ABSTRACT
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection poses multiple challenges for treatment, and has a high mortality. MDR-TB coinfection with HIV has been reported in African children. In India, we did not come across any report of HIV and MDRTB coinfection in children, though such coinfection has been reported in adults. A 9-year-old HIV-infected girl requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART) developed MDR-TB and responded to second-line antituberculous therapy.
Subject(s)
Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Coinfection , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/complications , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapyABSTRACT
Multiple studies have been conducted to demonstrate the role of viruses in causing biliary atresia. Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to cause intrahepatic bile duct destruction, its role in biliary atresia is not proven. We report two cases of CMV infection, initially presenting with intrahepatic cholestasis, who subsequently developed biliary atresia.