ABSTRACT
Resumo O internato médico em Medicina Geral e Familiar transformou-se entre 1981 e 2010 de um internato hospitalar de três anos para um internato baseado nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários de quatro anos. Em 2015 e 2019 o programa foi revisto e introduziram-se novos métodos de avaliação. A Coordenação de Internato Médico de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo gere a formação de 850 médicos internos, e, perante o aumento no número de médicos internos e com as alterações no programa, organizou a sua metodologia de trabalho à volta de 4 focos de intervenção: 1) Equipas Regionais; 2) Comunicação e decisão; 3) Colaboração interinstitucional; 4) Organização da equipa central em 5 pilares - a capacidade formativa, a formação de médicos internos, a avaliação contínua, a formação de médicos orientadores e a avaliação final. Entre 2019 e 2023 foi possível capacitar as equipas regionais, melhorar os processos de tomada de decisão, uniformizar o internato médico, e, a nível central, reforçar a quantidade e qualidade de vagas, aumentar a formação para médicos internos e orientadores, criar equipas de avaliação contínua e contribuir significativamente para o processo de avaliação final a nível nacional.
Abstract The General and Family Medicine practice residency program was transformed between 1981 and 2010 from a hospital-based 3-year training to a primary health care-based four-year training. In 2015 and 2019, the curriculum changed, and new evaluation methods were introduced. The Lisbon and Tagus Valley Family Practice Residency Coordination manages 850 residents in training, and due to the increase in the number of residents and changes in the curriculum, focused their team on 4 intervention areas: 1) Regional Teams; 2) Communication and Decision; 3) Collaboration; 4) Organizing the Central team around 5 pillars - training capacity, training residents, continuing assessment, training the supervisors, and final assessment. Between 2019 and 2023, they managed to empower the regional teams, improve decision-making, standardized residency programs, and, at the central level, increased the quality and number of the training slots, increased training opportunities for residents and teachers, created continuous evalutaion teams, and contributed significantly to the national final assessment process.
Resumen El internado médico en medicina general y de familia se transformó, entre 1981 y 2010, de un internado hospitalario de tres años a un internado basado en la atención primaria de cuatro años. En 2015 y 2019, el programa fue revisado y se introdujeron nuevos métodos de evaluación. La Coordinación del Internado Médico de Lisboa y Valle del Tajo gestiona la formación de 850 médicos internos y, ante el aumento en el número de médicos internos y las modificaciones en el programa, organizó su metodología de trabajo en torno a cuatro focos de intervención: 1) equipos regionales; 2) comunicación y toma de decisiones; 3) colaboración interinstitucional; 4) organización del equipo central, en cinco pilares: la capacidad formativa, la formación de médicos internos, la evaluación continua, la formación de médicos tutores y la evaluación final. Entre 2019 y 2023 se logró capacitar a los equipos regionales, mejorar los procesos de toma de decisiones, estandarizar el internado médico y, a nivel central, reforzar la cantidad y calidad de plazas, aumentar la formación para médicos internos y tutores, crear equipos de evaluación continua y contribuir de manera significativa al proceso de evaluación final a nivel nacional.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dentists and dental undergraduate students know the terminology of the International Caries Consensus Collaboration (ICCC), and make their restorative treatment decisions regarding carious tissue removal accordingly. Data collection was performed using an electronic questionnaire, considering: a) profile of the respondent; b) analysis of four clinical cases with respect to possible management strategies; and c) questions on cariology field terminology. Sample size consisted of 175 dentists and 66 last semester dental students. Statistical analyses were performed comparing profile, type of institution and dental specialty of the participants. Results showed students were less conservative and agreed less with the ICCC than dentists, and private schools, less than public institutions. Private institutions were 12% (95%CI = 0.833-0.949; p = 0.000) more likely to be less updated with the ICCC recommendations than public institutions, and dentists were 20% more likely to agree with them than students (95%CI = 1.118-1.302; p = 0.000). Dentists were 66% more likely to be conservative than students (95%CI = 0.203-0.554; p = 0.000); dentists and students who graduated or were graduating from public universities were twice as likely to be conservative as those from private universities (95%CI = 1.336-3.333; p = 0.001). In conclusion, students in the last semester are less conservative than dentists, and respondents who graduated or were graduating from public dental schools were more aligned with the current concepts of the ICCC. Several answers were not aligned with ICCC directives, thus showing that management of deep carious lesions still causes restorative therapeutic insecurity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Dental , Dental Caries , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Practice Patterns, Dentists' , Consensus , DentistsABSTRACT
Nutrient profiling is an important tool for governments, non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) and for the food industry, to help consumers make healthier food choices. Multiple nutrient profiling systems (NPS) have been introduced worldwide. There is, however, no agreement on the use of a single NPS in leading regions like the USA and Europe. In 2008, the Arrow Model of Verhagen and van den Berg was created to illustrate and compare characteristics of existing NPS. Recent developments in nutrient profiling give rise to the need for an updated Model. The present study aims to develop a comprehensive model, which can be used to explain and compare various front-of-pack nutrient profiling systems (FOP-NPSs). An extensive literature research was conducted to obtain an overview of existing FOP-NPS worldwide. Only FOP-NPS that are currently in use, focus on health-related product aspects and target the general population (adults and children) were included. The Funnel Model was developed based on the analysis of 40 existing FOP-NPSs and expert interviews. This Model illustrates different FOP-NPS and allows comparison among them. The Funnel Model includes several new characteristics compared to the Arrow Model. Numerous ingredients and four new characteristics were added to the Funnel Model: directivity, type of institution initiating the system, purpose and utilization. Several other characteristics were expanded with new elements. The Funnel Model also has a new visual presentation which is useful to clearly explain and compare FOP-NPS.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSES: To determine both the incidence of adverse reactions in patients who underwent fluorescein angiography for the first time and to determine whether systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes or allergy history increases the chance of reaction to intravenous fluorescein. METHODS:Data collection was carried out between January 2001 and October 2002 in Recife, Brazil. Patients with prior fluorescein angiography history, pregnant patients or patients in use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive or antihistamine drugs were excluded. RESULTS: Out of 1,500 enrolled patients, 1,039 (69.3 percent) underwent the test for the first time. The mean age was 58 ± 16 years and the median age was 60 years. Of these, 628 (60.4 percent) were women. Nausea occurred in 71 (6.83 percent) patients, vomiting in 14 (1.35 percent), urticaria in 11 (1.06 percent), bronchospasm in 4 (0.38 percent) and laryngeal edema in 1 (0.01 percent). Five patients presented more than one adverse reaction. Higher incidences of adverse reactions were observed in diabetic patients [p<0.002, RR=1.80 (CI=1.24-2.60)], patients with systemic arterial hypertension [p<0.002, RR=1.84 (CI=1.26-2.71)] and patients with allergy history [p<0.001, RR=3.90 (CI=2.70-5.63)]. CONCLUSIONS: A cumulative incidence of 9.72 percent adverse reactions was observed in patients who had undergone this test for the first time. The presence of the allergy history, diabetes or systemic arterial hypertension increased the incidence of adverse reactions to the dye.
OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência de reações adversas em pacientes submetidos à angiofluoresceinografia pela primeira vez e determinar se hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes ou história de alergia aumentam a chance de reações à fluoresceína intravenosa. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro de 2001 e outubro de 2002 em Recife, Brasil. Pacientes com angiofluoresceinografia prévia, gestantes ou pacientes em uso de medicamentos corticosteróides, imunossupressores ou anti-histamínicos foram excluídos. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.500 pacientes iniciais, 1.039 (69,3 por cento) realizavam o exame pela primeira vez. A idade média foi de 58 ± 16 anos e a mediana de 60 anos. Dentre esses, 628 (60,4 por cento) pessoas eram do sexo feminino. Náusea ocorreu em 71 (6,83 por cento) pacientes, vômito em 14 (1,35 por cento), urticária em 11 (1,06 por cento), broncoespasmo em 4 (0,38 por cento) e edema de laringe em 1 (0,01 por cento). Cinco pacientes apresentaram mais de uma reação adversa. Maiores incidências de reações adversas foram observadas em diabéticos [p<0,002, RR=1,80 (IC=1,24-2,60)], hipertensos [p<0,002, RR=1,84 (IC=1,26-2,71)] e pacientes com história de alergia [p<0,001, RR=3,90 (IC=2,70-5,63)]. CONCLUSÕES: Uma incidência cumulativa de 9,72 por cento de reações adversas foi observada em pacientes submetidos à angiofluoresceinografia pela primeira vez. Presença de história de alergia, diabetes ou hipertensão arterial aumentou a incidência de reações adversas ao contraste.