ABSTRACT
Scrophularia striata plant containing anti-inflammatory compounds and have nitric oxide production inhibiting properties. So can be an analgesic and act particularly on inflammatory kind of pain. The effect of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Scrophularia striata was investigated on pain with formalin test in the male rats. In this study 40 Wistar male rats [250 to 300 g] were used and 8 animals were divided into five groups: 1.Control: [solvent], 2- Diclofenac [5 mg/kg], 3 - 6. Groups: Use extract with doses 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg intraperitoneally. At test time, the extract solved with 10 microl DMSO and diluted by adding PBS and injected into the peritoneum [0.5 ml volume]. After 30 minute, 50 microl formalin 2.5% injected to the right foot floor subcutaneously and the animal's pain behavior were recorded every 15 seconds for about 60 minutes. The final data of both acute and chronic pain phases were analyzed separately by using one-way ANOVA. In the acute phase, administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of Scrophularia striata decreased symptoms of pain than the control group [p <0.05, p <0.01]. In the chronic phase, the extract caused a significant reduction in pain scores compared to controls, especially in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg [p <0.01]. Our results showed that peripheral injection of ethanolic extracts of Scrophularia striata can significantly produces analgesic effects and provides most pain alleviation on the chorionic phase of the formalin test
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Pain , Pain Management , Rats, Wistar , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Plants, Medicinal , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Matricaria chamomilla [MC] has a series of flavonoid compounds with benzodiazepine-like properties. So it may be effective in the treatment of epilepsy and seizures. We evaluate the effect of intraperitoneally injection of hydroalcoholic chamomilla extract on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in male rats. In this study, 56 male rats [200 - 250 g] were divided into to seven groups [n = 8]: 1 - control [saline] 2 - MC 50 mg/kg, 3 - MC 100 mg/kg, 4 - MC 200 mg/kg, 5 - MC 500 mg/kg, 6 - Diazepam [0.2 mg/kg], 7 - Flumazenil [0.5 mg/kg] + MC 200. All groups received PTZ [65 mg/kg/ip] 30 minutes after material injection and the animal's convulsive behavior were recorded. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS software with using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The administration of hydroalcoholic extracts of chamomile, delayed onset of tonic seizures in the animal's anterior limb and body at all used dosages. This effect was significant at doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg, in compare with control group. Also the extract of chamomile reduced the total duration of seizure and the duration of tonic -colonic seizures dose - dependently, that were significant at 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg of dosage. Intra-peritoneal administration of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract can effectively reduce seizures that induced by PTZ in rats. Here by, it is recommended to identify its effective components by conducting complementary research
ABSTRACT
Epilepsy has prevalence about 0.5 - 1% of world population. From many years ago, plants used to treat of various neurological diseases such as seizures. The anticonvulsant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum Sonbolii was examined in male mice. 60 mice were randomly divided into six groups [n=10], included: A control group [normal saline] and 5 groups receiving Sonbolii extract [150, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg/kg]. 30 min after peritoneal injection of different doses extract or saline, PTZ [85 mg/kg] were injected and the animal immediately transferred to a special cage, and the seizure behavior was evaluated within 30 minutes. The tonic and colonic seizures were significantly reduced in the groups that received extract compared to control group. The onsets of seizures were difference between treated and control animals statistically. Extract were reduced the rate of death during seizures and was prevented the outbreak of tonic - colonic seizures in some case. Our results showed that the extracts of Tanacetum Sonbolii have strong anticonvulsant effect, and more complementary studies will be done for identifying the mechanism of action and effective material of Sonbolii exact
ABSTRACT
Glycyrrhiza glabra contain antioxidant and phytoestrogens with cell protective properties. So its consumption during pregnancy may be effective on the mental features of who birthed. We evaluated the effect of glycyrrhiza glabra consumption during pregnancy on memory retrieval of the second generated mice. We used 15 females and 6 male mice [NMRI] with 20-30 gr weight. Pregnancy confirmed after coupling with vaginal plaque formation. Then the mice were singly caged and randomly assigned to 3 equal groups: Control, sham [solvent gavage] and treatment group [aqueous extract of glycyrrhiza root with 150 mg oral daily treatment from 3 until 19 day of gestation]. Two mounts after birthing, the offspring's were randomly assigned to 2 male and female groups and introduced to the memory retrieval test with using the shuttle box. The data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and Tukey test by using SPSS software. The delay time for entering on the dark room were increased in male mice that exposed to extracts of glycyrrhiza during pregnancy in comparison to control group and it was significant in the period 1 and 2 weeks after training [p <0.05]. The latency for entering on the dark chamber was increased on the female animals that exposed with extract during pregnancy in comparison of the control group. This difference was significant in periods of 24 hours and 2 weeks after training [p<0.01, p<0.05]. The prenatal consumptions of aqueous extract of the glycyrrhiza can increase memory retrieval of both sexes
ABSTRACT
Opiates have complex effects on seizure activity. They have both anti- and proconvulsive effects depending on experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of morphine and naloxon on spontaneous seizure activity in mouse brain hippocampal slices. Spontaneous epileptic activity in the brain hippocampal slices of mouse was induced by continuous perfusion of low magnesium artificial cerebrospinal fluid [low -Mg[2+] ACSF]. Extra cellular recordings were performed in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell layer to account for the effects of the drugs on amplitude, duration and number of the ictal events as well as number of interictal spikes. Application of morphine had a biphasic effect on the recorded spontaneous seizure-like events. In a low concentration [10 microM], morphine decreased seizure activity. Higher morphine concentrations [30 and 100 microM] enhanced seizure activity in an apparent dose-dependent manner. Naloxone, a nonselective opiate antagonist, blocked the proconvulsant action of morphine. The results of this study showed that the effect of morphine on seizure in mouse is dose dependent. In other words, low systemic doses of morphine have anticonvulsant effects while high doses are proconvulsant
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Seizures , Mice , Hippocampus , Brain , Naloxone , CA1 Region, Hippocampal , MagnesiumABSTRACT
Opiates have complex effects on seizure activity. They have both anti-and proconvulsive effects depending on experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of morphine and naloxon on spontaneous seizure activity in mouse brain hippocampal slices. Spontaneous epileptic activity in the brain slices of mouse was induced by continuous perfusion of low magnesium artificial cerebrospinal fluid [low-Mg2+ACSF]. Extra cellular recordings were performed in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell layer to account for the effects of the drugs on amplitude, duration and number of the ictal events as well as number of interictal spikes. Application of morphine had a biphasic effect on the recorded spontaneous seizure-like events. In a low concentration [10 micro M], morphine decreased seizure activity. Higher morphine concentrations [30 and 100 micro M] enhanced seizure activity in an apparent dose-dependent manner. Naloxone, a nonselective opiate antagonist, blocked the proconvulsant action of morphine. The results of this study showed that the effect of morphine on seizure in mouse is dose dependent. In other words, low systemic doses of morphine have anticonvulsant effects while high doses are proconvulsant
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Glutamatergic system has a role on morphine withdrawal sign, and magnesium has inhibitory effect on the NMDA receptors of glutamatergic system. The present study aimed to determine the effects of magnesium injection on morphine withdrawal signs in male and female rats
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 Male and female rats [200-250 gr] were used. The animals divided into 6 equal groups: two male and female control groups received normal saline; two male and female groups receiving magnesium sulfate 150 mg/kg; and the last two groups receiving magnesium sulfate 300 mg/kg. All groups received 3% sucrose in tap water with morphine 0.4mg/ml [for 21 days] to become addicted. In the end of 21st day, NS or magnesium administrated 30 min before naloxone [2mg/kg] and then withdrawal signs evaluated for next 30 min. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using ANOVA and complementary tests with p<0.05 as significant
Results: The results of this study showed that the injection of magnesium in dose of 150 mg/kg could significantly reduce many withdrawal symptoms in male addicted rats [Jumping 62.96% [2.5 +/- 1.14], standing 45.4% [6.62 +/- 1.45]] and in female addicted rats [Jumping 77.75% [1.25 +/- 0.54], climbing 24.51% [8.87 +/- 1.65], standing 52.57% [5.57 +/- 1.26]]. The injection of magnesium with dose of 300 mg/kg also reduced dramatically withdrawal symptoms in male rats [Jumping 87.03% [6.75 +/- 1.66], climbing 34.34% [12.87 +/- 1.27], standing 56.12% [12.125 +/- 1.27]] and female rats [Jumping 84.43% [0.875 +/- 0.25], climbing 36.17% [7.5 +/- 1.08], standing 69.07 % [3.75 +/- 0.64]]. The administration of magnesium in both doses caused a significant reduction of most withdrawal symptoms, and its effect on both sexes was almost similar
Conclusions: It seems that the injection of magnesium during morphine withdrawal can considerably reduce the symptoms of withdrawal syndrome in rats
ABSTRACT
For long time medical scientists have speculated about alleviation of pain so that they have attempted to prescribe a potent analgesic with the least side effects. There are some records in Iranian traditional medicine showing that Elaeagnus angustifolia L. decreases inflammation and pain. Therefore, in this study the analgesic effect of the aqueous extracts of E. angustifolia leaves was evaluated on male rats. The analgesic effect of the extract was studied using formalin test on 35 male rats. Decoction extracts of the leaves with 25, 50, 100 [mg/kgw/ip] concentration were prepared and used. The reaction of the extracts against pain were assessed in comparison to a routine non-steroid anti-inflammatory and pain drug [Diclofenac 5 mg/kgw/hp]. The extract had a significant and dose-dependent analgesic effect on both pain phases that were induced by formalin and it was more potent than the effect of Diclofenac. The extract of E. angustifolia leaves has the optimal reaction against pain and this effect is produced peripherally and centrally. The E. angustifolia leaves contain flavonoids and terpenoids and the analgesic effect of extract is probably from the anti-inflammatory reactions of these materials