ABSTRACT
Background@#Normal saline solution (NSS) has been the fluid of choice for renal transplant patients, but it can lead to hyperchloremic acidosis and hyperkalemia. This study was performed to compare the safety profile of low-chloride solutions with that of NSS in renal transplant patients. @*Methods@#We conducted a systemic review search on PubMed, Embase, and the Central Cochrane Registry. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and matched cohort studies involving NSS as the control arm and low-chloride solutions as an intervention arm were chosen. The standardized mean difference for continuous variables, the odds ratio (OR) for discrete variables, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for effect sizes were used. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analysis was performed using a random-effects model irrespective of heterogeneity, which was evaluated using I2 statistics. @*Results@#Nine RCTs and one cohort study with a total of 726 patients were included. After transplantation, serum potassium was significantly lower in the low-chloride group (standardized mean difference compared to NSS group, –0.38 mEq/L; 95% CI, –0.66 to –0.11; p = 0.007). Similarly, postoperative chloride was lower in the low-chloride group (–2.41 mEq/L [–3.34 to –1.48], p < 0.001). No statistically significance was observed in delayed graft function (OR, 0.98 [0.56–1.69], p = 0.93), day 3 creatinine (–0.14 mg/dL [–0.46 to 0.18], p = 0.38), or day 7 urine output (–0.08 L [–0.29 to 0.12], p = 0.43). @*Conclusion@#Use of NSS during renal transplant leads to increased incidence of hyperchloremic acidosis with subsequent hyperkalemia, but clinical significance in the form of delayed graft function or postoperative creatinine remains comparable to that of low-chloride solutions.
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are used for the production of different medicines and also for the treatment of different diseases
Study Design: Study is based on a survey
Setting: Traditional medicinal uses of common medicinal plants of Cholistan desert
Objectives: The present investigation is aimed to conserve and create awareness about the ethno medicinal value of the plants and their uses to draw the attention of pharmacologists, phytochemists and pharmaceuticals
Methods: In the study area a total of 33 plant genuses belonging to 21 families are reported. In current study the medicinal plants and their indigenous medicinal uses are only presented by interviewing the local informants and Hakims. The information gained by these sources is presented here. For every plant basic information like family of plant genus, botanical name, local name, plant origin, abundance, status, plant form, part used and medicinal importance are given
Results: Field observations showed that deforestation, over grazing, agricultural expansion and unscientific collection, processing and preservation of natural vegetation are the major threats in the investigated area
Conclusion: There is dire need to conserve plant resources of Cholistan desert