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ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the health benefits of mindfulness interventions for older adults with insomnia disorders. MethodsThematic keyword search was conducted in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data, for literature on the impact of mindfulness intervention on sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, published up to August, 2023. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Insomnia disorders, sleep function and mindfulness interventions were coded using International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and International Classification of Health Interventions Beta-3； and a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA. ResultsNine researches from four countries were included, involving 800 participants, and all the researches were randomized controlled trials. The average score of PEDro scale was 7.1. The health-related conditions were insomnia disorders and insomnia disorders complicated with mild cognitive impairment. Mindfulness interventions used included mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness meditation. Interventions were implemented in institutions or health centers, care facilities, and community health service centers, varying from six to eight weeks. Health benefits of mindfulness intervention included improvements in sleep quality and psychological and behavioral health. ConclusionMindfulness interventions effectively improve sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, alleviate negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety and perceived stress, and improve the quality of life.
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ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment based on International Classification of Diseases, the 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Thematic keyword searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang data, for literature on the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment, published up to November 5th, 2023. Information on authors, countries, publication date, sample characteristics, study designs, intervention methods, measurement tools and outcomes were extracted. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsEight researches from six countries were included, which were all randomized controlled trials involving 356 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The articles were published from 2014 to 2020, with an average of 7.4 of the PEDro scale. Active music therapy was used by singing and playing instruments. Interventions took place in hospitals, nursing homes, and health centers. The intervention duration ranged from mostly 30 to 60 minutes a time, with a few 120 minutes a time. Interventions were implemented mostly one to three times a week, lasting from eight to twelve weeks. Health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function. ConclusionA theoretical framework for the benefits of active music therapy on the cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment has been constructed based on ICD-11 and ICF. Active music therapy can improve overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function for older adults with cognitive impairment.
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ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of psychological intervention on anxiety and depression in hearing-impaired children and adolescents. MethodsThe literature was researched from the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang Database on psychological intervention on anxiety and depression for hearing-impaired children and adolescents until July, 2023. After screening, author, country, study object, study design, intervention mode, outcome, and measurement tools were extracted from the literature. ResultsEight articles from three countries were included, including eight randomized controlled trials, involving 404 participants, publishing mainly from 2013 to 2023. The types of psychological intervention included family support education, emotional intelligence training, cognitive behavioral therapy, self-confidence group training, and play therapy, and so on, which improved social phobia, and relieved the levels of anxiety and depression of children and adolescents with hearing impairment. ConclusionPsychological intervention can effectively alleviate the anxiety and depression of children and adolescents with hearing impairment.
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ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the typical mental health conditions and psychological disorders of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), to construct a mental health service system and psychological interventions to these mental health conditions of children with IDD . MethodsBased on the framework of the World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs), the mental health conditions and related functioning were analyzed, and the mental health service framework and proposed mental health interventions were constructed.There were six main categories of mental health conditions for children with IDDConclusionThis study systematically analyzed the typical mental health status and related psychological functional impairments of children with IDD. Based on the World Health Organization health service system, a mental health service framework for children with IDD was constructed. Referring to the WHO's continuum of health services, a system of psychological intervention methods for children with IDD was established. Furthermore, the WHO-FICs were used to describe and code the functions of children with IDD, and the ICHI-β3 was applied to code and analyze the related psychological interventions. Resultsmood disorders (anxiety and depression), behavioral disorders (disruptive disorders and challenging behaviors, aggressive behaviors), traumatic disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder), mental disorders (schizophrenia), suicide and self-harm, and learning disabilities (developmental learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Mental health services for children with IDD involved in six dimensions: leadership and governance, fundraising, human resources, service delivery, mental health technologies, and information and research. Mental health services went through the continuum of health services from prevention, treatment, rehabilitation to health promotion. We delivered mental health services for children with IDD in three aspects: identifying and diagnosing mental health problems or conditions, analyzing the main factors caused mental health problems, and analyzing the environmental factors. Mental health service interventions mainly covered five categories: antidepressants, psychotherapy, stress management training, physical exercise training, healthy lifestyle education, consultation and support. Children with IDD may obtain the mental health services in hospitals, rehabilitation institutions, community and school settings.
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This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) and APS combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO1) in the colon tumor microenvironment. Sixty Balb/c mice were randomized into a blank group, a model group, an APS group, an APS + 5-FU group, an APS + low-dose 5-FU group, and a 5-FU group. A tumor model was established by subcutaneous transplantation with CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells in other groups except the blank group. After successful modeling, each group was treated with corresponding drugs for 7 days. The general condition, body weight, and tumor volume of the mice were observed and measured daily during the treatment period. The mice were sacrificed at the end of treatment, and the tumor suppression rate and spleen index of the mice were calculated. Western blot and fluorescence quantitative PCR were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels, respectively, of IDO1 in the tumor tissue of mice. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to measure the levels of tryptophan(Trp) and kynurenine(Kyn) in the tumor tissue of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the histological changes of the tumor tissue, and immunohistochemistry to detect the changes of CD4 and CD8 expression in the tumor tissue. Compared with that in the model group, the tumor volume of mice in each treatment group significantly reduced. The body weights of mice in APS + 5-FU group and 5-FU group significantly reduced from day 4 to day 7 of treatment. In addition, the APS + 5-FU group and 5-FU group showed significantly decreased spleen index. The protein and mRNA levels of IDO1 were significantly down-regulated in the APS, APS + 5-FU, and APS + low-dose 5-FU groups. The drug interventions significantly increased the Trp content and decreased the Kyn content. The APS + 5-FU group showed significantly reduced infiltration of CD4~+ T lymphocytes and increased infiltration of CD8~+ T lymphocytes. APS inhibited the expression of IDO1 in the colon tumor microenvironment to increase CD8~+ T lymphocyte infiltration, and the combination of APS with 5-FU demonstrated better effect.
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Mice , Animals , Tumor Microenvironment , Colonic Neoplasms/genetics , Fluorouracil/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolismABSTRACT
@#Objective To explore competency of professionals in rehabilitation psychology using Rehabilitation Competency Framework (RCF) and develop the curriculum system of rehabilitation psychology at graduate level.Methods Using RCF and Rehabilitation Competency Framework to a specific context, we constructed competency of professionals in rehabilitation psychology and education programme with the functioning framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in accordance with disciplinary development and vocational need.Results A competency framework for professionals in rehabilitation psychology based on RCF was constructed; the educational goals based on competency-based education (CBE) in accordance with vocational competency and job responsibilities had been formulated; the curriculum system of rehabilitation psychology was developed in rehabilitation psychology at graduate level based on RCF and CBE, to develop professionals of rehabilitation psychology work in a team.Conclusion Disciplinary development and vocational requirement are integrated in competency of professionals in rehabilitation psychology based on RCF, which provide theories and methods to develop graduate programme and curriculum in rehabilitation psychology.
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@#Objective To discuss the paradigm and contents of rehabilitation psychology using bio-psycho-social model of functioning, disability and health of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods In perspectives of rehabilitation sciences and psychological sciences, paradigm and contents of modern rehabilitation psychology with the functioning framework of ICF were constructed in accordance with the development of modern rehabilitation science. Results A holistic rehabilitation model was constructed based on ICF, involving the body, mind and environment. Based on the functional model of ICF, the main contents of modern rehabilitation psychology were not only related to the function and structure of the body, but also related to the activities and participation, and emphasized the interaction with environment. The modern rehabilitation psychology would not only research about the physical dysfunction, but also the intervention of activity and environment. Based on ICF, common terminology and coding methods might be used to enable rehabilitation psychologists to communicate with relevant professionals in the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of rehabilitation. Conclusion Constructing the theoretical framework and research paradigm of modern rehabilitation psychology based on ICF can form the system of rehabilitation psychology integrated with psychological science and rehabilitation science.
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Single-arm trial refers to a clinical trial design that does not set up parallel control group, adopts open design, and does not involve randomization and blind method. These features, on the one hand, speed up the process of clinical trials, significantly shorten the time to market and meet the needs of patients with advanced malignancies, but also lead to the uncertainty of single-arm clinical trials themselves. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration held a meeting of the oncologic drug advisory committee to discuss six tumor indications that have been accelerated approved, which once again triggered the discussion of single-arm trials. The basis of accelerated approval by single-arm trial is actually a compromise on the level of evidence-based medical evidence requirements after assessing the benefit risk. Therefore, the sponsor should strictly grasp the applicable conditions of single-arm trial in anti-tumor drugs and conduct single-arm trial scientifically. Post-marketing clinical trial should be implement as early as possible to ensure the benefit of patients. Based on the characteristics of single-arm trial, combined with two guidance relevant to single-arm trial issued by National Medical Products Administration recently, this article is supposed to propose and summarize the strategy of single-arm trial supporting the marketing of anti-tumor drugs.
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Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Marketing , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Research Design , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the safety of clinically-indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) in old adults.@*Methods@#Total of 1 627 patients with peripheral intravenous catheters in emergency wards at a tertiary hospital in shanghai were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (817 cases) and control group (810 cases) by random digits tale method. PIVCs in the experiment were replaced only when clinical indications appeared, while PIVCs in the control group were routinely changed every 72-96 hours. Indwelling time, complications associated with PIVCs and nurse compliance were compared after indwelling peripheral intravenous catheters.@*Results@#PIVC indwelling time was (3.43±1.36) days in the experimental group, and (3.18±1.16) days in the control group ,there was significant difference between two groups (t value was 4.07, P<0.05). The incidence of phlebitis, occlusion, infiltration, and accidental removal in experimental group was 11.26% (92/817), 17.97% (146/817), 10.77% (88/817), 3.91% (32/817), while in the control group 9.88% (80/810), 15.06% (122/810), 11.23% (91/810), 3.70% (30/810). The two groups showed no statistically difference in catheter phlebitis, occlusion, infiltration, and accidental removal (χ2 values were 0.82, 2.33, 0.09, 0.05, P>0.05). The severity of phlebitis in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group, and there was significant difference between two groups (χ2 value was 20.99, P<0.05). Nurse compliance achieved in the experimental group 100.00% (817/817) was higher than that in the control group 87.65% (710/810), which showed statistically difference (χ2 value was 107.47, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Indwelling time in the clinically- indicated replacement group was longer than that of the routine replacement group. Peripheral intravenous catheters in old adults can be remove as clinically-indicated with a close monitoring of complications.
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Objective:To evaluate the safety of clinically-indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) in old adults.Methods:Total of 1 627 patients with peripheral intravenous catheters in emergency wards at a tertiary hospital in shanghai were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (817 cases) and control group (810 cases) by random digits tale method. PIVCs in the experiment were replaced only when clinical indications appeared, while PIVCs in the control group were routinely changed every 72-96 hours. Indwelling time, complications associated with PIVCs and nurse compliance were compared after indwelling peripheral intravenous catheters.Results:PIVC indwelling time was (3.43±1.36) days in the experimental group, and (3.18±1.16) days in the control group ,there was significant difference between two groups ( t value was 4.07, P<0.05). The incidence of phlebitis, occlusion, infiltration, and accidental removal in experimental group was 11.26% (92/817), 17.97% (146/817), 10.77% (88/817), 3.91% (32/817), while in the control group 9.88% (80/810), 15.06% (122/810), 11.23% (91/810), 3.70% (30/810). The two groups showed no statistically difference in catheter phlebitis, occlusion, infiltration, and accidental removal ( χ2 values were 0.82, 2.33, 0.09, 0.05, P>0.05). The severity of phlebitis in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group, and there was significant difference between two groups ( χ2 value was 20.99, P<0.05). Nurse compliance achieved in the experimental group 100.00% (817/817) was higher than that in the control group 87.65% (710/810), which showed statistically difference ( χ2 value was 107.47, P<0.05). Conclusion:Indwelling time in the clinically- indicated replacement group was longer than that of the routine replacement group. Peripheral intravenous catheters in old adults can be remove as clinically-indicated with a close monitoring of complications.
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Objective:To compare the standards of intellectual impairment in China based on ICF to provide evidences for standardization of identification and services of intellectual impairment. Methods:The national standards of intellectual impairment or injury from Standard of Identification of Work Capacity: Identification Classification of DisabilityCaused by Work-related Injuries, Occupational Diseases and Classification of Impairment Related to Injury and China Insurance Disability Standard and Code were compared under the framework, terminology, coding and evaluation of ICF. Results:These three standards covered ICF three components, including body structure, body function, activity and participation, but not contextual factors. The terminology and coding system of China Insurance Disability Standard and Code came from ICF. However, there was no standardized terminology and coding system among sectors. The classification and evaluation for intellectual impairment were different among these three standards, that made it difficult to compare the outcome directly. Conclusion:It is proposed to adopt the ICF framework and approach to standardize the definition, terms, coding, and evaluation of intellectual impairment in disability standards in China to promote data exchange of evaluation and service among sectors.
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Objective:This paper reviewed the current development of education of physical therapy and discussed the growing demand for physical therapists and gaps of their professional education. It is crucial to reconstruct a framework and system of sciences and specialty in physical therapy at the undergraduate level using WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to meet the requirement of core competency of physiotherapist developed by World Confederation of Physical Therapy. The core curricula should be integrated into the conceptual framework and approaches of functioning and rehabilitation. Methods:Using ICF, the construction framework, system of specialty and development of curricula of physical therapy at undergraduate education had been proposed and reconstructed. Results:With the theories and approaches of modern pedology and curriculum theory and ICF, referenced by competency requirements for physical therapists from World Confederation of Physical Therapy, three core courses had been proposed and their content had been reconstructed, involving the theories, methods and practical skills in the fields of physical therapy. These courses include functional diagnosis, intervention and evaluation based on ICF. Conclusion:It is implicated from the theory and approaches of ICF that the education and professional training of physical therapy should be tailored to the needs of health-related services.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and blood lipid,C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA were enrolled consecutively from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program.The total dietary PUFA intake level was assessed by the food semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire.Venous blood samples were collected in the morning of the day after admission to the hospital to detect the levels of serum total cholesteroI,triacylglycerol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,Hcy,and CRP.According to the median level of total PUFA intake,the patients were divided into low PUFA group and high PUFA group.The rehtionship between PUFA intake and blood lipid,CRP and Hcy was analyzed by Spearman correhtion analysis,and multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent correhtion.Results A total of 170 patients (85.1％) with acute ischemic stroke and 31 patients with TIA (14.9％) were enrolled.Their age was 62.9 ± 14.1 years,143 were males (71.1％),and the median PUFA daily intake was 12.8 g (interquartile range:8.05-17.5 g).Compared with the high PUFA group (n =100),patients in the low PUFA group (n =101) were older,serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower,and CRP and Hcy levels were higher.The above differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that total dietary PUFA intake was significantly negatively correhted with the serum CRP (r =-0.24,P =0.001) and Hey (r =-0.17,P =0.013) levels,and there was no significant correlation with the blood lipid levels.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CRP was significantly negatively correlated with PUFA intake after adjusting for confounding factors (B =-0.28,P =0.012).Conclusions Dietary PUFA intake in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA may affect blood metabolism index and oxidative stress index.It is necessary to adjust the dietary structure of patients with low PUFA intake to reduce the risk of stroke recurrence.
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Objective To establish the theoretical framework and approaches of services provision of vocational rehabilitation (VR) for people with intellectual disability (ID) to promote the decent employment of people with ID.Methods The employment difficulties of people with ID had been analyzed using ICF, and the content and the procedure of VR for people with ID had been explored.Results According to ICF, the employment difficulties of people with ID included functioning, barriers of employment and environmental factors. VR services for people with ID included assessment of employment barriers and vocational capacity, vocational counseling, vocational skill development and training, vocational guidance, support and assistance service, VR and politics development and research. The procedures of VR services for people with ID included assessing employment difficulties and vocational abilities, establishing employment setting and target, planning and implementing individualized VR program, and follow-up services.Conclusion It is necessary to use ICF to develop structured and individualized VR framework and approaches of VR for people with ID.
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Objective To analyze the unmet needs of services and support, and design structured, standardrized and individualized service and support plans for people with intellectual disability using ICF framework.Methods In respective of intellectual function and adaptive behavior, a structured, standardrized and individualized service and support plan had been constructed according to process of individualized plan using ICF.Results Based on ICF model of functioning and disability, the structured and standardized service and support plan had been constructed, including functional diagnosis and service needs reporting, and individualized services protocols.Conclusion With the analysis of functioning and reporting of unmet needs of service using ICF, the structured, standardrised and individualized service and support plan can be developed to promote the total rehabilitation for people with intellectual disabilities.
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Objective To explore the assessment and classification for children aged 6-18 with severe intellectual disability.Methods A total of 36 children with severe intellectual disability were assessed with Wechsler Preschool and Primacy Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-Ⅳ) (CN) and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-Ⅱ) (CNC).Results The ratio intelligence quotient of WPPSI-Ⅳ was (32.4±4.91), consistent with the results from ABAS-Ⅱ.Conclusion WPPSI-Ⅳ and ABAS-Ⅱ can be used for assessment and classification of severity of intellectual disability for children aged 6-18 and intelligence quotient less than 45.
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Objective To review the nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria, classification and evaluation of intellectual disability using WHO ICD-11 and ICF.Methods The theories and approaches of ICD-11 and ICF were adopted to analyze the nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria, classification and evaluation of intellectual disability.Results ICD-11 and ICF had established the nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria, classification and evaluation of intellectual disability from the perspectives of content model of ICD-11 and functioning of ICF respectively. Intellectual disability had used nomenclature of disorder of intellectual development and one of sub-categories of mental, behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders. Intellectual disability was also defined as both impairment of intellectual function (b117) and functional limitation of adaptive behaviors (d1-d9) using ICF. Occurrence age of intellectual disability was before 18 years old for diagnostic criteria of ICD-11 and ICF.Conclusion The nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria and classifications of intellectual disability have been reviewed and updated using the theories and approaches of ICD-11 and ICF. It provides theoretical supports, approaches, and standardized tools for the development of rehabilitation service for people with intellectual disability.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)on pregnancy outcomes inpatients with uterine fibroids.METHODS:From October 2010 to October 2017,241 patients with uterine fibroids whowere pregnant after HIFU treatment in Suining Central Hospital and Chongqing Haifu Hospital were retrospectivelyanalyzed.The efficacy of HIFU ablation and the patient′s pregnancy outcomes were investigated.RESULTS:Among thesepatients,9 of them were conceived within 2 month after HIFU,24 were conceived between 2 and 4 months after HIFU,33 patients were conceived between 4 and 6 months,and 175 patients were conceived after 6 months of HIFU treatment.The median conception time was 9 months after HIFU(range:1 to 26 months).Among them,152 patients had deliveredbabies successfully,12 patients are still in pregnancy,3 patients had ectopic pregnancy,2 patients had incisionalpregnancy,72 patients had abortions,including 66 cases of induced abortion and 6 cases of spontaneous abortion.Causesof induced abortion included:embryonic development stopping(8 cases),increased vaginal bleeding(5 cases),hypothyroidism(1 case),use of drugs during pregnancy and being fear of fetal malformation(6 cases),and unplannedpregnancy(52 cases).Of the 152 patients who had delivered,147 had 148 full-term deliveries(1 had full-term deliverytwice)and 5 had preterm birth.No uterine rupture occured during pregnancy or childbirth,and the newborn is healthy.Before HIFU treatment,136 of 241 patients had a history of abnormal pregnancy,and only 17 of these patients hadabnormal pregnancy after HIFU treatment.The incidence of spontaneous abortion in patients after HIFU treatment wassignificantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:HIFU is a safe and effective treatment for patients whowish to have children.It can also improve the fertility of patients with a history of abnormal pregnancy,with no additionalobstetric risks.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and blood lipid, C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).@*Methods@#Patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA were enrolled consecutively from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. The total dietary PUFA intake level was assessed by the food semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected in the morning of the day after admission to the hospital to detect the levels of serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Hcy, and CRP. According to the median level of total PUFA intake, the patients were divided into low PUFA group and high PUFA group. The relationship between PUFA intake and blood lipid, CRP and Hcy was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation.@*Results@#A total of 170 patients (85.1%) with acute ischemic stroke and 31 patients with TIA (14.9%) were enrolled. Their age was 62.9±14.1 years, 143 were males (71.1%), and the median PUFA daily intake was 12.8 g (interquartile range: 8.05-17.5 g). Compared with the high PUFA group (n=100), patients in the low PUFA group (n=101) were older, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower, and CRP and Hcy levels were higher. The above differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that total dietary PUFA intake was significantly negatively correlated with the serum CRP (r=-0.24, P=0.001) and Hcy (r=-0.17, P=0.013) levels, and there was no significant correlation with the blood lipid levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CRP was significantly negatively correlated with PUFA intake after adjusting for confounding factors (B=-0.28, P=0.012).@*Conclusions@#Dietary PUFA intake in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA may affect blood metabolism index and oxidative stress index. It is necessary to adjust the dietary structure of patients with low PUFA intake to reduce the risk of stroke recurrence.
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Objective@#To investigate the discrepancy of crown-root morphology of upper and lower central incisors in adult patients with different skeletal malocclusions using cone-beam CT (CBCT).@*Methods@#Patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to December 2017 were selected, including 108 cases (52 males, 56 females, aged from 18 to 30 years, mean age 25.8 years). According to CBCT data and cephalometric analysis, 66 patients with average angle were selected as the sagittal skeletal group, including 24 Class Ⅰ patients, 20 Class Ⅱ and 22 Class Ⅲ patients. In the other selected 66 skeletal Class Ⅰ patients including 21 low angle patients, 24 average angle patients (from the sagittal skeletal Class Ⅰ subgroup) and 21 high angle patients. Invivo 5 software was used to locate the CBCT image three dimensionally and then obtain the middle labio-lingual section of right central incisor. Auto CAD 2007 software was applied to measure the angle formed by the long axis of root and the extension line of the long axis of crown (Collum angle), and the angle between the long axis of crown and the lip tangent line passing through the center of the labial surface of crown (labial surface angle). One-way ANOVA and Scheff were used to analyze the discrepancies among classifications and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between the Collum angles and labial surface angles.@*Results@#Significant differences were found in Collum angles and labial surface angles among different sagittal skeletal patterns (P<0.05). The Collum angle of maxillary central incisors in Class Ⅱ patients was 5.18°±4.97° and the average labial surface angle was 17.78°±3.74°, which were both significantly higher than that of maxillary central incisors in Class Ⅰ and Ⅲ subgroups (P<0.05). Similarly, the above two angles of mandibular central incisors in Class Ⅲ were 5.59°±5.64° and 15.32°±3.05°, which were significantly higher than that of mandibular central incisors in Class Ⅰ and Ⅱ subgroups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among different vertical skeletal patterns (P>0.05). Notably, the Collum angles of maxillary or mandibular central incisors presented significantly positive correlation with labial surface angles (maxillary: r=0.723, P<0.001; mandibular: r=0.752, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#The long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in skeletal Class Ⅱ patients and the mandibular central incisor in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients are obviously deviated toward the lingual side relative to the long axis of the root, and correspondingly there is a greater labial surface angle of the crown, which indicates that equivalent positioning deviation during bracket bonding can cause greater torque expression error.