ABSTRACT
[Objective] To investigate the prevalence, drug resistance and molecular characteristics of MRSA in hospital environment, so as to provide basis for prevention and control of nosocomial MRSA infection. [Methods]Specimens from Dec 2014 to May 2015 were collected from a tertiary hospital in Jing'an District of Shanghai and MRSA strains isolated from hospital environment and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). [Results]From 316 specimens were detected 46 MRSA strains with contamination rate being 14.6％ (46/316). And 22 (7.0％) were detected to be carriers of MRSA on the surfaces of ICU environment. MRSA had higher resistant rate to cefuroxime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin/sulbactam, erythrocin, gentamycin than MSSA, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). A total of 8 PFGE patterns were identified among the 14 MRSA isolates, which were mostly similar from one clone. [Conclusion] MRSA strains isolated from ICU in this hospital are multi-resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones and macrolides. There is clonal pollution in the environment. It is necessary to decrease the contamination rates between patients and environment, health care workers and environment, also it is worthwhile to increase the disinfection rate of environment.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the inhibition and the mechanism of Hygrophorus lucorum polysaccharide (HLP) on H22 transplanted tumor in mice. Methods: The H22 transplanted models of mice were established. Sixty mice were divided into six groups: control, model, cytoxan (CTX, 200 mg/kg) positive control, low-, mid-, and high-dose (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) HLP groups. On the day 2 after being inoculated with H22 tumor cells, mice were ig given HLP once daily for consecutive 10 d. And then the body weight change, tumor growth inhibitory rate, and spleen and thymus indexes were calculated; the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, VEGF, and albumin (Alb) were determined. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and the contents of GSH and MDA in liver homogenates, as well as the number of WBC were detected. Results: The tumor growth inhibitory rate of HLP was over 30%. The treatment with HLP significantly increased the body weight, spleen index, and the number of WBC, elevated the serum levels of IL-2, reduced the VEGF, promoted the hepatic SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activities, and GSH content, and decreased the MDA in liver homogenates. Conclusion: HLP has an antitumor effect on H22 transplanted tumor in mice, and the possible mechanisms may be due to its antioxidant activity, regulation of immunofunction, and anti-angiogenetic action.