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Objective@#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. @*Methods@#PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. @*Results@#Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters (all p<0.05).
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. @*Methods@#PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. @*Results@#Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters (all p<0.05).
ABSTRACT
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra [Licorice], a cyclooxyge- nase-2 inhibitor [Celecoxib] and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog [Diphereline], with a control group on endometrial implants in rats
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, endometriosis was induced in rats by auto transplantation and after confirmation, the rats were divided into 4 groups that were treated for 6 weeks with normal saline [0.5 ml/day, orally], licorice extract [3000 mg/kg/day, orally], celecoxib [50 mg/kg, twice a day, orally] or diphereline [3 mg/kg, intramuscularly]. At the end of treatments, the mean area, volume, histopathology and hemosiderin-laden macrophage [HLM] counts of the endometrial implants were evaluated and compared among the four groups
Results: The mean area, volume and HLM counts of the implants in the licorice group were significantly lower than those of the control group [P<0.001]. The histopathologic grades of endometrial implants were significantly decreased by licorice compared to the control group [P<0.001]. There was no significant change in the mentioned parameters in rats treated with celecoxib compared to the control group. Diphereline was the most potent agent for suppressing the growth of endometrial implants in terms of all of the above-mentioned parameters
Conclusion: Licorice decreased the growth and histopathologic grades of auto-transplanted endometrial implants. However, while celcoxib had no significant effect, diphereline showed the highest potency for decreasing the endome- trial growth. Licorice may have the potential to be used as an alternative medication for the treatment of endometriosis
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Background: Uterine synechiae or Asherman's syndrome is a condition that can cause infertility. The present experimental study was designed to establish the rabbit as an animal model for human Asherman's syndrome using the endometrial curettage
Methods: In an experimental study, female adult rabbits [n=18] were randomly divided into intact and ovariectomized groups. One third of caudal part of both uteri was submitted to traumatic endometrial curettage. One group was simultaneously ovariectomized. The intact rabbits were artificially induced ovulation during 10 days after surgery. One third of cranial part of both uteri was selected as the control. Synechiae occurring, luminal area/total area [LA/TA], endometrial area/total area [EA/TA], myometrial and perimetrial area/total area [MPA/TA], endometrial area/uterine wall area [EA/UWA], and myometrial and perimetrial area/uterine wall area [MPA/UWA] ratios of both uteri in six subdivided groups [n=6] were analysed in curetted and intact control parts. On days 15, 30 and 45 following surgery by two-way ANOVA and LSD test [p<0.05]
Results: Histopathologic findings showed significant epithelial damage together with significant inflammatory reaction in the intact curettage group. The LA/TA ratios of the intact curettage group on days 15 and 45 were more than the intact control group on day 15. The EA/TA ratio of the intact curettage group on day 30 was less than the intact control group on day 30
Conclusion: Uterine fibrosis was observed in intact curettage group, and this modified animal model showed a pathogenesis condition similar to intrauterine adhesions observed in human
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Models, Animal , Curettage , Uterus , FibrosisABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Oral mucositis [OM] is a common side effect of anticancer drugs and needs significant attention for its prevention
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the healing effects of olive leaf extract on 5-fluorouracil-induced OM in golden hamster
Materials and Method: OM was induced in 63 male golden hamsters by the combination of 5-fluorouracil injections [days 0, 5 and 10] and the abrasion of the cheek pouch [days 3 and 4]. On day 12, hamsters were received topical olive leaf extract ointment, base of ointment, or no treatment [control] for 5 days. Histopathology evaluations, blood examinations, and tissue malondialdehyde level measurement were performed 1, 3 and 5 days after treatments
Results: Histopathology score and tissue malondialdehyde level were significantly lower in olive leaf extract treated group in comparison with control and base groups [p= 0.000]. Significant decreases in white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were observed in olive leaf extract treated group in comparison with control and base groups [p< 0.05]
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that daily application of olive leaf extract ointment had healing effect on 5-fluorouracil induced OM in hamsters. Moreover, the beneficial effect of olive leaf extract on OM might be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
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Objectives: To investigate the effects of intravenous infliximab in preventing the formation of peritoneal adhesions in an animal model of rat
Methods: This was an experimental study being performed in animal laboratory of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 2012. Sixty albino rats were randomly assigned in to three groups by Random Design Method. The first group received single infliximab injection [n=20], the second one received double infliximab injection [n=20] and the third received nothing [n=20], after receiving intra-peritoneal injection of talc for induction of peritoneal adhesions. All the animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks and the peritoneal adhesions were evaluated according to Nair classification
Results: We observed that the mean adhesion grade was lower in those who received double dose of infliximib when compared to single dose and controls. However the difference did not reach a significant value [p=0.178]. The grade of peritoneal adhesion was also comparable between the three study groups [p=0.103]. The mean number of 1st WBC count was also comparable between three study groups [p=0.382]. We observed that 2 nd WBC count was also comparable between two study groups [p=0.317]
Conclusion: Administration of intravenous infliximab after intraabdominal surgicalprocedures would not prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesions in animal model of albino rat
ABSTRACT
Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase and inhibit cellular synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids. Studies have previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective effects of statins on cultured brain cells [astrocytes and microglia] and endothelial cells. Statins have been recently recognized as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drugs. Later, neuroprotective effects of statin were reported in various animal disease models and clinical studies. Atorvastatin also prolonged latency [time to appearance of spike potentials] and diminished the amplitude and frequency of spike potentials, which indicate epileptic discharges. In some studies observed that pre-treatment with atorvastatin efficiently reduced seizure activities, hippocampal neuron death, monocyte infiltration and proinflammatory gene expression. In this study the protective effects of atorvastatin on seizures induced by Pentylenetetrazolee [PTZ] and maximal electroshock stimulation [MES] were investigated. Intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole was used to induce seizures in mice.It was found that atorvastatin [ED50 = 5.12 +/- 0.98] has antiseizure effects comparing to control group. Atorvastatin treatment significantly increased the seizure threshold [p<0.01] and decreased the incidence of tonic seizure and death which is induced by intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole . The effect of atorvastatin on seizure induced by MES in mice was evaluated and the results demonstrated it is not able to produce anticonvulsant activity
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BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have potential of differentiation and they secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors which make them appropriate for cell therapy. AIM OF THE WORK: Were to evaluate the healing effect of BM-MSCs transplantation on germinal cells of busulfan-induced azoospermic hamsters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present experimental case control study, BM-MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of donor albino hamsters. Five mature male recipient hamsters received two doses of 10 mg/kg of busulfan with 21 days interval to stop endogenous spermatogenesis. After induction of azoospermia, right testis of hamsters was injected with 106 BM-MSCs via efferent duct and the left one remained as azoospermia control testis. Five normal mature hamsters were selected as normal intact control. After 35 days, testes and epididymis of three groups were removed for histological evaluation. RESULTS: Histomorphological analyses of BM-MSCs treated testes and epididymis showed the epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubules had normal morphology and spermatozoa were present in epididymis tubes. Spermatogenesis was observed in most cell-treated seminiferous tubules. The untreated seminiferous tubules were empty. CONCLUSION: Transplanted BM-MSCs could successfully induce spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of azoospermic hamster. Therefore, BM-MSCs can be an attractive candidate in cell transplantation of azoospermia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Humans , Male , Azoospermia , Bone Marrow , Busulfan , Case-Control Studies , Cell Transplantation , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy , Cytokines , Epididymis , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Seminiferous Tubules , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoa , Testis , Tissue Donors , TransplantsABSTRACT
Considering the anti-oxidant properties of Pistacia atlantica and lack of data regarding its efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, this study aims at investigating the effect of the Pistacia atlantica fruit extract in treating experimentally induced colitis in a rat model. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats [weighing 220 +/- 20 g] were used. All rats fasted 24 hours before the experimental procedure. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, each containing 10 induced colitis with 2ml acetic acid [3%]. Group 1 [Asacol], group 2 [base gel] and group 7 [without treatment] were assigned as control groups. Group 3 [300 mg/ml] and group 4 [600 mg/ml] received Pistacia atlantica fruit orally. Group 5 [10% gel] and group 6 [20% gel] received Pistacia atlantica in the form of gel as enema. Macroscopic, histopathological examination and MDA measurement were carried out. All groups revealed significant macroscopic healing in comparison with group 7 [P<0.001]. Regarding microscopic findings in the treatment groups compared with group 7, the latter group differed significantly with groups 1,2, 4 and 6 [P<0.001]. There was a significant statistical difference in MDA scores of the seven treatment groups [F[5,54]=76.61, P<0.001]. Post-hoc comparisons indicated that the mean +/- SD score of Asacol treated group [1.57 +/- 0.045] was not significantly different from groups 4 [1.62 +/- 0.024] and 6 fl.58 +/- 0.028]. Our study showed that a high dose of Pistacia atlantica fruit oil extract, administered orally and rectally can improve colitis physiologically and pathologically in a rat model, and may be efficient for ulcerative colitis
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RFamide-related peptide-3 [RFRP-3] and kisspeptin [KiSS-1] are known to respectively inhibit and stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone [GnRH] and luteinizing hormone [LH] secretion in rat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative mRNA expression of RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 in the hypothalamus of pregnant rats. In a randomized controlled experimental study, the exact pregnancy day of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were confirmed using the vaginal smear method and were equally assigned to three groups of days 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy. Four non-pregnant female rats were ovariectomized and assigned as the control group. All rats were decapitated, and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus [DMH] and the arcuate nucleus [ARC] for detection of KiSS-1 mRNA were separated from their hypothalamus to detect RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 mRNA respectively. Then, their relative expressions were compared between control and pregnant groups using real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. The relative expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in DMH did not change significantly during pregnancy [p>0.01]. However, the relative expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in ARC was at its highest in day 7 of pregnancy and decreased until day 21 of pregnancy [p<0.01]. Decrease in GnRH and LH secretion during the pregnancy of rat may be controlled by constant expression of RFRP-3 mRNA and reduced expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in hypothalamus
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , RNA, Messenger , Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus , Kisspeptins , Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , PregnancyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Limited studies have shown antifibrotic effects of pentoxifylline, captopril, simvastatin, and tamoxifen. No comparisons are available of the effects of these drugs on prevention of renal and bladder changes in partial urethral obstruction (PUO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were divided into six groups (n=7). The sham-operated rats (group I) only underwent laparotomy and did not receive any treatments. The PUO groups (group II-VI) received normal saline (PUO+NS), pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg/d; PUO+PEN), captopril (35 mg/kg/d; PUO+CAP), simvastatin (15 mg/kg/d; PUO+SIM), or tamoxifen (10 mg/kg/d; PUO+TAM) by gavage for 28 days. Then, the volume and/or length of the kidney components (tubules, vessels, and fibrous tissue) and the bladder components (epithelial and muscular layers, fibrous tissue, fibroblast and fibrocyte number) were quantitatively evaluated on the microscopic sections by use of stereological techniques. RESULTS: The volume of renal and bladder fibrosis was significantly ameliorated in the PUO+PEN group, followed by the PUO+CAP, PUO+SIM, and PUO+TAM groups. Also, the volume and length of the renal tubules and vessels and bladder layers were more significantly protected in the PUO+PEN group, followed by the PUO+CAP, PUO+SIM, and PUO+TAM groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of PUO with PEN was more effective in the prevention of renal and bladder fibrosis and in the preservation of renal and bladder structures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Captopril/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Kidney/drug effects , Pentoxifylline/pharmacology , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Tamoxifen/pharmacology , Urethral Obstruction/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/drug therapyABSTRACT
Kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide-3 [RFRP-3] are known to affect GnRH/luteinizing hormone [LH] in several species, including the rat. It has been hypothesized that GnRH/LH changes during the rat estrous cycle may result from changes in the expression of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 genes. Therefore, the present study investigates KiSS1 and RFRP-3 gene expression at the transcriptional level in the rat hypothalamus during the estrous cycle. In the present experimental study, 36 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats [3-4 months old] were used to study the expression of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 mRNA in the hypothalamus during the estrous cycle. Four rats were ovariectomized, whereas the remainder were allotted to four different phases of the estrous cycle [n=8 per estrus phase]. Rats were decapitated, and the hypothalami were immediately dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Expressions of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 mRNAs were analyzed by real-time PCR. The expression of KiSS1 mRNA during estrus was lower than other phases of the cycle [p<0.01]. Expression of KiSS1 mRNA during the metestrus phase was lower than the proestrus phase [p<0.01]. The expression of RFRP-3 mRNA during proestrus was lower than the diestrus phase [p<0.01]. Results of the present study showed the role of coordinated expression of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 mRNA in the hypothalamus in the control of the rat estrous cycle
Subject(s)
Female , Animals, Laboratory , Kisspeptins , Neuropeptides , RNA, Messenger , Estrous Cycle , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Gene Expression , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], which include ulcer-ative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD], are debilitating and chronic disorders with unpredictable courses and complicated treatment measures. Therefore, an efficient treatment protocol seems necessary as therapeutic prophylaxis for these disorders. This study aims to determine the healing effect of Teucrium polium [T. polium] in acetic acid-induced UC in an experimental dog model. From September to December 2010, eight male [20-25 kg] crossbred dogs were used for induction of UC by 6% acetic acid, tran-srectally. After one week, three biopsies [10, 20 and 30 cm proximal to the anal verge] were taken from the colon of each animal for histological studies. In the presence of UC, 400 mg/kg/day of T. polium extract was administered orally and transrectally [via enema] for 30 days in six of the dogs. The remaining two dogs were used as controls and did not receive T. polium. Multiple biopsies were taken 7, 14, and 30 days after discontinuation of T. polium in the same manner as before treatment. After administration of acetic acid, we noted the presence of multiple ulcers, diffuse inflammation, PMN infiltration in the lamina propria, glandular destruction and goblet cell depletion. Treatment with T. polium restored the colonic architecture with an increased number of healthy cells and a reduction in inflammatory cells. Damage of the surface epithelial cells and mucosal layer of the lumen were reversed, which lead to faster ulcer healing. T. polium may be a treatment choice for UC and can broaden the current therapy options for UC
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Tracheal reconstructions are aimed at rearranging or replacing parts of the tracheal tissue by different techniques. Here we introduce a new technique for tracheal reconstruction. In 10 adult dogs, after intubation with an endotracheal tube, a segment of trachea including seven tracheal rings was resected circumferentially. A submuscular tunnel was induced between mucosal and muscular layers of the adjacent esophagus lying right next to the trachea. The esophageal submuscular tunnel starts and ends exactly at the level of distal and proximal ends of tracheal resection, respectively. Inforced Gore-Tex passed through the esophageal submuscular tunnel the distal segment of trachea and end-to-end anastomosis were made between distal ends of Gore-Tex and trachea, then endotracheal tube removed and the same procedure was made for proximal ends of Gore-Tex and trachea. Afterward, the proximal and distal ends of the esophageal tunnel were approximated to proximal and distal tracheal parts over the anastomosis. All dogs, except one due to anesthetic problem, survived and tolerated the operation; the first two dogs experienced postoperative fever, aspiration pneumonia, and died due to tracheoesophageal fistula. All survived animals were eating and barking well. We started to scarify dogs at least 6 and 12 weeks after operation for microscopy and pathologic examination. The Gore-Texes were patent and supported externally with fibrous connective tissue in esophageal tunneling, with in growth of respiratory epithelium on inner surfaces. Air tightness, good re-epithelialization, and relatively no limitation of esophageal length and no risk of luminal collapse are advantages of tracheal reconstruction by submuscular esophageal tunneling. This new method is worthy of further investigation, as it is technically feasible and easy to implement
Subject(s)
Animals , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Polytetrafluoroethylene , DogsABSTRACT
Osteoporotic fractures are much more common in older post-menopausal women and account for significant morbidity and mortality. Although age is an independent risk factor for fractures, bone micro-architecture is the predictor of subsequent fractures. Adequate calcium and Weight-bearing exercise are known to affect skeletal development, however, the effects of calcium supplement and treadmill endurance running on bone micro-architecture are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of treadmill endurance running training and calcium supplement, on micro-architectures of cortical and trabecular bone in the proximal tibia metaphyseal in ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats. Forty-three rats were randomly divided into endurance running training, calcium supplement, control, pre-test and base groups. The rats in the treadmill running group performed the progressive running exercise in 12 to 20 m/minutes for a total of 10 to 60 minutes, 5 times a week. Calcium group received ca supplement using Gavage [35 mg/kg/day] for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, micro-architecture parameters in the proximal tibia metaphyseal were measured by using a semi-automated image analysis system.The ovariectomay was associated with a significant decrease in the trabecular volume and thickness, while separation insignificantly decreased in the cortical volume and thickness in the proximal tibia metaphyseal. The treadmill running exercise and calcium supplement significantly increased cortical or trabecular volume and also thickness and the trabecular separation compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, the micro-architectures of cortical and trabecular bone in the proximal tibia metaphyseal was insignificant between the treadmill endurance running and calcium supplement groups. Skeletal benefits can be obtained by changes in life style including: weight-bearing exercise or calcium supplement. Furthermore, weight-bearing exercise or calcium supplement, followed by ovariectomay had an inhibitory effect or reversal on micro-architecture parameters in weight-bearing bones
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Exercise , Calcium , Dietary Supplements , Tibia/ultrastructure , Ovariectomy , Life Style , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
To determine the healing effect of Teucrium polium [T. polium] in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. In the fall of 2007, 250 Sprague-Dawley rats provided by the Shiraz University Laboratory Animal Center were divided into 4 equal groups including control [70 rats], and 3 experimental groups [60 rats each], and each group received different doses of T. polium. Ten rats were used to study the induction of gastric ulcer by indomethacin [25 mg/kg/stat]. After 24 hours, their stomachs were evaluated for any mucosal ulcer. The T. polium extract was administered orally, 24 hours after indomethacin administration. In the experimental group, 10 animals were sacrificed after 24, 48, and 72 hours, after administration of T. polium, and at one, 2, and 4 weeks, and in the control group identically after the administration of distilled water. In rats treated with indomethacin, multiple ulcers were evident. After 4 weeks of treatment with T. polium, more re-epithelialization, proliferation, mucosal hyperplasia, migration of the gastric epithelial cells, and decrease in inflammatory cells were observed. The T. polium reduced the ulcer indices by >50% after one week, >80% after 2 weeks, and >90% after 4 weeks. The healing effect of T. polium may be due to antioxidant activity along with the ability to modulate the mucin secretion, prostaglandin synthesis, and epidermal growth factor receptor expression. These results along with the non-toxicity properties of T. polium suggests it as a promising anti-ulcer compound
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Plant Extracts , Stomach Ulcer , Indomethacin/adverse effects , Wound Healing , Rats , Antioxidants , Mucins , Prostaglandins , ErbB Receptors , Stomach/drug effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicityABSTRACT
To investigate the penetration of cefixime and ciprofloxacin to the rabbit eye on the basis of microbial inhibition of aqueous and vitreous humour after oral administration. In this experimental study, 36 rabbits [72 eyes] were randomly divided into two groups; group A consisted of 20 rabbits and group B 16 rabbits. Each group was divided into four equal subgroups. The rabbits in each subgroup of group A received 4, 8, 12, and 20 mg/kg of syrup of cefixime every 12 hr respectively and the rabbits in each subgroup of group B received 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg tablet of ciprofloxacin respectively every 12 hr. Immediately after the first dose of the drugs, the anterior chamber of one eye was irrigated randomly by 30-40 cc of ringer lactate solution alongside with mild traumatization of iris. Then by 4, 8, 12, 24 and 72 hr intervals after the 3rd dose, 0.1 cc of aqueous, 0.2-0.5 cc of vitreous, 3 cc of blood and one standard disk of the used antibiotic was placed on culture media of a known bacteria which was completely sensitive to the respective antibiotic. Forty eight hours later, the microbial inhibition zone of each sample and the standard disk of antibiotic were compared. No microbial inhibition was seen by sample of aqueous and vitreous, although very large zone of inhibition was seen by blood sample and standard disk of antibiotic. It seems that oral cefixime and ciprofloxacin do not produce an effective dose for microbial inhibition in rabbit eye
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Aqueous Humor/drug effects , Vitreous Body/drug effects , Cefixime/administration & dosage , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacokinetics , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Anterior Chamber , Culture Media , Eye Infections/drug therapy , RabbitsABSTRACT
To evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of various concentrations of hypertonic glucose, live protoscolices of sheep were exposed to 10%, 15%, 25% and 50% glucose solutions. Cetrimide (0.5%), silver nitrate (0.5%) and hypertonic saline (20%) were used as positive controls, while physiological saline was used as a negative control. After 1, 2 and 5 min, the protoscolicidal effects were determined by 1% eosin. A 25% glucose solution had no significant protoscolicidal effect. However, a 50% glucose solution revealed higher protoscolicidal effect than 0.5% silver nitrate but weaker effect than 0.5% cetrimide; the effect was comparable with that of 20% hypertonic saline. The results showed that hypertonic glucose solution is highly effective in killing protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep Diseases/parasitology , Sheep , Glucose Solution, Hypertonic/pharmacology , Echinococcus granulosus/drug effects , Echinococcosis/parasitologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of donor thymic tissue to induce tolerance in thymokidney allografts, transplanted to thymectomized cross-bred canines. Seven pairs of transplant donors and recipients were selected from 3- to 4-month-old cross-bred canines with major histocompatibility complex [MHC] mismatches. Recipients underwent partial thymectomy 4 weeks before transplantation and received an autologous thymic graft under the renal capsule, which had been engrafted in the donors 3 months before transplantation [thymokidney]. Successful engraftment with evidence of thymocyte development in the donors was determined by gross and histologic examination at the time of transplantation. Biopsy specimens were obtained at the transplant day and 3 months after transplantation and were studied histologically for evidence of hyperacute or acute rejection. At 90 days after the operation, all 7 juvenile thymic grafts had developed with normal thymic structure under the renal capsule. Hyperacute rejection was not observed in allografts, and all of them were functioning until the end of follow-up; however, all of the allografts showed acute cell-mediated rejection 3 months after transplantation. No tolerance was induced by vascularized donor thymokidneys in MHCmismatched canines. The advantages of tolerance over chronic immunosuppression are so great that a potentially tolerogenic approach such as thymic transplantation would seem worthy of further investigations on large animal models. To evaluate the beneficial effects of thymic tissue in tolerance induction, utilizing a short course, lowdose adjuvant immunosuppressant to this regimen and/or application of in-bred MHCmatched canines is suggested