Single Exposure to Cocaine Impairs Reinforcement Learning by Potentiating the Activity of Neurons in the Direct Striatal Pathway in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Plasticity in the glutamatergic synapses on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is not only essential for behavioral adaptation but also extremely vulnerable to drugs of abuse. Modulation on these synapses by even a single exposure to an addictive drug may interfere with the plasticity required by behavioral learning and thus produce impairment. In the present work, we found that the negative reinforcement learning, escaping mild foot-shocks by correct nose-poking, was impaired by a single in vivo exposure to 20 mg/kg cocaine 24 h before the learning in mice. Either a single exposure to cocaine or reinforcement learning potentiates the glutamatergic synapses on MSNs expressing the striatal dopamine 1 (D1) receptor (D1-MSNs). However, 24 h after the cocaine exposure, the potentiation required for reinforcement learning was disrupted. Specific manipulation of the activity of striatal D1-MSNs in D1-cre mice demonstrated that activation of these MSNs impaired reinforcement learning in normal D1-cre mice, but inhibition of these neurons reversed the reinforcement learning impairment induced by cocaine. The results suggest that cocaine potentiates the activity of direct pathway neurons in the dorsomedial striatum and this potentiation might disrupt the potentiation produced during and required for reinforcement learning.

Observation on the effect of misoprostol combined with psychological intervention on the treatment of the patients with induced abortion / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the effect of misoprostol combined with psychological intervention on the patients with induced abortion.Methods 200 cases with intrauterine pregnancy in the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical university from March 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the research object in this study.They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 100 cases in each group.After using iodophor to rinse the vagina, 600ug misoprostol were placed in posterior vaginal fornix in the experimental group 2 hours before operation.Before the operation, the nursing staff should inform the patient of the relevant surgical attention points, eliminate the negative emotions such as anxiety and anxiety, and improve the treatment compliance.During the operation, the nursing staff should pay attention to the psychological state of the patients.The control group were given lidocaine locally.The clinical efficacy in the groups were compared.Results After treatment, the analgesia obvious effective rate in the experimental group was 38%, the analgesia effective rate was 52%.The analgesia obvious effective rate in the control group was 16%, the analgesia effective rate was 49%.The analgesic effect in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05).After treatment, the effective rate of cervical dilation in the experimental group was 45%, the effective rate was 66%.The degree of cervical dilatation in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group.The amount of intraoperative bleeding was significantly less than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Misoprostol combined with psychological intervention can improve the clinical effect of artificial abortion to a large extent, relieve the pain of patients and shorten the operation time.