Effects of compatibility ratio and processing method on contents of nine constituents in combination use of Toosendan Fructus and Foeniculi Fructus / 中成药

AIM To investigate the effects of different compatibility ratios and processing method on the content of rutin,isoquercetin,ferulic acid,quercetin,isotoosendanin,kaempferol,toosendanin,α-pinene,trans-anethole in the combination use of Toosendan Fructus and Foeniculi Fructus,and to explore the optimal compatibility ratio for its use.METHODS The analysis of HPLC-DAD was performed on a 30℃thermostatic ZORBAX SB C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the use of DAD detector.SPSS 24.0 software was used to analyze the data differences.RESULTS Nine constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 1),whose average recoveries were 96.19%-103.13%with the RSDs of 1.86%-2.67%.Generally higher total content of nine constituents were detected in the combination use groups when Toosendan Fructus-Foeniculi Fructus were at ratios of 1 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 2,and 2 ∶ 1 than those single uses(P<0.05),and among which the 1 ∶ 1 ratio contributed the highest total content.After salt processing,decreased content of toosendanin and isotoosendanin,α-pinene and trans-anethole(P<0.05,P<0.01)),increased isoquercetin content(P<0.01),and no significant content changes of other ingredients were detected.CONCLUSION Through this method of high accuracy and good reproducibility,we learn that the combination use of Toosendan Fructus and Foeniculi Fructus promotes the dissolution of the nine constituents,and the maximum content is achieved at ratio of 1 ∶ 1.

Establishment of a rat model of myocardial hypertrophy by a modified abdominal aortic coarctation method / 解剖学报

Objective To compare effectiveness between the modified and traditional pressure-overload myocardial hypertrophy(POMH) model by abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC) method. Methods Totally 45 rats were divided into three groups(n = 15 per group), sham group, traditional group, and modified group. In the traditional group, the diameter ol the abdominal aorta was narrowed to 0. 70 mm through a midline incision for 4 weeks; in the modified group, the diameter of the abdominal aorta was narrowed above the left kidney to 0. 45 mm for 1 week, and then the narrowing was lifted postoperatively. The cardiac index, heart weight (HW) /body weight (BW) and left ventricular index, left ventricular weight (LVW)/BW were measured from the heart specimens, and the cross-sectional area of cardiac myocytes, myocardial collagen area, and myocardial collagen area Iraction were measured in the pathological sections by HE staining and Masson staining. Results Compared with the sham group, the differences in end-systolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSs), left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWs), HW/BW, LVW/BW, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, myocardial collagen area, myocardial collagen area fraction, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression levels were statistically significant (P0. 05). Conclusion The modified abdominal aortic constriction method used in this experiment is time-saving, stable, homogeneous and easy to replicate, and is a more ideal approach to establish a rat model of POMH.

Efficacy of two kinds of posterior chamber intraocular lens fixation in the treatment of lens dislocation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the efficacy of 25-gauge(25G)vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens transciliary sulcus scleral suture fixation and sutureless scleral tunnel interlamellar fixation in the treatment of complete lens dislocation.METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. A total of 40 patients(40 eyes)diagnosed with complete lens luxation in the vitreous cavity in our hospital from May 2015 to September 2021 were selected, among which 21 eyes(suture group)underwent 25G vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens fixation via ciliary sulci scleral suture, and 19 eyes(sutureless group)underwent 25G vitrectomy combined with interlamellar scleral tunnel fixation of intraocular lens. The patients in both groups were followed up until 3mo after surgery to observe the operative time, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), corneal endothelial cell count(CECC), central corneal thickness(CCT)and postoperative complications.RESULTS: The operation time was significantly shorter in the sutureless group than in the suture group(31.79±6.01min vs. 45.38±8.04min, P&#x003C;0.001). BCVA in both groups was significantly improved after surgery(all P&#x003C;0.05), and the BCVA(LogMAR)at 1wk after operation in the sutureless group was significantly better than that in the suture group(0.32±0.14 vs. 0.57±0.25, P&#x003C;0.001). At 3mo after surgery, CECC in both groups was lower than that before surgery(all P&#x003C;0.01). The CCT at 1wk after operation in the suture group was greater than that before operation and at 3mo after operation(all P&#x003C;0.01), and there was no significant change in CCT before and after surgery in the sutureless group. During follow-up period, the total complication rate in the sutureless group was lower than that in the suture group(26% vs. 38%, P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION: 25G vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens sutureless scleral tunnel interlamellar fixation in the treatment of complete lens luxation has shorter operation time, faster postoperative visual acuity improvement and fewer postoperative complications.

Interpretation for indications of metabolic and bariatric surgery released by ASMBS and IFSO in 2022 / 中华胃肠外科杂志

With the increasing number of obese patients worldwide, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has quickly become an effective way to treat obesity and related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, etc. Although MBS has become an important part of general surgery, there is still controversy regarding the indications for MBS. In 1991, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued a statement on the surgical treatment of severe obesity and other related issues, which continues to be the standard for insurance companies, health care systems, and hospital selection of patients. The standard no longer reflects the best practice data and lacks relevance to today's modern surgeries and patient populations. After 31 years, in October 2022, the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO), the world's leading authorities on weight loss and metabolic surgery, jointly released new guidelines for MBS indications, based on increasing awareness of obesity and its comorbidities and the accumulation of evidence of obesity metabolic diseases. In a series of recommendations, the eligibility of patients for bariatric surgery has been expanded. Specific key updates include the following: (1) MBS is recommended for individuals with BMI≥35 kg/m2, regardless of the presence, absence, or severity of co-morbidities; (2) MBS should be considered for individuals with metabolic diseases and BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; (3) the BMI threshold should be adjusted for the Asian population:: BMI≥25 kg/m2 suggest clinical obesity, and BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 population should consider MBS; (4) Appropriately selected children and adolescents should be considered for MBS.

Effects of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata on proteomics and autophagy in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin / 中国中药杂志

To compare the pancreatic proteomics and autophagy between Rehmanniae Radix-and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-treated mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). The T2DM mouse model was established by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin(STZ, intraperitoneal injection, 100 mg·kg~(-1), once a day for three consecutive days). The mice were then randomly assigned into a control group, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) catalpol groups, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) 5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde(5-HMF) groups, and a metformin(250 mg·kg~(-1)) group. In addition, a normal group was also set and each group included 8 mice. The pancreas was collected after four weeks of administration and proteomics tools were employed to study the effects of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata on protein expression in the pancreas of T2DM mice. The expression levels of proteins involved in autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress response in the pancreatic tissues of T2DM mice were determined by western blotting, immunohistochemical assay, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the differential proteins between the model group and Rehmanniae Radix/Rehmanniae Radix Prae-parata group were enriched in 7 KEGG pathways, such as autophagy-animal, which indicated that the 7 pathways may be associated with T2DM. Compared with the control group, drug administration significantly up-regulated the expression levels of beclin1 and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)/mTOR and down-regulated those of the inflammation indicators, Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) and Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), in the pancreas of T2DM mice, and Rehmanniae Radix showed better performance. In addition, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heine oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the pancreas of T2DM mice were down-regulated after drug administration, and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata demonstrated better performance. The results indicate that both Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata can alleviate the inflammatory symptoms, reduce oxidative stress response, and increase the autophagy level in the pancreas of T2DM mice, while they exert the effect on different autophagy pathways.

Development and characteristics of automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device / 中国针灸

An automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device was developed, which could keep relatively constant temperature of heat-sensitive moxibustion, and realize the automatic ignition and automatic ash removal of moxa sticks during heat-sensitive moxibustion. The automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device comprises a bracket and a moxibustion box fixed on the top of the bracket; the bracket is composed of a base and a movable telescopic arm. This device can solve the problems of temperature instability, moxa ash blocking heat transfer and moxa ash falling during heat-sensitive moxibustion, avoiding the scalding caused by moxa ash falling, and reduce the workload of medical staff.

Regulation of kidney on potassium balance and its clinical significance / 生理学报

Virtually all of the dietary potassium intake is absorbed in the intestine, over 90% of which is excreted by the kidneys regarded as the most important organ of potassium excretion in the body. The renal excretion of potassium results primarily from the secretion of potassium by the principal cells in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN), which is coupled to the reabsorption of Na+ by the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) located at the apical membrane of principal cells. When Na+ is transferred from the lumen into the cell by ENaC, the negativity in the lumen is relatively increased. K+ efflux, H+ efflux, and Cl- influx are the 3 pathways that respond to Na+ influx, that is, all these 3 pathways are coupled to Na+ influx. In general, Na+ influx is equal to the sum of K+ efflux, H+ efflux, and Cl- influx. Therefore, any alteration in Na+ influx, H+ efflux, or Cl- influx can affect K+ efflux, thereby affecting the renal K+ excretion. Firstly, Na+ influx is affected by the expression level of ENaC, which is mainly regulated by the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway. ENaC gain-of-function mutations (Liddle syndrome, also known as pseudohyperaldosteronism), MR gain-of-function mutations (Geller syndrome), increased aldosterone levels (primary/secondary hyperaldosteronism), and increased cortisol (Cushing syndrome) or deoxycorticosterone (hypercortisolism) which also activate MR, can lead to up-regulation of ENaC expression, and increased Na+ reabsorption, K+ excretion, as well as H+ excretion, clinically manifested as hypertension, hypokalemia and alkalosis. Conversely, ENaC inactivating mutations (pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1b), MR inactivating mutations (pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1a), or decreased aldosterone levels (hypoaldosteronism) can cause decreased reabsorption of Na+ and decreased excretion of both K+ and H+, clinically manifested as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and acidosis. The ENaC inhibitors amiloride and Triamterene can cause manifestations resembling pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1b; MR antagonist spironolactone causes manifestations similar to pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1a. Secondly, Na+ influx is regulated by the distal delivery of water and sodium. Therefore, when loss-of-function mutations in Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) expressed in the thick ascending limb of the loop and in Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) expressed in the distal convoluted tubule (Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, respectively) occur, the distal delivery of water and sodium increases, followed by an increase in the reabsorption of Na+ by ENaC at the collecting duct, as well as increased excretion of K+ and H+, clinically manifested as hypokalemia and alkalosis. Loop diuretics acting as NKCC inhibitors and thiazide diuretics acting as NCC inhibitors can cause manifestations resembling Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, respectively. Conversely, when the distal delivery of water and sodium is reduced (e.g., Gordon syndrome, also known as pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2), it is manifested as hypertension, hyperkalemia, and acidosis. Finally, when the distal delivery of non-chloride anions increases (e.g., proximal renal tubular acidosis and congenital chloride-losing diarrhea), the influx of Cl- in the collecting duct decreases; or when the excretion of hydrogen ions by collecting duct intercalated cells is impaired (e.g., distal renal tubular acidosis), the efflux of H+ decreases. Both above conditions can lead to increased K+ secretion and hypokalemia. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of renal potassium excretion and the corresponding diseases arising from dysregulation.

The effect of visual-vestibular sensory input consistency on standing stability and electroencephalogram brain network characteristics in the elderly / 生理学报

Aging is a crucial factor influencing postural stability control and contributing to frequent falls, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the effects of aging on postural stability control by comparing differences in postural stability and node strength of electroencephalogram (EEG) brain network between elderly and young people under the conditions of congruent and incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs. Eighteen elderly volunteers without neuromuscular disorders and eighteen young individuals participated in the present study. Virtual reality (VR) technology was employed to manipulate visual rotation stimuli (clockwise and counterclockwise), and a horizontal rotating platform was used for vestibular rotation stimuli (clockwise). Based on the directional disparity of sensory input in the horizontal plane, visual-vestibular input consistency was categorized as congruent and incongruent. Postural stability was assessed by the center of pressure (COP) trajectory, and EEG signals were collected and analyzed using directed network analysis to observe EEG brain network node connectivity strength. The results revealed that, under conditions of incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs, the elderly exhibited significantly inferior postural stability performance in terms of COP anterior-posterior (Y-axial) sway speed, total path length, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sample entropy, compared to the young adults. Moreover, the node connectivity strength of visual cortex in the elderly was notably higher, while node connectivity strength of superior temporal cortex was significantly lower than that in the young adults. These findings suggest that the elderly have a heightened reliance on visual information in postural control and an impaired ability to cope with sensory conflicts arising from incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs, leading to compromised postural stability. The outcomes of this study hold significant implications for future assessments of balance function in the elder and fall prevention trainings.

Design and implementation of aeromedical training data management software for manned centrifuges / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop aeromedical training data management software for manned centrifuges to realize comprehensive management of multi-type and multi-dimensional training information during pilot manned centrifuge training.Methods A piece of aeromedical training data management software for manned centrifuges was designed with micro-service pattern,programmed with C# language and developed with model-view-controller mode,which realized data interaction and time synchronization with other systems through multi-threading technology.There were eight functional modules involved in the system developed for login management,training management,training program management,pilot information management,trainer information management,pilot training data management,statistical query and system management.Results The software developed implemented information automatic acquisition and unified management of physiological parameter data,audio and video data and operating load curve,which enhanced the efficiency of training and the informatization level of training data statistics and analysis.Conclusion The software developed improves the informatization level of pilot manned centrifuge aeromedical training data management and provides support for aeromedical training.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(11):39-44]

A study of the safety and efficacy of intravascular lithotripsy in the treatment of coronary artery calcification lesions / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravascular lithotripsy(IVL)in the treatment of coronary artery calcification lesions.Methods A total of 53 patients who underwent endovascular imaging guided treatment of coronary artery calcified lesions with either IVL or cutting balloon(CB)at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2023 to July 2023 were retrospectively analysed(IVL:n=18,CB:n=35)were retrospectively analysed to compare the technique,clinical success rate,major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)and readmission for cardiovascular events in patients followed during hospitalisation and 1 month after the procedure.Results Clinical success rates were identical in the IVL and CB groups(100.0％vs.100.0％,P＞0.999),the minimum lumen area of lesions was similar in the VL and CB groups[(1.7±0.4)mm2 vs.(1.7±0.5 mm2),P=0.628].And there was a statistically significant difference in the overall mean lesion length between the IVL and CB groups[(28.4±9.6)mm vs.(20.9±8.6)mm,P=0.008].During the procedure,there were no complications such as aneurysm,thrombus,or emergency vessel closure.There was a statistically significant difference in the overall mean value of residual stenosis between the IVL and CB groups[(1.7±1.7)％vs.(6.9±2.0)％,P=0.049].There were no MACE in either group during hospitalisation or at the one-month follow-up(0 vs.0,P＞0.999),and 3 patients in the CB group were readmitted for angina pectoris(0 vs.8.6％,P=0.543),with no significant difference in readmission rates between the two groups.Conclusions The technique of intravascular lithotripsy is safe and effective in the treatment of coronary artery calcification lesions.

Analysis of risk factors for hemorrhage in patients with acute poisoning treated with hemoperfusion / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical characterist ics and risk factors of hemorrhage complicated by hemoperfusion therapy in patients with acute poisoning. Methods: In January 2021, the clinical data of 196 patients with acute poisoning who received hemoperfusion therapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed, and the patients were divided into bleeding group and non-bleeding group according to whether the patients were complicated with bleeding. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for hemorrhage in patients treated with hemoperfusion. Results: A total of 21 patients in the bleeding group and 175 patients in the non-bleeding group were included. There was no significant difference in general data such as gender, age, and body mass index between the two groups (P>0.05) . Organophosphorus pesticides (χ(2)= 4.56, P=0.030) , HA230 perfusion device (χ(2)=4.12, P=0.042) , platelet count (t=-2.33, P=0.009) and activated partial thromboplastin time (t=14.53, P<0.001) at 2 h of perfusion were the influencing factors of hemorrhage in patients with acute poisoning treated with hemoperfusion. Among them, organophosphorus pesticides, 2 h perfusion activated partial thromboplastin time ≥35 s and other factors were independent risk factors forcomplicated bleeding (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Patients with acute poisoning, especially organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, are at greater risk of bleeding during hemoperfusion therapy. Monitoring of changes in activated partial thromboplastin time should be strengthened and the dose of anticoagulants should be adjusted in time to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Clinical effects of in situ perforation of preserved split scar matrix in combination with scalp transplantation and vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of hypertrophic scar in non-functional sites after burns / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of in situ perforation of preserved split scar matrix in combination with scalp transplantation and vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of hypertrophic scar in non-functional sites after burns. Methods: A retrospective observational study was used. From June 2017 to June 2019, 33 patients (24 males and 9 females, aged 8-50 years) who met the inclusion criteria with hypertrophic scars in non-functional sites outside the face after burns were treated in General Hospital of TISCO (the Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University). All patients underwent scalp transplantation after perforation of retained split scar matrix in situ (with scar thinning area of 90-500 cm2), and then the vacuum sealing drainage was performed. The hematoma and infection of wounds were observed on the 7th day after operation. At the same time, the survival rate of skin grafting was observed and calculated. The flatness and thickness of the scar in the operative area were observed in 12 months after operation, and the itching and pain of the patients were recorded. Vancouver Scar Scale was used to score the scar of patients before operation and at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The healing time and hair growth of donor site were observed. Data were statistically analyzed with repeated analysis of variance, paired sample t test and bonferroni correction. Results: On the 7th day after operation, local subcutaneous hematoma appeared in the wound of 2 patients, which healed after dressing change; no infection occurred. On the 7th day after operation, the survival rate of skin grafting of patients was 94.6%-99.0%(96.8±1.2)%. Scar flatness was well, the thickness of scar was not significantly higher than that of normal skin in 12 months after operation, and the symptoms of itching pain of patients disappeared or significantly relieved. Vancouver Scar Scale scores of patients before operation and at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were 12.1±2.8, 8.5±1.5, 7.6±1.6, 6.7±1.3, respectively, and the scores of 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were all significantly lower than that before operation (with t values of 4.48, 4.06, and 3.97, respectively, P<0.01). All the donor sites of the head healed well in 4-7 days after operation. By 3-6 months after operation, all patients had good hair growth in the donor site and achieved no scar healing. Conclusions: The treatment of hypertrophic scar in non-functional sites outside the face after burns by in situ perforation of preserved split scar matrix in combination with scalp transplantation and vacuum sealing drainage can effectively improve the appearance of hypertrophic scar in non-functional areas after burn and reduce its degree of hyperplasia, with scar-free donor site healing.

Investigation of Effect of Polyethylene Glycol 400 on Pharmacokinetics and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Baicalin Based on UPLC-MS/MS and Molecular Docking Techniques / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol 400 （PEG400） on the pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin， and to preliminarily explore the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin and its main metabolite baicalein 6-<italic>O</italic>-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucuronide （B6G） by molecular docking. Method:Rats were randomly divided into two groups with water and PEG400 as the dissolving matrix， and rats were administrated the equal dose of baicalin aqueous solution （baicalin+water group） and baicalin PEG400 solution （baicalin+PEG400 group）. After the plasma samples were processed at different time periods， the concentrations of baicalin and B6G in rat plasma were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）， and pharmacokinetic parameters were processed by DAS 3.2.2 software. Mice were randomly divided into a blank group （normal saline， 20 mL·kg^-1）， aspirin group （dose of 0.2 g·kg^-1）， baicalin/baicalin+PEG400 high and low dose （3.0， 1.5 g·kg^-1） groups， after continuous administration for 7 days， the mouse ear swelling and foot swelling models were established， and the swelling degree and swelling inhibition rate were calculated. Result:The pharmacokinetic study showed that compared with baicalin+water group， the plasma concentrations of baicalin and B6G increased after administration of baicalin PEG400 solution， and the area under the curve （AUC_0-<italic>_t</italic>） increased by 2.36， 1.97 times， and the peak concentration （<italic>C</italic>_max） increased by 2.12， 1.65 times， respectively. The results of mouse ear and foot swelling inflammation models showed that the anti-inflammatory effect was enhanced after intragastric administration of baicalin PEG400 solution. In addition， molecular docking results showed that baicalin and B6G could site bind to multiple target proteins ［tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-<italic>α</italic>， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂） and nuclear transcription factor-<italic>κ</italic>B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B）］ with higher affinity， which was superior to the positive drug aspirin. Conclusion:PEG400 can increase the plasma concentration of baicalin and its main metabolite B6G， and enhance the anti-inflammatory effect. Baicalin and B6G can form strong hydrogen bonds with various inflammatory factors and of nuclear transcription factors， it is speculated that baicalin and B6G jointly play an anti-inflammatory role.

Shengyutang Improves Learning and Memory Ability of Sleep Deprived Mice by Regulating Levels of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Shengyutang on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus， and explore its possible mechanism on improving the learning and memory abilities of sleep deprivation （SD） mice. Method:The 50 mice were divided into normal group， model group， estazolam group， Shengyutang low and high dose groups， with 10 mice in each group. A multi-platform water environment was used to prepare SD mouse models. The low and high-dose Shengyutang groups received intragastric administration of 12.5， 25 g·kg^-1， respectively. The mice in the model group were intragastrically administered with the same dose of normal saline daily for 8 weeks. Morris water maze experiment was used to observe the behavioral changes of SD mice in the evasion latency period， the number of crossing platforms， and the stay time in the target quadrant of each group. HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of the hippocampal tissue of each group. The expression levels of eight monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin （5-HT），dopandne （DA），epinephrine （EP），norepinephrine （NE），5-hydroxyindole acetic acid（5-HIAA）， high vanillic acid （HVA）， levodopa（<italic>L</italic>-DOPA），and 3，4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid（DOPAC）were detected by high performance liquid chromatography， and the expression levels of c-Fos protein in hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the normal group， the SD mice in the model group were in a poorer general state and severe fatigue was observed. Compared with the model group， SD mice in each dose group of Shengyutang got improved in eating， activity， sleep， hair color， and response to external stimuli. Compared with the normal group， the body weight of SD mice in the model group was significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， but the body weight in the Shengyutang high-dose group increased the most as compared with the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the hippocampal cells in the model group were disorderly arranged， incomplete in shape， increased in gap and decreased in number. Compared with the model group， the number of neurons in the hippocampus of SD mice in each dose group of Shengyutang increased. Compared with the normal group， the escape latency time of SD mice in the model group was significantly prolonged， the times of crossing platform and the residence time in the target quadrant significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the times of crossing platform and the residence time in the target quadrant of mice in each dose group of Shengyutang significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the levels of 5-HT， 5-HIAA， <italic>L</italic>-DOPA， DOPAC， EP， NE， HVA and DA in the model group significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic> P</italic><0.01）； but these levels in each dose group of Shengyutang were higher than those in model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the average MD value of c-Fos protein in the hippocampus of the model group significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the expression levels of c-Fos protein in the hippocampus of Shengyutang groups were significantly lower than those in model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Shengyutang can improve the learning and memory abilities of SD rats， and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of monoamine neurotransmitter and c-Fos protein expression.

Protective Effect of Xiayuxue Tang on Renal Fibrosis Rats Based on Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad Signal Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect of Xiayuxue Tang on adenine-induced renal fibrosis model in rats and its impact on Wnt/<italic>β</italic>-catenin and transforming growth factor <italic>β</italic>₁（TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）/Smad signal pathway. Method:A total of 50 SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups： the normal group， the model group， the losartan group （9 mg·kg^-1） and low and high dose （2.43，4.86 g·kg^-1） of Xiayuxue Tang groups. The rat model of renal fibrosis was established by ig administration adenine （250 mg·kg^-1） for 24 consecutive days. The rats were then given the corresponding drugs for 30 consecutive days. The levels of serum creatinine（SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The histopathological changes of renal tissues in rats were observed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. The collagen deposition in rat renal tissue was observed by Masson staining； the protein expression levels of Wnt5a， Wnt5b， <italic>β</italic>-catenin， TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁， Smad4， Smad7 in renal tissue were detected respectively by immunohistochemistry（IHC） and Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group， the results of each experimental group showed that SCr and BUN levels significantly increased in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. SCr and BUN levels decreased significantly after the intervention with the Xiayuxue Tang （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the normal group， HE and Masson staining results showed that rats in the model group had severe renal interstitial damage and massive deposition of renal interstitial collagen. The renal interstitial tubule injury was relieved after the intervention with the Xiayuxue Tang， and the renal interstitial collagen deposition decreased. The results of IHC and Western blot showed that compared with the normal group， the expressions of Wnt5a， <italic>β</italic>-catenin， TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ protein in the kidney of rats up-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the expressions of Wnt5b and Smad7 protein down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. After the intervention with Xiayuxue Tang， the expressions of Wnt5a， <italic>β</italic>-catenin， TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ protein down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the expressions of Wnt5b and Smad7 protein up-regulated（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. There was no significant difference between the low-dose and high-dose groups with Xiayuxue Tang. Conclusion:Xiayuxue Tang has the protective effect on RIF rats induced by adenine， and its mechanism is related to the inhibition of Wnt/<italic>β</italic>-catenin and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁/Smad signal pathway.

Effect of molecular weight of polyethylene glycol on pharmacokinetics of baicalin / 药学学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEGs) with different molecular weights (MW: 400, 1 000, 4 000) on the pharmacokinetics of baicalin, and preliminarily analyze its mechanism. Rats were gavaged with baicalin (168 mg·kg-1) + aqueous solution or baicalin + PEGs solution and plasma samples were collected from 0 to 24 h after administration. The concentration of baicalin and its main metabolite baicalein 6-O-β-D-glucuronide (B6G) were determined at different time points by UPLC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 3.0 software. The results showed that PEGs with different molecular weights could effectively increase the AUC0-t of baicalin and B6G, increase the Cmax, and prolong the t1/2, effectively increasing the concentration of baicalin and B6G in vivo. The mechanism may be by promoting the activity of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferases 1A8 (UGT1A8) and 1A9 (UGT1A9), thereby increasing the transformation rate of baicalin and B6G. The rate of metabolism of B6G was faster than that of baicalin, suggesting that PEGs had a higher affinity for UGT1A8, and PEG400 had the most significant effect. The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for the clinical safe use of baicalin and other flavonoids and the design of new dosage forms with the participation of PEGs. The animal experiment protocol in this study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Guizhou Medical University.

Effect of MiR-96 on Cell Invasion and Apoptosis in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia via Regulating MYB / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the relationship of the expression of transcription factor MYB targeted regulation by miR-96 to cell invasion and apoptosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#A total of 65 children with AML in The 928 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces from January 2017 to November 2019 were selected, including 35 cases diagnosed as primary AML and 30 cases as complete remission AML. Thirty children with immune thrombocytopenia were selected as control group. The clinical characteristics were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The levels of miR-96 and MYB in peripheral blood samples were detected by qRT-PCR and compared between the two groups. The miR-96 mimics and its negative control (NC), inhibitor-miR-96 and its NC transfected HL60 cells induced by liposome (Lipofectamine 2000), respectively, Then the expression levels of MYB were detected with Western blot and compared among four HL60 cell groups. The invasion ability of four HL60 cell groups were detected with Transwell assay. The cell proliferation ability of four HL60 cell groups were detected with MTT at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. The apoptosis rates of four HL60 cell groups were detected with flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, the level of miR-96 in AML children were higher, but MYB lower (P0.05). The promotion of over-expression level of miR-96 on the invasion ability of HL 60 cells was confirmed by Transwell assay. MTT assay showed that miR-96 could promote the proliferation of HL60 cells, inhibit the apoptosis of HL60 cells, and the effect was time-dependent manner (r=0.804). The inhibition of miR-96 on HL60 cells apoptosis was also confirmed with flow cytometry.@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-96 has significant negative effect on invasion and apoptosis of AML cells by targeting regulation MYB, and it might be a potential novel strategy for pediatric AML treatment.

Performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infection in Oncomelania snails in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted regions / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To compare the effectiveness of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and microscopic examinations for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections in Oncomelania hupensis in transmission-interrupted regions, so as to provide insights into the optimization of snail surveillance tools in these regions. Methods Four hilly schistosomiasis-endemic villages where transmission interruption was achieved were selected in Heqing County of Yunnan Province as the study villages, including Xinzhuang and Gule villages in hilly regions and Lianyi and Yitou villages in dam regions. Snail survey was performed by means of systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling in July 2018. All captured snails were identified for S. japonicum infections using microscopy. In addition, 10 to 20 snails were randomly sampled from each snail habitat following microscopy, numbered according to environments and subjected to LAMP assay. The positive rate of settings with S. japonicum-infected snails was compared among villages. Results A total of 7 949 living snails were captured from 83 snail habitats in 4 villages, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. There were 226 mixed samples containing 1 786 snails subjected to LAMP assay, and positive LAMP assay was found in 3 mixed samples from 3 snail habitats in 2 dam villages. The positive rates of settings with S. japonicum-infected snails were comparable between Lianyi Village (one setting) and Yitou Village (2 set tings) (5.89% vs. 14.29%, P = 0.344). However, the overall positive rate of settings with S. japonicum-infected snails was significantly higher in dam villages (9.67%, 3/31) than in hilly villages (0) (P = 0.048). Conclusions LAMP assay is more sensitive to detect S. japonicum infections in O. hupensis than conventional microcopy method, which may serve as a supplementary method for detection of S. japonicum infections in O. hupensis in high-risk snail habitats in hilly transmission-interrupted regions.

Preliminary study on phonetic characteristics of patients with pulmonary nodules / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Pulmonary nodules (PNs) are one of the imaging manifestations of early lung cancer screening, which should receive more attention. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that voice changes occur in patients with pulmonary diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in phonetic characteristics between patients with PNs and able-bodied persons.@*METHODS@#This study explores the phonetic characteristics of patients with PNs in order to provide a simpler and cheaper method for PN screening. It is a case-control study to explore the differences in phonetic characteristics between individuals with and without PNs. This study performed non-parametric statistics on acoustic parameters of vocalizations, collected from January 2017 to March 2018 in Shanghai, China, from these two groups; it explores the differences in third and fourth acoustic parameters between patients with PNs and a normal control group. At the same time, computed tomography (CT) scans, course of disease, combined disease and other risk factors of the patients were collected in the form of questionnaire. According to the grouping of risk factors, the phonetic characteristics of the patients with PNs were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#This study was comprised of 200 patients with PNs, as confirmed by CT, and 86 healthy people that served as a control group. Among patients with PNs, 43% had ground glass opacity, 32% had nodules with a diameter ≥ 8 mm, 19% had a history of smoking and 31% had hyperlipidemia. Compared with the normal group, there were statistically significant differences in pitch, intensity and shimmer in patients with PNs. Among patients with PNs, patients with diameters ≥ 8 mm had a significantly higher third formant. There was a significant difference in intensity, fourth formant and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) between smoking and non-smoking patients. Compared with non-hyperlipidemia patients, the pitch, jitter and shimmer of patients with PNs and hyperlipidemia were higher and the HNR was lower; these differences were statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#This measurable changes in vocalizations can be in patients with PNs. Patients with PNs had lower and weaker voices. The size of PNs had an effect on the phonetic formant. Smoking may contribute to damage to the voice and formant changes. Voice damage is more pronounced in individuals who have PNs accompanied by hyperlipidemia.

Research Progress on Application and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gout / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gout is the second largest metabolic disease after diabetes, with a high incidence worldwide. Gout is a common and complex arthritic disease that, if left untreated, can damage joints and, in severe cases, lead to kidney stones and even life-threatening kidney failure. Although western medicine has also made significant achievements in the treatment of gout, it is often accompanied by gastrointestinal reactions, liver injury and other adverse reactions, and is prone to relapse after drug withdrawal, making the radical treatment of gout a difficult problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used in gout have relatively long history, TCM has the characteristics of multiple ingredients targets, not only can produce related enzyme activity by inhibiting the uric acid(UA) and lowering uric acid generation, also can reduce uric acid by promoting uric acid excretion, except the uric acid reduction most applied in gout neighborhood of TCM can effectively reduce joint inflammation. TCM is mild, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of gout is significantly lower than that of western medicine. Some TCM can even play a role while protecting the kidney, so TCM is expected to solve the problem of treating gout. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the application of TCM in the gout neighborhood at home and abroad. By summarizing the studies on the application of TCM in the gout disease in the past 10 years, the mechanism of action and material basis have been summarized and analyzed, in the hope of providing references for the studies on the prevention and treatment of gout by TCM.