[ ability of H2O2 to induce differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes]

Background and Aim: Cartilage disorders may deteriorate following oxidative stress injuries affecting mature chondrocytes. Meantime, mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] can differentiate into chondrocytes in the presence of oxidative conditions and act as a source of compensation for injured chondrocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of H2O2 on MSCs differentiation into chondrocytes in order to cast light on the dual roles of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diseases

Materials and Methods: Human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from abdominal adipose tissue of three different donors and cultured in the presence of 50 microM H2O2 in order to differentiate into chondrocytes. We determined cell viability by tetrazolium assay and measured reactive oxygen species [ROS] level by flow cytometry. Presence of glycoseaminoglycans was confirmed by safranin staining

Results: The percentage of cells containing ROS was significantly higher in the cells treated with hydrogen peroxide [29.2% +/- 1] compared to that in the untreated control cells [7.7% +/- 1.4]. A significant increase in glycoseaminoglycan content was observed in H2O2 treated cells compared to that in the control cells both on the 9[th] day [treated: 1.57×104 +/- 0.1 vs control: 0.91×104 +/- 0.09] and 21[st] day [treated: 2.87×104 +/- 0.2 vs control: 0.96×104 +/- 0.07]. In addition, comparison of glycoseaminoglycan content on the 9[th] and 21[st] days showed a significantly higher content in both treated and control cells on the 21[st] day [p<0.05]

Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide resulted in increased differentiation of adipose tissue-derived MSCs into chondrocytes. Therefore, we concluded that, oxidative stress had positive role in the induction of chondrocyte differentiation

[Evaluation the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of portulaca oleracea and estradiol on pain threshold in female mice]

Background: there are many plant extracts which can modulate pain response. Also, studies represented modulatory effects of estradiol on pain

Objectives: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea [purslane] and estradiol on pain threshold in female mice

Methods: in this experimental study, 90 female balb c mice were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups which receiving low, moderate and high doses of purslane extract, estradiol and their combination. Following intraperitoneal administration of the hormone or extract, pain threshold was measured using tail flick test, and acquired data have been analyzed using ANOVA

Results: pain threshold was significantly increased after administration of moderate and high doses of purslane extract with comparing to the control group [P<0.005 and P<0.009, respectively]. Also, the administration of moderate and high doses of estradiol caused significantly increasing of the pain threshold with comparing to the control group [P<0.009 and P<0.001 respectively]. Finally, co-administration the low doses of estradiol and purslane extract and coadministration the high doses of estradiol and purslane extract resulted increasing of the pain threshold with compare to the control group, but there was not significant changed in comparing to the groups which received low doses of estradiol and extract

Conclusion: present study showed that purslane seed extract and estradiol caused increasing of the pain threshold in the female mice. Hence, these results maybe demonstrate morphine-like effects of purslane extract and estradiol

[ effects of hydroalcoholic extract of raspberry fruit on pain and passive avoidance memory following transient global ischemia/reperfusion in wistar rats]

Background: Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. Flavonoids found in Raspberry fruit [RF] play an important role against oxidative stress injuries in the biological systems

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of RF on ischemia/reperfusion [I/R]-induced brain injury in rats

Methods: In the present experimental study, 42 wistar adult male rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into six groups as sham operated [Sh], ischemia/reperfusion [I/R] received normal saline [I+Veh], I/R groups treated with RF extract [I+RF, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, IP, respectively]. The global cerebral I/R was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min, followed by reperfusion. Behavioral test performed with shuttle box and analgesia test performed with tail flick test

Results: Administration of RF extract 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg doses increased passive avoidance memory significantly [P<0.05]. In addition, RF extract delayed the emergence of painful reflux in tail flick test significantly [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Results of this study showed that RF extract possesses protective effects against pain and memory deficits induced by I/R, which may be due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

[ effect of eye movement with desensitization and reprocessing on anxiety induced by dressing pain in burn patients]

Introduction: Burn is an injury that can results in pain in patients. On the other hand, burn treatment measures also lead to pain and anxiety among these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eye movement with desensitization and reprocessing [EMDR] on the anxiety due dressing pain in patients with burn

Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial that was carried out among burn patients hospitalized in Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Qazvin. Subjects were selected using purposeful sampling method. Then, the patients were randomly assigned in control and treatment group with 30 patients in each group; s with the usage of minimization method. Data were collected using the Burn Standard Pain Anxiety Scale [BSPAS]. Desensitization method with eye movements and reprocessing was performed to the treatment group for around 45 to 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including paired-t- test, t-test, and chi square

Results: The mean of anxiety in the treatment group was 51.07 +/- 4.81 before the intervention, whereas it was 38.40 +/- 2.05 after the intervention. The difference was statistically significant [P<0.001]. The mean of anxiety in the control group before and after the intervention were 50.03 and 53.20, respectively. It was also statistically significant [P<0.001]

Conclusion: The findings indicated that the desensitization method with eye movements and reprocessing decrease patient's anxiety during treatment procedures. The use of EMRD in burn patients will lead to improved health and reduce their anxiety

[Evaluation of digital library of Tehran University of medical sciences using structural standards of academic digital libraries]

Introduction: spite of many studies conducted on digital libraries, there are a few studies on the evaluation of this type of library. The present study was an attempt to determine similarities and differences between Tehran University of Medical Sciences Digital Library against the Structural Standards of an academic digital library

Methods: this was an observational study in which the data was collected by a check list developed by the researcher. The check list was constructed by evaluating the best digital libraries in 2010 from Digital Library Federation point of view, facilities in an academic libraries and a literature review. Then, TUMS Digital Library was compared with all components in the check list to determine the similarities and differences. Finally, descriptive statistics [average and percentage] were presented using SPSS software

Results: the study showed that TUMS Digital Library just met 22.3 percent [8 components] of the standards including university news, electronic journal, staff name, Email, telephone number, databases, physical library work time, address and membership in the library

Conclusion: it seems that the reason for calling this library a Digital Library is just based on possessing several electronic resources and TUMS digital library does not conform with a standard digital library. However, besides having features of a traditional library, a digital library should have special characteristics which will be discussed in this study

Comparison in chemical compositions of the essential oil from leaves of Lippia citriodora H.B.K. plantlets produced from micro-propagation and stem cutting

Background: Lemon verbena [Lippia citriodora H.B.K.] is an aromatic and medicinal plant of family Verbenaceae, which cultivated in the North region of Iran

Objective: This comparative study was carried out on essential oil content and composition of Lippia citriodora H.B.K. from micro-propagated and rooted apical stem cutting plantlets

Methods: The micro-propagated plantlets were obtained by use of synthetic medium condition containing basal MS medium supplemented with 1 mg.l-1 BAP, 0.5 mg.l-1 IBA, 1 g.l-1 activated charcoal, 30 g.l[-1] sucrose, and 7 g.l[-1] agars. Pre-acclimated plantlets were transferred to the research greenhouse. To determine the essential oil content and its components in two types of plantlets, leaves of L. citriodora were collected in August 2013 before flowering stage. The essential oils were extracted by Clevenger apparatus and their constituents were determined by GC-MS

Results: The results indicated that thirty-two components were determined in the stem cutting derived plantlets. The main components of stem cutting plantlets were geranial [13.81%], limonene [11.41%], spathulenol [11.22%], and neral [11.21%]. Thirty-five components were also obtained in the micro-propagated plantlets. The main components of micro-propagated plantlets were consisted of geranial [17.26%], neral [14.48%], 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one [10.75%], and limonene [8.93%]

Conclusion: In general, the essential oil content of stem cutting plantlets was higher than micro-propagated plantlets, while the number of compounds and amount of geranial and neral in stem cutting plantlets was lower than micro-propagated plantlets

Phytochemical variations in Lemon verbena [Lippia citriodora H.B.K.] plantlets affected by propagation methods and soil type

Lemon verbena [Lippia citriodora H.B.K.] is an aromatic and medicinal plant of family Verbenaceae, which cultivated in North region of Iran. Evaluation of phytochemical characters in Lippia citriodora H.B.K. plantlets affected by propagation methods [micro-propagation and stem cutting] cultivated in different soil type [peat moss and mixture soil]. This study was done on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatments. The treatments were propagation methods [micro-propagation and stem cutting] and soil type [peat moss and mixture soil]. The volatile oil was extracted by hydro-distillation using clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results indicated that the interaction effects of different soils and plantlets types had significant effect [p<0.05] on all studied parameters. The highest content of essential oil [0.79%], geranial [53.52%], neral [31.82%], limonene [11.29%], leaf dry weight [1.43 g] and SPAD value [20.85] were observed in treatment of MPP [micro-propagation plantlets cultivated in peat moss] and the lowest of that was obtained in treatment of SCM [stem cutting plantlets cultivated in mixture soil]. The peat moss was the best bed in respect of phytochemicals and morpho-physiological traits in both types of in vitro and stem cutting propagation. The highest essential oil content was observed in treatment of micro-propagation cultivated in peat moss

[Evaluation of the two variants of p63 [d4TAp63 and delta Np73L] expression as molecular markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer]

The TP63 gene, as the oldest homologue of TP53, encodes two main N-terminal variants by different promoters: the trans-activating variant, TAp63 with tumor suppressor activity and the amino terminal truncated variant, delta Np63 with oncogenic activity. As the result of the deletion of exon 4 in each of the variants, two further N-terminal variants have been reported for p63 in the last decade: d4TAp63 and delta Np73L, but the exact function of these variants have not been determined in normal and tumoral cells. In this study we evaluated the expression pattern of p63 variants and usefulness of d4TAp63 and delta Np73L as potential diagnostic molecular markers in breast cancer. In this study 30 tumoral and 20 non tumoral samples of marginal tissues were studied by use of Semi-quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-nested PCR [RT-nPCR] method. SPSS16 software was used for data analysis. In all cases with expression of TAp63 and delta Np63 variants, d4TAp63 and delta Np73L variants were always expressed with their long variants simultaneously. In tumoral and marginal samples delta Np73L mean expression level was significantly higher than the mean expression level of d4TAP63 [P = 0.009 and P=0.008 respectively]. delta Np63 expression levels in tumoral and marginal samples were also higher than those of TAp63, which had a statistically significant difference in tumoral samples [P=0.03], but no significant difference was detected in marginal samples [P = 0.11]. The results indicated dominant negative inhibitory activity of delta Np63 and its potential role as an oncogene in breast cancer. delta Np73L variant compared to d4TAp63, in tumoral and non tumoral breast tissues can act as dominant negative variant. Both variants [delta Np73L and d4TAp63] with similar expression patterns to their respective longer variants [delta Np63 and TAp63] and simultaneous expression with their variants are likely to be involved in strengthening the tumor suppressor activity in normal and tumoral breast cells. On the other hand, according to the expression patterns of delta Np73L and d4TAp63 variants, they cannot be considered as molecular markers in the diagnosis of breast tumors

[Sleep and health related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure]

Introduction: Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders. In this disease heart is disable to perfusion, insufficient perfusion lead to many symptoms in this patients. Each of these symptoms in some patients is deprived from the suitable sleep. Sleep is a vital and effective element in the health and quality of life in these patients. The purpose of this study is to assess of relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure

Methods: In this cross-correlation study, 200 patients with chronic heart failure in two teaching university hospital of Tehran university of medical sciences was selected using sampling with proportional allocation. Data were collected using from demographic questioner, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and then were analyzed using the SPSS software and statistical tests

Results: Sleep quality, with some aspects of health related quality of life including physical limitations [P<0.000], symptoms [P<0.001], social functioning [P<0.000], quality of life, [P<0.011] as well as general health related quality of life [P<0.000] has a significant relationship

Conclusion: Considering that sleep quality are associated with health-related quality of life. Community health care providers especially nurses had to more than before attention to sleep quality in these patients

[ effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction]

Coronary heart disease is the main cause of death and inability in all communities. Anxiety is the most common psychological response to myocardial infarction. Present study was conducted to indentify efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on the anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction. This study is a clinical trial. Sixty patients with myocardial infarction hospitalized at the cardiac ward of a hospital in Qazvin between 2011-2012 were selected using sampling and were divided by random assignment into experimental and control groups. In order to collect data, demographic and anxiety questionnaires were used. Interventions were subsequently performed in two sessions every other day for 45 to 90 mi and anxiety level of the patients was measured before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired - t-test, t-test, Willcoxon and Chi square. Mean anxiety levels in experimental group were [48.87 +/- 4.28] and [7.37 +/- 2.42] before and after intervention, respectively; therefore it statistically showed a significant difference [P<0.001]. Mean anxiety level in control group was [49.10 +/- 5.13] before intervention and it was [48.40 +/- 5.31] after intervention, so it statistically showed a significant difference [P<0.001]. The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a newly effective, useful, efficient and non-invasive method for treatment and reducing anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction. Nurses, particularly those who are working in Critical Care Units can use this new and effective method for treatment of anxiety in patients

[Psychiatric status in couples attending training courses before marriage]

Marriage is a critical event that has a great effect on mental health. Psychological problems are considered as a factor undermining the foundation of the family and divorce. Due to its significance this study was conducted to determine the mental status of married couples attending training courses in 1389 in Qazvin city. In a cross-sectional study all couples referring to training classes before marriage were chosen. The data were gathered by SCL-90 questioner. All samples were in normal range of mental illness index. A total of 339 couples with a mean age of 23/71 +/- 4/45 participated in this study. Somatization, anxiety and aggression were seen in women more than men. Only somatization and gender with exact Fischer test have a statistical significant relationship[p=0/.5]. Obsession and depression in men were higher than women. Disturbance in interpersonal relationship and phobia were the same in men and women. Anxiety and Disturbance in interpersonal relationship were higher than other disturbances. With respect to effective importance of mental problems of each couple on family mental health, it is essential to include this component in pre marriage education program

[Protective effect of yontam extract of Aloe vera on serum creatine kinase activity in male rats exposed to acute and chronic immobilization stress]

Immobilization stress has a variety of effects on the enzymes activity. This study was conducted to determine the protective effect of Aloe vera extract on the serum level of creatine kinase enzyme in male rates exposed to acute and chronic immobilization stress. This experimental study was conducted on 45 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 +/- 30 g. Animals were randomly allocated into 9 groups of 5 rats: control, normal saline, chronically immobilized, acutely immobilized, chronically immobilized normal saline, acutely immobilized normal saline, Aloe vera extract [600 mg/kg/daily], acutely immobilized Aloe vera [600 g/kg/daily] and chronically immobilized Aloe vera groups [600 g/kg/daily]. Aloe vera extract with a dose of 600 mg/kg/BW was administered by gavage feeding before applying stress. For chronic immobilization, animals were put under immobilization stress for 2 hrs a day for 3 weeks and for acute immobilization animals were put under immobilization for 8 hrs a day for one week. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method and serum level of creatine kinase enzyme [units/L] was measured by spectrophotometery. Data were analyzed using SPSS-19, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Serum level of creatine kinase enzyme represented a statistical significant increase in rats exposed to acute [2368.20 +/- 104.96 units/L] and chronic immobilization [2177.80 +/- 234.75 units/L] compared with control group [1240.40 +/- 706.40 units/L] [P<0.001]. The enzyme alteration level was not significant in Aloe vera [1619.80 +/- 171.41 units/L], acutely immobilized Aloe vera extract [1619.00 +/- 206.03 units/L] and chronically immobilized Aloe vera extract [1448.00 +/- 106.07 units/L]. This study showed that gavage of Aloe vera extract [600 mg/kg/daily] in rats can prevent the elevation of creatine kinase enzyme activity resulted by immobilization stress

[Evaluating the quality of life of osteoporotic postmenopausal women]

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease caused by loss of Bone Mass Density [BMD] and consequent fractures of disease increase the pain and decrease the individual's quality of life. The present study was conducted to compare the quality of life in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with their normal counterparts. A cross sectional study was conducted on 275 postmenopausal females referred to the Namazi hospital in Shiraz. BMD was measured based on WHO standards and subjects with BMD < - 2.5 Standard Deviation [SD] of the average value, were defined as having osteoporosis [cases], while those with BMD >1 SD, were considered normal [controls]. The Qualeffo-41 questionnaire was used to estimate the quality of life and was reported on a scale of 100. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using the t-test and descriptive statistics. The mean of the quality of life score was 25.5 +/- 11.7 and based on the WHO definition, 70.2% of participants were affected by osteoporosis. Estimates for good quality of life in osteoporosis subjects and normal postmenopausal females were 22.3% and 30.5%, respectively. Comparing the different aspects of quality of life in the cases and normal postmenopausal females, showed a statistical difference between the two groups in the "social activities" aspect. Regarding the gradual and asymptomatic trend of osteoporosis, it is essential to pay more attention to the preventive aspect of the disease to curtail effects of its outcomes on the quality of life.

[Effect of Methocarbamol on postoperative pain following cholecystectomy]

Post pain operative is common and a major complication which lead to numerous dangerous effects in various organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methocarbamol on postoperative pain following cholecystectomy. In a randomized, double - blind clinical trail study 60 ASA I, II patient in two group [n=30 in each group] between 30-50 years old and weigh lower of 100kg undergone general anesthesia for cholecystectomy. Elective surgery was selected in Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran during 2008. Both group did not receive premedication and under similar condition of general anesthesia. Interventional group received 500mg Methocarbamol intravenus slowly and the control group received 5ml placebo slowly after operation. The pain score were measured by visual anesthesia scale [VAS] on the 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation and if necessitated narcotics [PRN, VAS>4] were prescribed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, ANOVA, Chi-Square and student's t-tests. There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of age, gender. The mean of score pain was lower for interventional group at 6.24 hours after operation [P<0.05]. But no significant differences was observed at 1, 3 and 12 hours. The prescribe narcotic in interventional group was lower compared to controls [P<0.05]. According to analgesic effects and low prescribe narcotics, it is suggested to use methocarbamol after operative due to analgesic effect

[Development and evaluation of antioxidant chitosan film incorporated with grape seed extract]

The application of antioxidant films is a promising strategy for controlling chemical spoilage of food. Antioxidant chitosan films incorporated with grape seed extract [GSE] were developed with the objectives of investigation of their characteristics. Chitosan film was developed by casting method and the effect of different concentrations of GSE [0, 0.5, 1 and 2%] on mechanical, color [accordance with hunter system [L* [luminosity], alpha* [redness], and b* [yellowness]], antioxidant characteristics, total phenol [TP], and swelling index [%SI] of films were evaluated. Generally, the tensile strength of GSE formulated films was influenced by the concentrations of GSE. The 2% GSE/ chitosan films revealed tensile strength similar to unsupplemented film. Concerning color of chitosan film, results indicated that by incorporating GSE, significant changes on L*, alpha*, b* values were appeared [p 0.05]. The antioxidant activity of GSE formulated films was considerable due to the high source of phenolics. This activity was affected by GSE concentrations, which were significant for film containing 0.5% [37.85%] 1% [39.16%] and 2% [41.57%] GSE in comparison with control [12.34%] [p 0.05]. The results also revealed that by increasing the amount of GSE, the TP and%SI were significantly increased. The results indicated that all characteristics of films were influenced by the extent of GSE. Improvement in antioxidant and total phenol of GSE assimilated films is appreciated. Such films are suitable for handle in preserving food

Seroepidemiology of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever in slaughterhouse workers in north eastern Iran

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever [CCHF] is an acute febrile haemorrhagic disease. This study was conducted to ascertain the infection status amongst slaughterhouse workers in Iran's north-eastern provinces [Razavi and northern and southern Khorasan], so that analysis of the results could help clarification of the epidemiology of this disease in the aforementioned provinces and eastern regions of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, conducted in 2004 and 2005, 108 slaughterhouse workers from 24 cities of the three previously mentioned provinces were randomly entered into the study. An IgG specific ELISA test was carried out on the participants' serum samples. Sixteen out of 108 [14.8%] participants under study were shown to have IgG against CCHF. The highest rate of infection was seen in Razavi Khorasan and southern Khorasan at 17.5% and 16.7%, respectively. The study showed a relatively high frequency of this disease amongst slaughterhouse workers in these provinces. Taking into account the small number of reported cases from these provinces, it would seem that more focus is required on primary diagnosis and on referral of suspected patients

Comparison of tooth size discrepancy in Cl two malocclusion patients with normal occlusions

Statement of Problem: There must be a proper mesiodistal tooth size ratio [Bolton analysis] between maxillary and mandibular teeth for good occlusal interdigitation. Therefore the Bolton analysis should be considered during diagnosis, treatment planning and predication of ultimate results

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to appraise tooth size ratios in Cl II malocclusion group and compare them with normal individuals

Materials and Method: This study was carried out on 60 pre-treatment orthodontic casts of class II malocclusion patients and 60 diagnostic casts of normal occlusion individuals which were selected through cluster sampling in accordance with the selective criteria. Each group consisted of 30 men and 30 women. The greatest mesiodistal diameters of all the teeth on each cast were measured by a digital caliper with 0.01mm accuracy except the second and third molars. Then tooth size ratios were analyzed as Bolton described. The statistical analysis were performed by chisquare and t-tests using SPSS

Results: The prevalence of anterior and overall tooth size discrepancy was relatively high [28.3%, 20%], showing no significant difference between men and women [p> 0.05]. The mean of anterior and overall tooth- size ratios in Cl II malocclusion group were 79.18 and 92.39 respectively, which were statistically different from the Bolton study [ideal occlusion] ratios [p< 0.05].There were no statistical difference between the means of anterior and overall ratios of men and women, neither in Cl II malocclusion group nor in the normal individual group [p> 0.05]

Conclusion: Considering the high frequency of tooth size discrepancy among CLII patients and the significant difference in Bolton ratios between this malocclusion and ideal occlusions; it seems that tooth size discrepancy can be considered as a possible etiologic factor and Bolton analysis should be performed as a pre-treatment diagnostic tool for this type of malocclusion

[Clients and beneficiaries satisfaction and its effective factors in clients and visitors in physiotherapy section of red crescent society of Hamedan]

Nowadays, it is believed that customer-oriented culture should be considered as a main program in organizations. Thus, this paper aims to study the satisfaction and its effective factors among clients and beneficiaries at physiotherapy section of Red Crescent society of Hamedan Township. In this applied survey research, data was collected by the researcher-made questionnaire. About 210 clients and beneficiaries of physiotherapy section were chosen in 2010; then 66 persons were selected and studied based on Cochran formula. The results show that complete satisfaction of respondents was above average in terms of gender, education and age [over 3 with criterion of 5]; however, there was a meaningful relationship between clients' satisfaction with participation in care process, the efficiency of rehabilitation equipment, regulations and discipline in dealing with clients, persistence, seriousness and enthusiasm in offering services to the clients and also the center self directed in providing services. According to the results, the mangers should attempt to improve beneficiaries and clients satisfaction with their participation in some activities including healing process, improvement of rehabilitation equipment quality, providing timely services, observing regulations and discipline in dealing with clients, having the emotional relationship with patients

Radiological frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis in patients referred to Qazvin Dental School [2009]

Idiopathic osteosclerosis is a common radioopaque lesion of the jaw. This lesion is asymptomatic and usually discovered on different radiographs quite by accident. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiographic characteristics of idiopathic osteosclerosis in jaw bones in patients referred to Department of Radiology at Qazvin Dental School. This was a descriptive study performed on 820 panoramic radiographs of 325 male and 465 female patients referred to radiology department for variety of reasons. The radiographs, prepared by different methods, were examined for detecting idiopathic osteosclerosis. Information regarding each radiograph such as the location, number, structure, kind of relation to adjacent teeth, and density [trabecular-cortical] as well as the information on patients' sex and age were registered. Using SPSS version 16, the desired frequency was calculated. Due to the descriptive nature of the study, no special statistical test was used. Of total radiographs, in 87 patients [10/61%], there were 97 idiopathic osteosclerosis lesions at different sites and shapes with demarcated border [50.52%] and trabecular density [54.52%]. Of patients, 58.63% were females and 41.37% males. Most lesions were in the lower jaw especially in first [30.93%] and second molars region [24.75%] and frequently not associated with the adjacent teeth [35.05%]. These lesions were more common in patients at their fourth and fifth decades of life. Based on our results it was revealed that the idiopathic osteosclerosis lesions are more frequent in lower jaw especially in molar areas and it is more common in women compared to men

problem of mixing up of leishmania isolates in the laboratory: suggestion of ITS1 gene sequencing for verification of species

Leishmaniasis is endemic in Iran. Different species of Leishmania [L.] parasites are causative agents of this disease. Correct identification of Leishmania species is important for clinical studies, prevention, and control of the diseases. Mix up of Leishmania isolates is possible in the laboratory, so there is need for verification of species for isolates of uncertain identity. Different methods may be used for this purpose including isoenzyme electrophoresis and molecular methods. The isoenzyme electrophoresis, due to its drawbacks, is feasible only in specialized laboratories while molecular methods may be more feasible. The aim of this research was to study the application of the internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS1] sequencing method, in comparison to isoenzyme electrophoresis method, for verification of Leishmania species. Six Leishmania isolates were received from different research institutions in Iran. The species of these isolates were known by donating institution according to their isoenzyme profile. The species of these isolates were re-identified in Pasteur Institute of Iran by PCR amplification of ITS1 followed by sequencing and comparison of these sequences with Leishmania sequences in GenBank. Isoenzyme electrophoresis confirmed the confirmation of the results of ITS1. ITS1 sequence showed that some isolates were mixed up or contaminated with Crithidia. Isoenzyme electrophoresis confirmed the results of ITS1 sequences. ITS1 Sequencing is relatively more feasible than the traditional isoenzyme electrophoresis method and is suggested for verification of Leishmania species