Use of podcasts for health education: a scoping review / Uso de podcasts para educación en salud: una revisión de alcance / Uso de podcasts para educação em saúde: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the scientific evidence related to the characteristics, themes, and outcomes of using health education podcasts aimed at individuals over 18 years of age in intra or extrahospital environments. Methods: a scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute method, conducted in 11 databases, including studies from 2004 to 2022. Results: 11 studies were selected, categorized, highlighting the characteristics, evaluated outcomes, areas, and conditions of podcast application, indicating it as an effective tool for promoting behavioral change, health promotion, and social interaction, demonstrating its potential to improve well-being, quality of life, and user/client autonomy. Conclusions: the use of podcasts proves to be an effective, innovative, and low-cost tool, with a significant social impact, being effective for behavioral change, satisfaction, and social interaction. However, the lack of comprehensive studies on podcast development methodologies represents challenges to be overcome.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear las evidencias científicas relacionadas con las características, temáticas y resultados del uso de podcasts de educación en salud dirigidos a individuos mayores de 18 años en entornos intra o extrahospitalarios. Métodos: revisión de alcance, basada en el método del Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada en 11 bases de datos, incluyendo estudios de 2004 a 2022. Resultados: se seleccionaron 11 estudios, categorizados y destacando las características, resultados evaluados, áreas y condiciones de aplicación del podcast, señalándolo como una herramienta eficaz para promover el cambio de comportamiento, la promoción de la salud y la interacción social, evidenciando su potencial para mejorar el bienestar, la calidad de vida y la autonomía de los usuarios/clientes. Conclusiones: el uso del podcast demuestra ser una herramienta eficaz, innovadora y de bajo costo, con un impacto social significativo, siendo eficaz para el cambio de comportamiento, la satisfacción y la interacción social. Sin embargo, la falta de estudios exhaustivos sobre las metodologías de desarrollo de podcasts representa desafíos a superar.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear as evidências científicas relacionadas às características, temáticas e desfechos do uso de podcasts de educação em saúde direcionados para indivíduos maiores de 18 anos nos ambientes intra ou extrahospitalares. Métodos: revisão de escopo, baseando-se no método do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada em 11 bases de dados, incluindo estudos de 2004 a 2022. Resultados: foram selecionados 11 estudos, categorizados e destacando as características, desfechos avaliados, áreas e condições de aplicação do podcast, apontando-o como uma ferramenta eficaz para promover a mudança comportamental, a promoção da saúde e a interação social, evidenciando seu potencial para melhorar o bem-estar, qualidade de vida e autonomia dos usuários/clientes. Conclusões: o uso do podcast demonstra ser uma ferramenta eficaz, inovadora e de baixo custo, com impacto social significativo, sendo eficaz para mudança comportamental, satisfação e interação social. No entanto, a falta de estudos abrangentes sobre as metodologias de desenvolvimento de podcasts representam desafios a serem superados.

Early Six-Minute Walk Test May Predict Midterm Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

Intervenções de enfermagem na reabilitação de pessoas com intestino neurogênico: revisão integrativa / Intervenciones de enfermería en la rehabilitación de personas con intestino neurogénico: revisión integradora / Nursing interventions in the rehabilitation of people with neurogenic bowel: integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar quais intervenções de enfermagem são mais eficazes para a reabilitação de pessoas com intestino neurogênico. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, no período de março de 2016 a dezembro de 2021, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, nas bases de dados eletrônicasCINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase (Elsevier) e MEDLINE, com os descritores "Neurogenicbowel" and"Nursing". Critérios de inclusão: estudos na íntegra, com conteúdos sobre intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes adultos com intestino neurogênico. Resultados: oito estudos incluídos. As intervenções mais citadas foram adequação dietética e ingestão hídrica(62,5%); uso apropriado de medicamentos (50%); massagem abdominal, retirada manual das fezes e estimulação reto-digital (50%); posicionamento para evacuação, prática de exercícios físicos e estimulação elétrica (25%). Considerações finais: a síntese integrativa dos estudos evidenciou que os resultados mais efetivos são os que associam mais de uma intervenção e que decorrem da avaliação individualizada e sistemática realizada pelo enfermeiro.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar qué intervenciones de enfermería son más eficaces para la rehabilitación de personas con intestino neurogénico. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, en el período de marzo de 2016 a diciembre de 2021, en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español, en las bases de datos electrónicas CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase (Elsevier) y MEDLINE, con los descriptores "Neurogenicbowel" and "Nursing". Criterios de inclusión: estudios completos, con contenidos sobre intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes adultos con intestino neurogénico. Resultados: ocho estudios incluidos. Las intervenciones más mencionadas fueron adecuación dietética e ingesta hídrica (62,5%); uso apropiado de medicamentos (50%); masaje abdominal, extracción manual de las heces y estimulación recto-digital (50%); posicionamiento para evacuación, práctica de ejercicios físicos y estimulación eléctrica (25%). Consideraciones finales: la síntesis integradora de los estudios evidenció que los resultados más efectivos son los que asocian más de una intervención y que derivan de la evaluación individualizada y sistemática realizada por el enfermero.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify which nursing interventions are most effective for the rehabilitation of people with neurogenic bowel. Method: integrative literature review, from March 2016 to December 2021, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase (Elsevier) and MEDLINE, with the descriptors "Neurogenic bowel" and "Nursing". Inclusion criteria: studies in full, with contents on nursing interventions for adult patients with neurogenic bowel. Results: eight studies were included. The most cited interventions were dietary adequacy and water intake (62.5%); appropriate use of medications (50%); abdominal massage, manual removal of feces and recto-digital stimulation (50%); positioning for elimination of feces, physical exercise and electrical stimulation (25%). Final considerations: the integrative synthesis of the studies showed that the most effective results are those that associate more than one intervention and that result from the individualized and systematic assessment carried out by the nurses.

Infecção de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes adultos após procedimento cardíaco: revisão integrativa / Surgical site infection in adult patients after heart procedures: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo identificar os fatores de risco para infecção do sítio cirúrgico em pacientes após procedimento cardíaco. Métodos revisão integrativa de literatura por meio de busca na Medical Literature Analyses and Retrieval System online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Base de Dados de Enfermagem. A busca dos artigos ocorreu durante o mês de fevereiro de 2022. Resultados 24 artigos foram elegíveis para a revisão. Em todos os estudos a população era majoritariamente composta pelo sexo masculino com idades entre 51 e 70 anos, os quais foram submetidos à Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio de forma eletiva. As principais comorbidades apresentadas foram diabetes mellitus, hipertensão e obesidade. As taxas de infecção variaram entre 2,4% e 38,9%, sendo identificado como o principal patógeno, o Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusão as principais comorbidades presentes nos pacientes que manifestaram infecção do sítio cirúrgico foram diabetes, hipertensão, obesidade e tabagismo. Os fatores de risco foram sexo, idade e internação pré-operatória prolongada. Antibioticoprofilaxia, tricotomia, descolonização nasal e antissepsia adequada da pele foram as medidas profiláticas mais adotadas. Contribuições para a prática: conhecer o perfil dos pacientes que desenvolveram infecção poderá favorecer o planejamento de ações para controle de riscos.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify the risk factors for surgical site infection in patients after heart procedure. Methods integrative literature review by searching the Medical Literature Analyses and Retrieval System online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Nursing Database. The search for the articles occurred during the month of February 2022. Results 24 articles were eligible for the review. In all studies, the population was mostly male, aged between 51 and 70 years, who underwent elective myocardial revascularization surgery. The main comorbidities presented were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. The infection rates ranged from 2.4% to 38.9%, and the main pathogen identified was Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion the main comorbidities present in patients who manifested surgical site infection were diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. The risk factors were gender, age, and prolonged preoperative hospitalization. Antibiotic prophylaxis, trichotomy, nasal decolonization, and adequate skin antisepsis were the most adopted prophylactic measures. Contributions to practice: knowing the profile of patients who developed infection may favor planning risk control actions.

COVID-19 in the perioperative period of cardiovascular surgery: the brazilian experience

Abstract Introduction: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. Results: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

Inspiratory Muscle Weakness is Related to Poor Short-Term Outcomes for Heart Transplantation

Abstract Introduction: In heart transplantation (HT) recipients, several factors are critical to promptly adopting appropriate rehabilitation strategies and may be important to predict outcomes way after surgery. This study aimed to determine preoperative patient-related risk factors that could adversely affect the postoperative clinical course of patients undergoing HT. Methods: Twenty-one hospitalized patients with heart failure undergoing HT were evaluated according to respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity before HT. Mechanical ventilation (MV) time, reintubation rate, and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay were recorded, and assessed postoperatively. Results: Inspiratory muscle strength as absolute and percentpredicted values were strongly correlated with MV time (r=-0.61 and r=-0.70, respectively, at P<0.001). Concerning ICU length of stay, only maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) absolute and percent-predicted values were significantly associated. The absolute -MIP- was significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.58 at P=0.006) and the percent-predicted MIP was also significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.68 at P=0.0007). No associations were observed between preoperative functional capacity, age, sex, and clinical characteristics and MV time and ICU length of stay in the cohort included in this study. Patients with respiratory muscle weakness had a higher prevalence of prolonged MV, reintubation, and delayed ICU length of stay. Conclusion: An impairment of preoperative MIP was associated with poorer short-term outcomes following HT. As such, inspiratory muscle strength is an important clinical preoperative marker in patients undergoing HT.

Síndrome metabólica em pessoas vivendo com HIV: prevalência e concordância de critérios / Síndrome metabólico en personas que viven con el VIH: prevalencia y concordancia de criterios / Metabolic syndrome in people living with HIV: criteria prevalence and agreement

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica e a concordância entre os critérios do National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) e da International Diabetes Federation (IDF) em pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Estudo analítico transversal, realizado em cinco serviços especializados em município do interior paulista, de 2014 a 2016, com 340 pessoas vivendo com HIV. Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas necessárias para classificação da síndrome metabólica pelos critérios do NCEP-ATPIII e da IDF foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas. Para avaliar a concordância entre os critérios da SM, NCEP-ATPIII e IDF, foi utilizada a estatística first-order agreement coefficient. Para verificar a relação entre a síndrome metabólica e as variáveis do estudo, utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados A prevalência da síndrome metabólica foi de 28,5% pelo critério NCEP-ATPIII e 39,3% IDF. As maiores prevalências foram associadas ao sexo feminino e faixas etárias a partir dos 50 anos, enquanto que, no tempo de diagnóstico entre 2 a 10 anos, prevalências menores. A concordância entre os dois critérios foi considerada substancial. Conclusão A concordância substancial entre os critérios IDF e NCEP-ATPIII sugere a possibilidade de intercambio entre eles. Ademais, os resultados sinalizam para a necessidade de atenção especial dos serviços para a avaliação do perfil metabólico e identificação das pessoas vivendo com HIV que possuem alto risco cardiovascular.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y la concordancia entre los criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) y de la International Diabetes Federation (IDF) en personas que viven con el VIH. Métodos Estudio analítico transversal, realizado en cinco servicios especializados en un municipio del interior del estado de São Paulo, de 2014 a 2016, con 340 personas que viven con el VIH. Por medio de entrevistas se recopilaron las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas necesarias para la clasificación del síndrome metabólico mediante los criterios del NCEP-ATPIII y de la IDF. Para evaluar la concordancia entre los criterios del SM, NCEP-ATPIII e IDF, se utilizó la estadística first-order agreement coefficient. Para verificar la relación entre el síndrome metabólico y las variables del estudio, se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados La prevalencia del síndrome metabólico fue del 28,5 % mediante el criterio NCEP-ATPIII y 39,3 % por la IDF. Las mayores prevalencias se asociaron al sexo femenino y los grupos de edad a partir de los 50 años, mientras que hubo prevalencias menores en el tiempo de diagnóstico entre 2 y 10 años. La concordancia entre los dos criterios fue considerada sustancial. Conclusión La concordancia sustancial entre los criterios IDF y NCEP-ATPIII sugiere la posibilidad de intercambio entre ellos. Además, los resultados señalan la necesidad de una atención especial de los servicios para evaluar el perfil metabólico e identificar a las personas que viven con el VIH con alto riesgo cardiovascular.

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the agreement between the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in people living with HIV. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study, carried out in five specialized services in a city in the interior of São Paulo, from 2014 to 2016, with 340 people living with HIV. Sociodemographic and clinical variables necessary for classification of the metabolic syndrome by the NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria were collected through interviews. To assess the agreement between MS, NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria, the first-order agreement coefficient statistic was used. To verify the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and the study variables, Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28.5% by the NCEP-ATPIII criterion and 39.3% IDF. The highest prevalence was associated with females and age groups from 50 years old, while, in the time of diagnosis between 2 and 10 years, lower prevalence. The agreement between the two criteria was considered substantial. Conclusion The substantial agreement between the IDF and NCEP-ATPIII criteria suggests the possibility of interchange between them. Moreover, the results signal the need for special attention from services for the assessment of the metabolic profile and identification of people living with HIV who are at high cardiovascular risk.

Cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19: not to be missed

Abstract In December 2019, a striking appearance of new cases of viral pneumonia in Wuhan led to the detection of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). By analyzing patients with severe manifestations, it became apparent that 20 to 35% of patients who died had preexisting cardiovascular disease. This finding warrants the important need to discuss the influence of SARS-CoV2 infection on the cardiovascular system and hemodynamics in the context of clinical management, particularly during mechanical ventilation. The SARS-CoV2 enters human cells through the spike protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is important to cardiovascular modulation and endothelial signaling. As ACE2 is highly expressed in lung tissue, patients have been progressing to acute respiratory injury at an alarming frequency during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 leads to high D-dimer levels and prothrombin time, which indicates a substantial coagulation disorder. It seems that an overwhelming inflammatory and thrombogenic condition is responsible for a mismatching of ventilation and perfusion, with a somewhat near-normal static lung compliance, which describes two types of pulmonary conditions. As such, positive pressure during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) must be applied with caution. The authors of this review appeal to the necessity of paying closer attention to assess microhemodynamic repercussion, by monitoring central venous oxygen saturation during strategies of IMV. It is well known that a severe respiratory infection and a scattered inflammatory process can cause non-ischemic myocardial injury, including progression to myocarditis. Early strategies that guide clinical decisions can be lifesaving and prevent extended myocardial damage. Moreover, cardiopulmonary failure refractory to standard treatment may necessitate the use of extreme therapeutic strategies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Não adesão medicamentosa nos pacientes transplantados cardíacos / No adherencia a la medicación en pacientes con trasplante de corazón / Medication non-adherence in heart transplant patients

RESUMO Objetivo Mensurar a não adesão medicamentosa nos pacientes pós-transplante cardíaco mediante o uso da Escala Basel para Avaliação de Aderência a Medicamentos Imunossupressores e Escala Analógica Visual; comparar os resultados das biópsias realizadas, com comorbidades prevalentes e sobrevida. Método Coorte histórica de abordagem quantitativa. A população foi composta de pacientes transplantados no período de 2009 a 2016. Resultados Participação de 60 pacientes. A mensuração da não adesão por meio do instrumento Escala Basel para Avaliação de Aderência a Medicamentos Imunossupressores foi de 46,7% e adesão de 53,3% dos pacientes. O grupo com maior dificuldade de não adesão foi aquele com relato de atraso de até 2 horas do prescrito (25%), porém, sem interrupção nas medicações. O diagnóstico inicial foi Doença de Chagas (33,3%). As comorbidades estudadas foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus (DM), dislipidemias e insuficiência renal crônica. Conclusão A avaliação por meio da Escala Basel para Avaliação de Aderência a Medicamentos Imunossupressores verificou não adesão medicamentosa de 46,7% dos pacientes transplantados cardíacos. A Escala Analógica Visual pelo autorrelato do paciente e avaliação do enfermeiro apresentaram valores elevados (93,3% vs 83,3%). A Escala Basel para Avaliação de Aderência a Medicamentos Imunossupressores tende a se aproximar das dificuldades informadas pelos pacientes, quanto há alteração de doses, atrasos ou antecipações de horário e dose.

RESUMEN Objetivo Medir la falta de adherencia a la medicación en pacientes después de un trasplante de corazón utilizando la Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS) y la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA); comparar los resultados de las biopsias realizadas con las comorbilidades prevalentes y la supervivencia. Método Cohorte histórica con un enfoque cuantitativo. La población consistió en pacientes trasplantados de 2009 a 2016. Resultados Participación de 60 pacientes. La medición utilizando la BAASIS fue del 46,7% para no adherencia y del 53,3% para la adherencia de los pacientes. El grupo con la mayor dificultad en la no adherencia fue de aquellos con un retraso de hasta 2 horas en la ingesta de medicamentos desde el tiempo prescrito (25%), aunque sin interrupción en los medicamentos. El diagnóstico inicial fue enfermedad de Chagas (33,3%). Las comorbilidades estudiadas fueron hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e insuficiencia renal crónica. Conclusión La evaluación con BAASIS mostró la no adherencia a la medicación en el 46,7% de los pacientes con trasplante de corazón. La EVA según el autoinforme de los pacientes y la evaluación de los enfermeros mostró valores altos (93,3% frente a 83,3%). La BAASIS tiende a abordar las dificultades reportadas por los pacientes, cuando hay un cambio en las dosis, retrasos o anticipaciones de tiempo y dosis.

ABSTRACT Objective To measure medication non-adherence in patients after heart transplantation using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); to compare the results of biopsies performed with the prevalent comorbidities and survival. Method Quantitative historical cohort. The population consisted of patients undergoing transplantation between 2009 and 2016. Results Participation of 60 patients. The measurement using the BAASIS was 46.7% of non-adherence and 53.3% of patient adherence. The group with greater difficulty in non-adherence reported up to 2 hours delay of medication intake in relation to the prescribed time (25%), although there was no interruption in medications. The initial diagnosis was Chagas disease (33.3%). The studied comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia (DLP) and chronic renal failure (CRF). Conclusion Assessment using the BAASIS showed medication non-adherence in 46.7% of heart transplant patients. The VAS according to patients' self-report and nurse's assessment showed high values (93.3% vs 83.3%). The BAASIS tends to address the difficulties reported by patients, when there is a change in doses, delays or anticipations of time and dose.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida após infarto agudo do miocárdio / Quality of life assessment after acute myocardial infarction

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida após infarto agudo do miocárdio, destacando as diferenças por sexo. Métodos estudo analítico, observacional, com 273 pacientes. Para coleta, utilizou-se de instrumento de avaliação multidimensional para infartados. Dados coletados em hospital de referência em cardiologia, nos quais se aplicaram o teste t Student para análises. Resultados maioria do sexo masculino (67,0%), média de 63,6 anos de idade, possuindo histórico familiar de infarto (64,5%). O escore médio de qualidade de vida foi 0,45, sendo 1,00 o pior escore. Dependência (0,82) e atividade física (0,50) foram os piores domínios avaliados; e efeitos colaterais (0,27) e dieta (0,36), os melhores. O sexo feminino apresentou piores médias (0,52, p<0,05), com destaque para atividade física (0,58), emoção (0,49) e insegurança (0,44). Conclusão constataram-se prejuízos na qualidade de vida, após infarto do miocárdio, em que o domínio dependência foi o mais comprometido. O sexo feminino apresentou piores escores.

ABSTRACT Objective to evaluate the quality of life after acute myocardial infarction, highlighting the differences by sex. Methods analytical, observational study with 273 patients. For collection, a multidimensional assessment instrument was used for heart attacks. Data collected in a cardiology referral hospital, in which the t Student test was applied for analysis. Results the majority were male (67.0%), with a mean age of 63.6 years, with a family history of heart attack (64.5%). The average quality of life score was 0.45, with 1.00 being the worst score. Dependence (0.82) and physical activity (0.50) were the worst assessed domains; and side effects (0.27) and diet (0.36), the best. The female gender had the worst averages (0.52, p<0.05), with emphasis on physical activity (0.58), emotion (0.49) and insecurity (0.44). Conclusion impairments in quality of life were found after myocardial infarction, in which the dependency domain was the most compromised. The female sex had worse scores.

Validade e confiabilidade do questionário de avaliação multidimensional após o infarto do miocárdio / Validity and reliability of the dimensional assessment scale after myocardial infarction

Objetivou-se avaliar as evidências de confiabilidade e a validade do questionário de Avaliação Multidimensional de Qualidade de Vida em pacientes após o infarto do miocárdio. Estudo metodológico. A confiabilidade foi verificada por meio da análise da consistência interna e pelo teste-reteste (α de Cronbach). A reprodutibilidade foi verificada com a avaliação intra e interexaminadores. A validade do instrumento foi calculada por meio da validade de constructo e critério através da validade convergente e concorrente. A amostra foi composta por 83 pacientes, sendo 51 pacientes internados e 32 ambulatoriais. Todos os domínios apresentam correlação significativa com escore geral. O questionário de Avaliação Multidimensional de Qualidade de Vida possui evidências de validade e confiabilidade em comparação ao questionário SF-36 com correlação de 0,89 (p<0,01). O Alfa de Cronbach obtido nos pacientes internados ambulatoriais foi de 0,85 e 0,83 respectivamente. O instrumento apresenta evidências de confiabilidade e validade para aplicação no Brasil em ambientes ambulatoriais e hospitalares.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence of reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Quality of Life Assessment Scale in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Methodological study. Reliability was verified using internal consistency analysis and test-retest (Cronbach's α). Reproducibility was verified with intra- and inter-examiner assessment. The validity of the instrument was calculated using construct and criterion validity through convergent and concurrent validity. The sample consisted of 83 patients, of which 51 were hospitalized and 32 were receiving outpatient care. All the domains showed a significant correlation with overall score. The Multidimensional Quality of Life Assessment Scale showed evidence of validity and reliability compared to the SF-36 questionnaire, with a correlation of 0.89 (p<0.01). Cronbach's alpha for the inpatients and outpatients was 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. The instrument shows evidence of reliability and validity for application in outpatient and hospital settings in Brazil.

Avaliação dos eventos adversos relacionados ao procedimento cirúrgico no ambiente hospitalar: uma revisão na literatura / Evaluation of adverse events related to the surgical procedure in the hospital setting: a review in the literature / Evaluación de eventos adversos relacionados con el procedimiento quirúrgico en el entorno del hospital: una revisión de la literatura

OBJETIVO: avaliar os serviços de acolhimento com classificação de risco realizados em unidades de pronto-atendimento. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 63 enfermeiros que atuam nas unidades de pronto-atendimento de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais realizadas no ambiente de trabalho dos enfermeiros, mediante a utilização de um questionário semiestruturado e do instrumento de avaliação do acolhimento com classificação de risco, sendo analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: mediante a avaliação das dimensões do instrumento de acolhimento com classificação de risco observou-se que a maioria dos enfermeiros classificou a "estrutura" como precária (47,6%), o "processo" como satisfatório (47,6%) e o "resultado" como igualmente satisfatório e precário (42,9%). A análise individual de cada serviço evidenciou que apenas uma unidade de pronto-atendimento classificou a "estrutura" como precária e as demais questões foram tidas como satisfatórias nas outras dimensões donabedianas: processo e resultado. CONCLUSÃO: o acolhimento com classificação de risco tem cumprido um dos seus principais objetivos, que é atender o usuário conforme a gravidade do caso e não por ordem de chegada.(AU)

The objective was to analyze the most frequent adverse events in the surgical patient and to identify the main associated factors. This is a systematic review based on the guiding question "Which adverse events occur most frequently in the operating room?". We included studies based on the assessment of adverse events and surgical complications published from 2007 to 2017. The Search reached 2035 publications. After applying the criteria, 13 articles were selected. Main events found: laterality errors, accidental puncture / laceration, foreign body left during the procedure, surgical complications, surgery suspension, respiratory changes / hemodynamic instability, surgical site-related problem, intestinal obstruction, postoperative bleeding or hematoma, reaction transfusion, respiratory arrest / failure, resuscitation failure, and preoperative assessment failure. From this study, professionals can review the processes and their flows in the operating room in order to develop or strengthen barriers to reduce damage and contribute to patient safety.(AU)

El objetivo fue analizar los eventos adversos más frecuentes en el paciente quirúrgico e identificar los principales factores asociados. Esta es una revisión sistemática basada en la pregunta guía «¿Qué eventos adversos ocurren con mayor frecuencia en el quirófano?". Se incluyeron estudios basados en la evaluación de eventos adversos y complicaciones quirúrgicas publicados entre 2007 y 2017. La búsqueda llegó a 2035 publicaciones. Después de aplicar los criterios, se seleccionaron 13 artículos. Principales eventos encontrados: errores de lateralidad, punción / laceración accidental, cuerpo extraño dejado durante el procedimiento, complicaciones quirúrgicas, suspensión quirúrgica, cambios respiratorios / inestabilidad hemodinámica, problema relacionado con el sitio quirúrgico, obstrucción intestinal, sangrado postoperatorio o hematoma, reacción transfusión, paro / falla respiratoria, falla de reanimación y falla de evaluación preoperatoria. A partir de este estudio, los profesionales pueden revisar los procesos y sus flujos en el quirófano para desarrollar o fortalecer barreras para reducir daños y contribuir a la seguridad del paciente.(AU)

A dedicated stitch to allow early safe mobilization avoiding drain-induced heart injury

Abstract Placement of a mediastinal drain is a routine procedure following heart surgery. Postoperative bed rest is often imposed due to the fear of potential risk of drain displacement and cardiac injury. We developed an encapsulating stitch as a feasible, effective and low-cost technique, which does not require advanced surgical skills for placement. This simple, novel approach compartmentalizes the drain allowing for safe early mobilization following cardiac surgery.

Adaptação transcultural do Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS) para a língua portuguesa brasileira / Cross-cultural adaptation of the Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS) to the Brazilian Portuguese language

Resumo A partir da avaliação dos fatores que incidem na qualidade de vida (QV) é possível planejar as intervenções que proporcionam melhoria do bem-estar dos pacientes. Realizar a adaptação transcultural do questionário Miocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS) para língua portuguesa, buscando as equivalências semântica, idiomática, conceitual e cultural. Foi utilizado o referencial teórico de Guillemin, Bombardier e Beaton, cumprindo as seguintes etapas: tradução, retrotradução, avaliação dos autores, banca de juízes e pré-teste. Após todas as avaliações, foram alcançadas as equivalências semântica, conceitual, idiomática e cultural. A escala mostrou-se de fácil aplicação e importância clínica. O MIDAS encontra-se validado no que se refere às equivalências semânticas, idiomáticas, conceituais e culturais. Posteriormente, será avaliada a equivalência de mensuração, para verificar as propriedades psicométricas.

Abstract From the evaluation of the factors that affect quality of life (QOL) it is possible to plan interventions that lead to the improved well-being of patients. The scope of this study was to conduct the cross-cultural adaptation of the Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS) questionnaire to the Portuguese language, seeking the necessary semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalence. The theoretical framework of Guillemin, Bombardier and Beaton was used, fulfilling the following steps: translation, back translation, evaluation of the authors, peer review and pre-testing. After all the tests, the semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalence was achieved. The scale proved to be easy to use and was clinically important. MIDAS was validated in terms of its semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalences. Subsequently, the measurement equivalence will be evaluated to verify the psychometric properties.

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes em lista de espera para o transplante renal / Epidemiological profile of patients on the waiting list for renal transplantation

Resumo Objetivo Identificar e descrever o perfil dos pacientes inscritos em lista única de espera para a realização do transplante renal no estado de São Paulo. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico transversal com abordagem quantitativa para identificar e descrever o perfil dos pacientes inscritos em fila única de espera para o transplante renal. Realizou-se levantamento nas bases de dados da Central de Notificação, Captação e Distribuição de Órgãos do Cadastro Técnico Único, estabelecendo-se como variáveis as características clínicas, demográficas e relativas ao desfecho de convocação no período de período de 2009 a 2015. A amostra foi composta por 12.415 pacientes que realizavam hemodiálise e paralelo ao tratamento encontravam-se inscritos para a realização do transplante renal. Para análise estatística descritiva, utilizou-se os testes Qui-Quadrado, t de Student e para significância Kaplan-Meier. Resultados Foram incluídos 12.415 pacientes, identificou-se média de idade de 50 anos, sexo masculino (59,6%), cor branca (63,1%), tipo sanguíneo O (48,9%), região metropolitana de São Paulo (73,82%), diagnóstico não especificado (34,5%), não realizaram transplante (77,2%) e sem condições clínicas de realizar o transplante (99,8%). Conclusão Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes com doença renal crônica que aguardam em lista única nos permite traçar novas estratégias de cuidados em saúde para redução principalmente das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Nota-se carência de atendimento da demanda e altos índices de recusa.

Abstract Objective To identify and describe the profile of patients placed on a single waiting list for renal transplantation in the state of São Paulo. Methods Cross-sectional epidemiological study of quantitative approach to identify and describe the profile of patients placed on a single waiting list for renal transplantation. In the period from 2009 to 2015, a survey was conducted in the databases of the Notification, Collection and Distribution Center of Organs of the Single Technical Registry, and the following characteristics were established as variables: clinical, demographic and information related to the convocation result. The sample included 12,415 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were simultaneously registered for renal transplantation. The Chi-Square and Student's t-test were used for descriptive statistical analysis and the Kaplan-Meier estimate was used for significance. Results A total of 12,415 patients were included, mean age was 50 years, male gender (59.6%), white color (63.1%), blood type O (48.9%), metropolitan region of São Paulo (73.82%), unspecified diagnosis (34.5%), did not undergo transplantation (77.2%), and without clinical conditions to perform the transplant (99.8%). Conclusion Knowing the profile of patients with chronic kidney disease on the single waiting list allows the development of new health care strategies for reducing mainly morbidity and mortality rates. There is lack in meeting the care demands and high rates of refusal.

Nursing care protocol for patients with a ventricular assist device / Protocolo de atención de enfermería a pacientes con dispositivo de asistencia ventricular / Protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes com dispositivo de assistência ventricular

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate a nursing care protocol for patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD). Method: descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, for an instrument's methodological validation. Three stages were conducted: development of the instrument; protocol content validation according to the Delphi technique, and agreement among experts and the scientific literature. Results: based on the content validation, a care protocol for patients with a VAD was created and assessed by Spanish experts. Of the 15 items evaluated by means of the content validity index (CVI), 10 presented solid evidence of validation, with Kappa ranging between 0.87 and 1. Conclusion: the method enabled the validation of interventions that will contribute to qualified and standardized care for patients with a VAD.

RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar y validar un protocolo de atención de enfermería a pacientes con dispositivo de asistencia ventricular (DAV). Método: estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, de validación metodológica de instrumento. Se siguieron tres etapas: elaboración del instrumento; validación del contenido del protocolo según técnica de Delphi y concordancia entre expertos y la literatura científica. Resultados: en base a la validación del contenido, se elaboró un protocolo referido a la atención de pacientes en uso de DAV, evaluado por expertos/jueces españoles. De los 15 ítems evaluados, mediante el índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC), 10 de ellos presentaron fuerte evidencia de validación con Kappa, variando entre 0,87 y 1. Conclusión: el método permitió validar intervenciones que contribuirán a una atención calificada y uniforme a pacientes en uso de DAV.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar e validar um protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes com dispositivo de assistência ventricular (DAV). Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa de validação metodológica de instrumento. Seguiram-se três etapas: elaboração do instrumento; validação do conteúdo do protocolo segundo a técnica de Delphi e concordância entre peritos e a literatura científica. Resultados: com base na validação do conteúdo, elaborou-se um protocolo referente aos cuidados a paciente em uso de DAV avaliado por peritos/juízes espanhóis. Dos 15 itens avaliados, por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), 10 deles apresentaram forte evidência de validação com Kappa que variaram de 0,87 a 1. Conclusão: o método permitiu validar intervenções que contribuirão para um cuidado qualificado e uniformizado a pacientes em uso de DAV.

The brazilian registry of adult patient undergoing cardiovascular surgery, the bypass project: results of the first 1,722 patients

Abstract Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systems; and 7.3% from private (out-of -pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%; for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.

Neuropatia periférica e sinais clínicos de síndrome coronariana aguda em pacientes com diabetes mellitus / Peripheral neuropaty and clinical signs of acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus / Neuropatía periférica y signos clínicos de síndrome coronario agudo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus

Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de neuropatia periférica em pacientes diabéticos com síndrome coronariana aguda e sua associação com a intensidade dos sinais clínicos. Estudo prospectivo, transversal e quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados de novembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016 em um hospital na cidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados os sinais clínicos apresentados pelos pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda portadores de diabetes mellitus e o nível de neuropatia periférica pela Escala de Sintomas Neuropáticos. Foram avaliados 50 pacientes, apresentaram dor precordial em aperto em 33 (66%) participantes, além da sudorese e dispneia. Sintomas neuropáticos foram identificados em 33 (66%) pacientes, não observada associação entre o nível de neuropatia e a intensidade dos sinais clínicos da síndrome coronariana aguda. A avaliação clínica realizada pelo enfermeiro em pacientes diabéticos com síndrome coronariana aguda deve ser feita de forma rigorosa, principalmente nos pacientes que podem apresentar sinais clínicos atípicos dependendo do grau de neuropatia periférica (AU).

This study aimed to assess the severity of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome and its association with the severity of clinical signs. Prospective, cross-sectional and quantitative study. Data were collected from November 2015 to February 2016 in a hospital in the city of São Paulo. The clinical signs of diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome were analyzed and the intensity of peripheral neuropathy was assessed using the Neuropathic Symptom Score (NSS). Fifty patients were assessed, and 33 (66%) participants had precordial catch syndrome, as well as sweating and dyspnea. Neuropathic symptoms were also identified in 33 (66%) patients, and there was no association between intensity of neuropathy and intensity of clinical signs of acute coronary syndrome. The clinical assessment of diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome by nurses should be very careful, especially in patients with atypical clinical signs, depending onthe degree of peripheral neuropathy (AU).

El objetivo fue evaluar el nivel de la neuropatía periférica en los pacientes diabéticos con síndrome coronario agudo y su asociación con la gravedad de los signos clínicos. Un estudio prospectivo, transversal y cuantitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de noviembre 2015 a febrero 2016 en un hospital de Sao Paulo. Se analizaron los signos clínicos observados en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo, diabetes mellitus y el nivel de los síntomas Neuropatía periférica Neuropatía Scale. Se analizaron 50 pacientes tenían dolor en el pecho en 33 (66%) participantes, así como la sudoración y la disnea. síntomas neuropáticos se identificaron en 33 (66%) pacientes, y no hay asociación entre neuropatía y el nivel de intensidad de los signos clínicos de síndrome coronario agudo. La evaluación clínica llevada a cabo por la enfermera en pacientes diabéticos con síndrome coronario agudo debe realizarse con precisión, en particular en pacientes que pueden tener signos clínicos atípicos en función del grado de la neuropatía periférica (AU).

Early open-lung ventilation improves clinical outcomes in patients with left cardiac dysfunction undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective: To compare pulmonary function, functional capacity and clinical outcomes amongst three groups of patients with left ventricular dysfunction following off-pump coronary artery bypass, namely: 1) conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV); 2) late open lung strategy (L-OLS); and 3) early open lung strategy (E-OLS). Methods: Sixty-one patients were randomized into 3 groups: 1) CMV (n=21); 2) L-OLS (n=20) initiated after intensive care unit arrival; and 3) E-OLS (n=20) initiated after intubation. Spirometry was performed at bedside on preoperative and postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and pulmonary shunt fraction were evaluated preoperatively and on POD1. The 6-minute walk test was applied on the day before the operation and on POD5. Results: Both the open lung groups demonstrated higher forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second on PODs 1, 3 and 5 when compared to the CMV group (P<0.05). The 6-minute walk test distance was more preserved, shunt fraction was lower, and PaO2 was higher in both open-lung groups (P<0.05). Open-lung groups had shorter intubation time and hospital stay and also fewer respiratory events (P<0.05). Key measures were significantly more favorable in the E-OLS group compared to the L-OLS group. Conclusion: Both OLSs (L-OLS and E-OLS) were able to promote higher preservation of pulmonary function, greater recovery of functional capacity and better clinical outcomes following off-pump coronary artery bypass when compared to conventional mechanical ventilation. However, in this group of patients with reduced left ventricular function, initiation of the OLS intra-operatively was found to be more beneficial and optimal when compared to OLS initiation after intensive care unit arrival.

A cycle ergometer exercise program improves exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle function in hospitalized patients awaiting heart transplantation: a pilot study

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a cycle ergometer exercise program on exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle function in hospitalized patients with heart failure awaiting heart transplantation with intravenous inotropic support. Methods: Patients awaiting heart transplantation were randomized and allocated prospectively into two groups: 1) Control Group (n=11) - conventional protocol; and 2) Intervention Group (n=7) - stationary cycle ergometer exercise training. Functional capacity was measured by the six-minute walk test and inspiratory muscle strength assessed by manovacuometry before and after the exercise protocols. Results: Both groups demonstrated an increase in six-minute walk test distance after the experimental procedure compared to baseline; however, only the intervention group had a significant increase (P =0.08 and P =0.001 for the control and intervention groups, respectively). Intergroup comparison revealed a greater increase in the intervention group compared to the control (P <0.001). Regarding the inspiratory muscle strength evaluation, the intragroup analysis demonstrated increased strength after the protocols compared to baseline for both groups; statistical significance was only demonstrated for the intervention group, though (P =0.22 and P <0.01, respectively). Intergroup comparison showed a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control (P <0.01). Conclusion: Stationary cycle ergometer exercise training shows positive results on exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle strength in patients with heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation while on intravenous inotropic support.