with accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography. The overall accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of obstructive cholestasis was 92.0%. Sensitivity and specificity of this method in diagnosis of choledocholithiasis were 95.2% and 96.4% respectively. The corresponding values for diagnosis of periampullary tumors were 96.2% and 95.8%.In this study the accuracy of EUS in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and its sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and periampullary tumors were high. Therefore, it could be concluded that endoscopic ultrasonography is a reliable diagnostic tool for extrahepatic cholestasis

comparative study on therapeutic effect of sodium chloride and alcohol in infants with umbilical granulomas

Umbilical granuloma is a common inflammatory reaction which occurs during falling of umbilicus. Some treatments include use of daily alcohol, burning with silver nitrate and granuloma ligator. To compare the therapeutic effect of common salt and alcohol in infants with umbilical granuloma. This was a clinical trial carried out on 105 infants with umbilical granuloma. The cases were randomly divided into three groups. The first group received common salt for three days [once every 12 hours] and the second group treated with 70% alcohol twice a day [0.5 ml each time]. In the third group [control] the umbilicus was washed with pure water twice a day [0.5 ml each time]. The data was analyzed using Chi-square test and the One-way analysis of variance. The recovery rates among infants were 100% [common salt], 34.3% [alcohol] and 14.3% [pure water] following 3 days, This difference was statistically significant [p=0.0000].However, in 25.7% of infants treated with alcohol and 60% of control group, who were cured before 3 days, the umbilical granuloma recurred after an average of 8.3 days and 4 days, respectively. There was no recurrence among infants treated with common salt. All infants in control group and those who were treated with alcohol for 3 days, either with no cure or with recurrence, went under treatment with common salt. Follow up for two months in infants treated with common salt was indicative of no recurrence among them. Our data showed that the use of common salt in treating umbilical granuloma was more effective than 70% alcohol. So,it is suggested that the technique using common salt to be substituted for other procedures due to low price and lack of any complications

Prediction of cardiovascular disease by metabolic syndrome in individuals aged over 40 yrs according to the ATP III and IDF definition: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Different results have been reported on the association between metabolic syndrome [MS] and cardiovascular diseases [CVD]. The aim of this study is to determine the role of the Adult Treatment Cholesterol Program [ATP III] and International Diabetes Federation [IDF] definitions of metabolic syndrome in predicting CVD. In this cohort study, all individuals aged over 40 yrs, phase I participants of the TLGS, with no histories of CVD were selected. Based on the APT III and IDF criteria of the MS syndrome, they were divided into those with and those without the condition. All of the subjects were followed for a mean duration of 4.9 +/- 0.8 years for occurrence of CVD. The predictive ability of different definitions of the MS was evaluated in different regression models that included only the MS [model 1] and were also adjusted for age, sex, family history of premature CVD and smoking [model 2], serum LDL [model 3] and other components of the MS [model 4]. There were 3777 individuals' aged 54 +/- 10 years 1536 [41%] where normal according to the both criteria of the MS and 1714 [45%] and 1900 [50%] subjects had MS according to the ATP III and IDF criteria respectively. New CVD occurred in 143 individuals [3.7%]. In our study, the MS was the predictor of CVD in the first three models according to ATP III and IDF criteria however, in model 4, none of the definitions of MS predicted CVD. After calculation of the area under the curve [AUC] for model 2 and 3, it was observed that the power of the ATP III criteria in model 2 for prediction of CVD was significantly higher than the IDF [AUC 0.760 vs. 0.735, p < 0.001] but no significant difference was observed between the 2 criteria in model 3. The ATP III and IDF definitions of the MS, it seems can similarly predict CVD after adjustment for the common CVD risk factors and LDL, whereas neither of the 2 definitions had this predictive power after adjustment of their components in addition to the earlier mentioned ones

Survey of the frequency percentage of doping drugs among the male-body building athletes and rate of knowledge to side-effects

Increasing the body building sport in young people, using various drugs to enhance the body efficiency is beeing increased. However, they play the temporary roles in body-building, but they cause the irreparable poisionings and bad effects on them 337 body-building athletes from among 70 clubs in Semnan province were chosen randomly and they were given a questionnaire, containing the demographic questions, in which the rate of using drugs and their knowledge about the side-effects of these drugs had been considered, was filled out via interview. To analyse the data, chi-square and ratio tests were used 27.3% of samples used the doping drugs [95% CI: 22.5%- 32.1%]. The most common drugs were food supplements [20.8%], anabolic steroide [14.2%] and vitamins [7.1%]. The people who used doping drugs were at the ages of 20 [35.4%], 20-25 [26.1%] and higher than 20 [21.1%]. 31.7% of cases were with under highschool diploma.Using these drugs were more than those who had diploma degree or higher [23.3%]; and showing a significant relationship [P=0.0418]. Also, the percentage of using the doping drugs among the cases under 20 [35.4%] was significantly [P=0.0294] higher than cases with more than 20 year-old [24.7%]. Among the athletes, only 4.7% of them had knowledge about the side-effects of doping drugs, and there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of bad effects and level of educations [P<0.004]. Increasing the consumption of doping drugs, using in lower ages and having less knowledge about the side-effects among users, showing that the physical education instructors and the athletes are trained and regarding to kinds of drugs and variation among them, educational structure is changed to prevent the next problems

Association of helicobacter pylori infection with cardiac syndrome X

Cardiac syndrome X includes chest pain and positive exercise and /or radionuclide test and normal coronary angiography. There is no obvious etiology for this syndrome. Some mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction and estrogen deficiency have been explained. In this study, we studied correlation between helicobacter pylori infection and cardiac syndrome X 23 patients [17 female and 6 male] with cardiac syndrome X between 30-65 years old [mean 42 +/- 4] matched with control group [16 female and 7 male] between 31-64 years old [mean 41 +/- 4]. Helicobacter pylori infection detected by urease breathe test [UBT]. Patients with dyspepsia and coronary spasm were excluded. UBT showed that 91% of cases in patient group and 48% in control group were positive for helicobacter pylori infection, and this difference was significant [P<0.001]. Due to high prevalence of infection with helicobacter pylori in cardiac syndrome X patients [91%] in comparison with it's prevalence in control group [48%], possibility of relationship between infection with helicobacter pylori and cardiac syndrome X is suggested

Survey of cancer incidence during a 5-year [1998-2002] period in Semnan province

Suitable information of different cancers in special geographic area can define medical programs for treatment and screening of high-risk groups. The provincial health authority reported a high mortality rate from upper GI cancer in the center of Iran. A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all cases of cancer during a 5-year [1998-2002] period among the indigenous population of Semnan province. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology, clinical or radiological findings of patients, and death certificate. A total of 1732 patients with cancers [mean age 59.41 +/- 19.08 years] were found during the study. Of these, 936 [54.86%] were in males. Crude rate were 124.8/100'000 and 112.1/100,000 in males and females, respectively. Age-standardized rate [ASRs] for all cancers in males and females G were 156/100'000 and 136/100,000 person-year, respectively. Gastric cancer was the most common tumor with incidence rate of 19.7 per 100,000 people, ASRs=27.5. In UGIC, gastric cancer was the most common [47.17%], colon malignancies [8.1%, 9.5 per 100,000 populations], esophagus [6.8%, 7.9 per 100,000 populations], liver [2.4%, and 2.8 per 100,000 populations]. In women breast, uterine and ovary, stomach and skin were the most common cancers respectively. In young ages population the most common tumors were brain, ALL and bone, respectively. Gastric cancer alone constitutes one-fifth of all cancers in Semnan, with the highest incidence rate. The ASR of which is the highest reported from Iran up to now and one of the highest in the world