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Moringa oleifera leaves are known for their "Virechana"(purgative) effect in Ayurvedic medicine in India. This study compared the purgative effects and mechanisms of M. oleifera leaves with the reference Rhei Radix et Rhizoma to establish a foundation for the further application of M. oleifera leaves in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study identified the material basis, common targets, and signaling pathways through which Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and M. oleifera leaves exerted their purgative pharmacological effects. A low-fiber diet-induced constipation mouse model was established to measure fecal parameters and small intestinal propulsion rate, and histological changes in the colon were observed using HE staining. Relative expression levels of relevant genes and target proteins were assessed using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results showed that mapping the targets of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and M. oleifera leaves onto the biological process network of constipation revealed close proximity, indicating that they may exert their therapeutic effects on constipation through similar biological processes. Molecular docking results indicated that compounds such as sennoside C and isoquercitrin could target serine/threonine protein kinases(AKT1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), thereby affecting MAPK and calcium signaling pathways to promote defecation. Animal experiments demonstrated that both M. oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma increased the number of fecal pellets and water content in constipated mice, improved small intestine motility, colon mucosal thickness, and muscle layer thickness, upregulated the gene expression levels of AKT1 and MAPK3 in the colon, and downregulated the expression of AQP3 protein. These findings suggest that M. oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma share similarities in their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms for treating constipation. Using Rhei Radix et Rhizoma as a reference can provide a better understanding of the characteristics of the "Virechana"(purgative) effect of M. oleifera leaves in TCM.
Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Cathartics , Moringa oleifera , Molecular Docking Simulation , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , ConstipationABSTRACT
Fibrosis can occur in nearly all organs of the body and is an outcome of many chronic diseases. As inflammation leads to necrosis of parenchymal cells， excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and overproduction of extracellular matrix （ECM） occur in tissues and organs， which may cause structural damage and loss of function of organs in the case of continuous progression. Chinese medicine has definite effect on fibrosis and prescriptions with effects of replenishing Qi and activating blood， such as Buyang Huanwutang， are frequently used in clinical settings. Clinical research and experiments show that Buyang Huanwutang can delay the progression of fibrosis in multiple organs such as lung， heart， liver， and kidney by improving organ function， reducing ECM deposition， anti-oxidative stress， anti-inflammatory response， regulating the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs）/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases （TIMPs）， and modulating transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad pathway. According to traditional Chinese medicine， healthy Qi deficiency is the internal cause of fibrosis， and blood stasis is an important pathological factor in the formation of fibrosis. Moreover， deficiency and stasis exist in the whole process of fibrosis and the changes of microenvironment of fibrotic organs and tissues accord with the pathological manifestations of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. This article reviews the anti-fibrosis mechanism of Buyang Huanwutang in multiple organs， which provides a science-based explanation for the treatment of fibrosis by Buyang Huanwutang and lays a foundation for further clinical research.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbs in the treatment of sub-health systematically.@*METHODS@#Nine databases were systematically and extensively searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Chinese herbs in the treatment of sub-health. The outcomes included overall effective rate, main symptoms, quality of life, etc. Literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted according to Cochrane Handbook 5.1. Meta-analysis was conducted to the included literature with Review Manager Software.@*RESULTS@#Seventy-two studies involving 9,296 patients with sub-health were included with 4,908 patients in experimental groups and 4,387 patients in control groups. The overall quality of included clinical research was not high. In the aspect of improving overall effective rate, relieving main symptoms, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) score, Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), Cornell Medical Index (CMI) score and discontinuation rate, the effects of experimental groups were better than that of control groups. According to available research reports, adverse reactions in Chinese herb groups were mainly mild gastrointestinal symptoms, which did not affect the treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Chinese herbs have a curative effect in the treatment of sub-health. However, there are no clear criteria for diagnosis and curative effectiveness judgment globally, which would affect the accuracy of curative effect evaluation.
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Xiao'er Zhixie Paste (XZP) by using the young rat model of chronic diarrhea,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Chronic diarrhea model in young rats was induced by ig senna.Rats were ig with Montmorillonite powder of 1.62 g/kg,XZP of low,medium,and high dose (2.03,4.05,and 8.10 g/kg) for treatment.Loose stools rate,loose stool grade and diarrhea index were determined 1 and 3 d after treatment respectively.The water content of small intestine was measured and blood was collected for testing serum succinate dehydrogenase (SDH),amylase,D-xylose by colorimetric determination,testing serum D-lactic acid,IL-1 β,and TNF-α by Elisa after administration.Results The rate of loose stools in XZP 4.05 and 8.10 g/kg dose group,and diarrhea index in 8.10 g/kg dose group significantly reduced after the first treatment.The loose stools rate of XZP 2.03,4.05,and 8.10 g/kg dose group,diarrhea index,serum D-lactic acid level in 4.05,8.10 g/kg group significantly reduced,and serum D-xylose level in 8.10 g/kg dose group significantly increased 3 d after treatment.However,XZP had no significant effect on SDH,amylase activity and IL-1β,TNF-α levels.Conclusion XZP has obvious therapeutic effect on chronic diarrhea in young rats,the mechanism is to increase improve the absorptive function and permeability of intestinal tract.
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important method for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The hematopoietic recovery after transplantation, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention and treatment are the key to affect transplant success. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) can improve the hematopoietic microenvironment, promote hematopoietic stem cell homing and hematopoietic recovery, support hematopoiesis. In aduition, the hUC-MSC have immune function for a variety of immune cells, can avoid and alleviate the host immune response, have a certain effect on the treatment of GVHD. This article reviews the research advances on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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To evaluate the methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials(RCTs) for traditional Chinese medicines for treatment of sub-health, in order to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of clinical trials and systematic review. Such databases as CNKI, CBM, VIP, Wanfang, EMbase, Medline, Clinical Trials, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTS for traditional Chinese medicines for treatment of sub-health between the time of establishment and February 29, 2016. Cochrane Handbook 5.1 was used to screen literatures and extract data, and CONSORT statement and CONSORT for traditional Chinese medicine statement were adopted as the basis for quality evaluation. Among the 72 RCTs included in this study, 67 (93.05%) trials described the inter-group baseline data comparability, 39(54.17%) trials described the unified diagnostic criteria, 28(38.89%) trials described the unified standards of efficacy, 4 (5.55%) trials mentioned the multi-center study, 19(26.38%) trials disclosed the random distribution method, 6(8.33%) trials used the random distribution concealment, 15(20.83%) trials adopted the method of blindness, 3(4.17%) study reported the sample size estimation in details, 5 (6.94%) trials showed a sample size of more than two hundred, 19(26.38%) trials reported the number of withdrawal, defluxion cases and those lost to follow-up, but only 2 trials adopted the ITT analysis,10(13.89%) trials reported the follow-up results, none of the trial reported the test registration and the test protocol, 48(66.7%) trials reported all of the indicators of expected outcomes, 26(36.11%) trials reported the adverse reactions and adverse events, and 4(5.56%) trials reported patient compliance. The overall quality of these randomized controlled trials for traditional Chinese medicines for treatment of sub-health is low, with methodological defects in different degrees. Therefore, it is still necessary to emphasize the correct application of principles such as blindness, randomization and control in RCTs, while requiring reporting in accordance with international standards.
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To explore novel ADP receptor inhibitors with anti-thrombotic activity, eighteen compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. The results showed that the activity of compound C1 was superior to ticlopidine in platelet aggregation inhibition tests in vivo and worthy for further investigation. Compounds A4, B2, C4 and C7 possessed moderate platelet aggregation inhibitory activities.
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To explore novel ADP receptor inhibitors with anti-thrombotic activity, eighteen compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. The results showed that the activity of compound C1 was superior to ticlopidine in platelet aggregation inhibition tests in vivo and worthy for further investigation. Compounds A4, B2, C4 and C7 possessed moderate platelet aggregation inhibitory activities.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Molecular Structure , Platelet Aggregation , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Thienopyridines , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor(pHGF) on renal function and cell apoptosis in kidney of rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:sham-operated control group(groupⅠ),renal ischemia reperfusion control group(groupⅡ),one experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) before renal IRI(group Ⅲ),and another experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) after renal IRI(group Ⅳ).The animals with renal IRI exposed to 45 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping.All ischemia reperfusion rats in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were intraabdomially injected equal volume of physiological saline(0.8 mL) at the time when the rats in experimental groups were administered 50 mg/kg pHGF.Twelve hours after IRI,samples for serum and the left renal tissue of each animal were taken.The serum sample was used to detect expression of serum creatinine(Scr),and the renal tissue sample for evaluation of apoptosis.Results Compared with the level of Scr in groupⅠ(22.775?6.508) ?mol/L,Scr was markedly higher in groupⅡ(120.850?22.237) ?mol/L(P0.05).Conclusions The laboratory investigation suggests that pHGF might be an effective pharmacological agent against renal IRI according to the findings of the evaluated parameters,and protective effect by pHGF against renal IRI might involved in the mechanisms decreasing tubular cells apoptosis.It is likely that pHGF is a potential therapentic agent in clinical renal IRI circumstances.