ABSTRACT
This cross-sectional survey determined the dental prevalence of apical periodontitis [AP] in selected Iranian population, and evaluated the influence of the quality of root canal treatment [RCT] and their coronal restorations [CR] on the periapical status. A total of 1064 panoramic radiographies were evaluated by two observers during 2009. The quality of RCT i.e. length/density of root fillings and CR in addition to periapical status of endodontically treated teeth were recorded. Their interrelationship was analyzed by Chi-squared, logistic regression and Spearman's rho statistics. Hosmer and Lemeshow tests were used for assessing fitness of logistic regression model and one sample k-s test was used for evaluating of normality of the data. Our results showed that 527 teeth [52%] of the endodontically treated teeth presented with AP radiographically. The percentages of teeth which fulfilled the criteria of an acceptable RCT or CR radiographically were 42.3 and 62.5 respectively. Incidence of AP among teeth with acceptable RCT [29.1%] was significantly lower than those suffering from unacceptable RCT [68.8%] [P<0.001]. Moreover, adequate CR demonstrated a significantly better periapical status [58.6%] compared to teeth with inadequate CR [30.3%] [P<0.001]. The incidence of AP ranged from 25.6% [good qualities] to 79.5% [bad qualities] [P<0.001]. Cases with both unacceptable RCT/CR were 11 times more likely to have AP than cases with acceptable RCT/CR. The quality of RCT and CR were found to impact the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth. There are a significant high number of technically unacceptable endodontic and restorative treatments in Iran; therefore considerable efforts are needed to improve the standards of endodontic and restorative treatments
ABSTRACT
The aim of this in vivo study was to determine the effect of demineralized bone matrix [DBM] on alveolar bone repair in type I diabetic rats. This study was carried out on 40 adult [8 weeks-old] albino rats with an average weight of 200-250 grams. The animals were divided into four groups [n=10] as follows: group 1 nondiabetic rats, group 2, 3 and 4 were diabetic rats, group 4 rats took one unit of insulin daily. Diabetes was induced by Alloxan Monohydrate through the tail veins of the rats in groups 2-4. Only group 4 received insulin NPH 1 unit daily. After 10 days, the upper right incisors of all samples were extracted and the socket was filled with DBM in groups 3 and 4. The animals were sacrificed at the end of week 1 and 2. The specimens were prepared and stained with H and E. Histological results of group 4 displayed osteoblastic activity and bone formation with collagen fibers at the end of the first week and thick bone trabeculae formation in vicinity of DBM at the end of second week. In group 3, DBM showed some osteoinductivity at the end of the first week, but in some regions DBM particles were degraded by osteoclastic activity. Bone trabeculae formed with a dispersed and separate pattern at the end of second week. In group 2 hematoma and inflammation were dominant histological features at the end of first and second weeks; poor bone formation was detected in these two groups [2 and 3]. In group 1, the results were as expected. It seems demineralized bone matrix simulate osteoblastic activity