Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Analysis of Callus Extracts of Biophytum sensitivum (Linn) DC.

Aims: In vitro studies are highly instrumental in selecting a drug for a particular disease and also in getting the preliminary evidence to proceed for further In vivo pharmacological research. Hence, the study is designed to screen and identify the therapeutic suitability of this plant extract for the treatment of a particular disease. And to find out the presence of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of leaf callus cultures of Biophytum sensitivum Linn. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, India during June 2010 to Dec 2010. Methodology: Here we induced the callus from the leaf explants of this species on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA and NAA. BA 1.0 mg/l with NAA 1.0mg/l is the best concentration for optimal results. The callus was extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol for 24h by using Soxhlet apparatus. These extracts were used to investigate the presence of phytochemicals which was performed according to the Aiyelaagbe and Osamudiamen [29] and Egwaikhide et al. [30] methods. The mean values were statistically analyzed with the MINITAB 14 by the general one way (un stacked) analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out the most effective extracts Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of various solvent extracts showed the presence of phytochemicals viz., Terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, quinones and phenols. All the extracts except hexane showed highest zone of inhibition against gram positive and gram negative bacteria (4.46-22.9mm) as well as fungi (7.64-144.4mm) by agar well diffusion method at 100ppm concentrations. The results of present study indicate that the callus of this plant is a potential source of antimicrobial agents and drugs and need to be investigated further. Conclusion: From the present study, it is evident that, the antibacterial active constituent of Biophytum sensitivum is having a constant expression pattern over different pathogens. This plant leaf callus can be further subjected to enhancement and isolation of the therapeutic antimicrobials and carry out further pharmacological evaluation.

In vitro Pharmacological Investigations of Using Leaf Callus Extracts of Canthium parviflorum Lam.

Aims: The Canthium parviflorum Lam. is an important medicinal plant extensively used in traditional oriental herbal medicines. It is important to screen for the novel biological activities and novel chemical constituents to further validate the use of this plant extract. This was mainly intended to screen in vitro pharmacological activities with callus extracts of Canthium parviflorum. Experiments were designed according to the standard methods and processes. Place and Duration of Study: The Pharmacology Department of Laila Research Centre in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India between September-October 2012. Methodology: Callus was induced from leaf explants of Canthium parviflorum on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the compounds were extracted from dried callus using methanol solvent with Soxhlet apparatus. Results: The Graph pad Prism Version‑5 software was used to analyze data in the form of figures. The callus extract was potentially inhibited the 5- Lipoxygenase inhibitory enzyme at significantly less IC50 value that was comparable with the standard drug inhibition. In addition, this extract was exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity with less LC50 value. However, this callus extract was shown very low potency in inhibiting the enzymes of acetyl cholinesterase, tyrosinase, alpha-glucosidase. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that callus extract of Canthium parviflorum shown more potent inhibition of 5-LOX and also remarkable cytotoxicity to be further screened for in vivo anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity.