Self perception of malooclusion among dental and medical students

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its self-perception among medical and dental students of FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry and its correlation with understanding of treatment need. The total sample size was 385 [67% females, 23% males], aged from 18-25. Examination was conducted using a CPI probe according to DAI score and a questionnaire was filled by each participant. Chi-square and t-test were used to find relationship between malocclusion, its perception and treatment need with different independent variables. 60.3% of participants had no abnormality or minor malocclusion who needed no or minor treatment whereas, only 26.5%, 9.1% and 4.2% of subjects had definite, severe and very severe or handicapping malocclusion respectively to whom treatment was elective, highly desirable and mandatory. Out of there only 10.9% wanted to get treatment. It was concluded that there was adequate self-perception of malocclusion in the students but understanding for treatment need was very low

Parasitosis through the food-handlers and food samples of Lahore city

Parasitosis' means infection or infestation with parasites. Parasites are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of intestinal parasites is high especially in developing countries. To identify possible positive cases of intestinal parasitic infection among food handlers and also to determine the presence of intestinal parasitic cysts and ova in vegetables and meat. A co-relational descriptive study design. Study was conducted in two randomly selected markets of Lahore from January 2009 to June 2009. This study was designed to determine the association between various risk factors and the occurrence of intestinal parasites. Random sampling was done. Stool parasitological profile was done by direct smear and formaline-ethyl acetate sedimentation method. Both vegetables and meat samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasitic cysts and ova by using centrifugal-flotation technique. 58% vegetables, 71.1% meat and 34.5% stool samples were found to be positive for intestinal parasites. Of the parasites detected, the most common parsites infecting the food handlers were Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoids. Whereas parasites were more in the meat samples that were not properly stored than those that were kept in refrigerator. This study revealed that risk of intestinal parasites is in direct proportion to the poor sanitary conditions

Comparison of Jones JIG and distal jet molar distalizing appliances

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of Jones jig and distal jet appliance during class-II molar correction with maxillary first molar distalization, its tipping, extrusion, rotation as well as anchorage loss at premolar-incisor unit. Sixty patients were selected from Orthodontics department de,Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan and pre and post distalization lateral cephalograms and study casts were used as evaluation tools. Distal jet group showed 3.88 mm space creation during 7.11 months, out of which 2.93 mm [75.52%] was molar distalization while 0.93 mm [24.48%] was premolar mesialization as anchorage loss. There was 3.41§ molar tipping with 0.20 mm extrusion and 7.33 § distal tipping with 0.90 mm second cuspid extrusion whereas incisors had 1.65 § labial tipping. Right and left upper molars showed 1.30° and 1.18° rotation respectively. In the Jones jig group, the maxillary first molars were distalized to 3.30 mm on each side and tipped 6.70° distally. The maxillary second premolars moved mesially 2.00 mm with tipping of 7.48°.Therefore a total space created between first molar and second premolar was 5.30 mm i.e. 62.26% from first molar distalization while 37.74% from second premolar mesialization. In addition maxillary first molar extruded 0.70 mm and second bicuspid extruded 1.58 mm. Both right and left first molars were also disto-palatally rotated by 2.00° and 2.55° respectively though upper incisors showed 2.25° proclination during distalization. Distal jet appliance was found to be a more effective and predictable method for themaxillary first molar distalization through bodily translation with minimum tipping, extrusion, and rotation as well as anchorage loss

Dental crowding and its relationship to arch dimensions - gender dimorphism

This study was conducted on a sample of 120 individuals [60 male and 60 female individuals] with dental Class I malocclusion selected from different dental institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. The patients were divided into crowed and non crowed groups with equal numbers of males and females. The sample age ranged from 12-18 years with mean age of 15.2 years. Arch width and arch length were measured in upper and lower arches at inter-canine, inter-premolar, inter-molar distances. All measurements were taken from study dental casts by a calibrated operator using vernier caliper. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16 version for windows. The paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences between males and females and average values of the sample. The results showed that the average inter molar width in upper arch was 35.74mm to 36.95mm in females and males respectively in non crowded group. Average arch length was found 77.4mm to 82.7mm in upper arch with no crowding and 72.5mm to 76.1mm in crowded group. Males generally showed higher values in all dimensions but the differences were not statistically significant in comparison to females

Effects of distal jet appliance in class-II molar correction

This study was conducted on a sample of thirty patients selected from Orthodontics department de'Montmorency College of dentistry/ Punjab dental Hospital, Lahore. The purpose of study was to evaluate treatment effects of Distal Jet Appliance during Class-II molar correction with a focus on the magnitude of Maxillary first molar distalization, its tipping, extrusion, rotation as well as anchorage loss at premolar-incisor unit. Pre and post distalization lateral cephalogram and study cast were used as evaluation tools. Results showed that there was 3.88 mm space created during 7.11 months; out of which 2.93 mm [75.52%] showed molar distalization while 0.93 mm [24.48%] premolar mesialization as anchorage loss. There was 3.41% molar tipping with 0.20 mm extrusion and second premolar showed 7.33% distal tipping, 0.90 mm extrusion whereas Incisors showed 1.65% labial tipping

Soft tissue morphology in bimaxillary proclination

The purpose of this study was to find the pattern of soft tissue morphology in a sample of Pakistani population with bimaxillary proclination. Lateral cephalograms of 100 patients [50 males and 50 females] exhibiting bimaxillary dental proclination were used to determine the skeletal, dental and soft tissue patterns among the subjects. Cephalometric parameters were evaluated and the database was developed in SPSS 10.0 for windows. The bimaxillary protrusion sample was skeletal class II due to mild mandibular deficiency and the mandibular plane inclination was within normal range. The soft tissue analysis showed the protrusion of both upper and lower lips

Upper lip strain in bimaxillary proclination

The purpose of this study was to determine the upper lip by Holdaway's method in individuals with bimaxillary proclination and to find out correlations of skeletal convexity at point A and maxillary incisor inclination with upper lip inclination and upper lipstrain. Lateral cephalograins of 100 patients [50 males and 50 female and exhibiting bimaxillary dental proclination were exposed in closed lip position. Cephalometric radiographs were traced manually and the database was developed in SPSS 10.0 for windows. The results showed a significant positive correlation with upper lip strain measured by Holdaway's method. Holdaway's method reveals lip strain in the sample. No statistical significant correlations of skeletal convexity at point A and maxillary incisor inclination with upper lip inclination were found. A-FP distance revealed a significant negative correlation with upper lip strain recorded by Holdaway's method. I-FH and I-SN plane angles are significantly positively correlated with upper lip inclination and upper lip strain measured by Holdaway's method

Use of AgNOR index in grading and differential diagnosis of astrocytic lesions of brain

This study was conducted to see the importance of AgNOR staining in grading and differential diagnosis of Astrocytic lesions. It was a descriptive and prospective study conducted in Department of Pathology King Edward Medical University, from June-December 2002. AgNOR staining was performed on 60 randomly selected brain specimens of Astrocytic lesions including Astrogliosis and Astrocytoma. AgNOR count, size and dispersion were normal in Astrogliosis, low in Pilocytic Astrocytoma, high in grade II, higher in grade III and highest in grade IV. AgNOR counts of different grades of astrocytoma [2.97 +/- 0.96, 3.97 +/- 0.43, 6.01 +/- 2.74 and 8.01 +/- 3.56] were significantly [P< 0.01] greater as compared with counts of normal brain [0.40 +/- 0.01], and reactive gliosis [0.60"0.01]. There was no statistical difference in normal brain tissues and inflammatory lesions of the brain. AgNOR size and dispersion were of higher grade in significantly greater proportion in malignancy as compared to benign conditions. [P <0.05]. AgNOR size and dispersion were normal in Astrogliosis. Typing of AgNOR count, size and dispersion was found to be an important marker in grading and differential diagnosis of Astrocytic lesions, especially in Astrogliosis and low grade Astrocytoma

Medulloblastoma: a life threatening cancer of infancy and childhood

Medulloblastoma is a rare and aggressive tumor of the brain that usually occurs in children or young adults with a tendency to metastasize. The incidence in infant is rare. We came across one such child who presented with slight disorientation, vomiting, irritable personality and somewhat large size head. The clinical, radiological preoperative diagnosis was space occupying lesion in the posterior fossa. On histological examination it turned out to be Medulloblastoma of infratentorial region in posterior fossa

Qualitative assessment of bacteriological quality and chlorination status of drinking water in Lahore

Qualitative assessment of bacteriological quality and chlorination status of drinking water in Lahore. Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Lahore city from October 2000 to September 2001. Materials and A total of 2160 water samples from distribution system were tested from nine different localities of Lahore. These localities represented areas with different socioeconomic conditions [SEC]. Twenty water samples were tested from each locality from the same taps each month. All the water samples were subjected to H2S strip test for determination of bacteriological contamination as well as orthotolidine test for detection of chlorine. Four hundred and forty-six [20.64%] samples were positive for bacterial contamination. It was observed that contamination was the maximum in low SEC areas [32.22%], followed by intermediate SEC areas [18.47%] and high SEC areas [11.25%]. The difference was found to be statistically significant [p<0.01] among different areas. Only 27.73% samples were chlorinated. Positivity of samples for chlorine was the lowest in areas with low SEC[20.69%] and highest [32.77%] in areas with high SEC, the difference being statistically significant. Maximum contamination was present in samples tested during summer months[June-August] of the year [31.11%], followed by autumn months [September-November] of the year [20.9%], spring months [March-May] of the year [18.7%] and winter months [December-February] of the year [11.85%]. Samples tested during summer months showed the highest positivity [77.96%] for chlorine [p<0.001] as compared with other months of year. Among chlorinated samples 12.32% showed bacterial contamination. However, contamination was significantly higher [p<0.001] among non-chlorinated samples. Bacterial contamination of piped water is a significant problem in Lahore. Regular chlorination and monitoring of water supplies can improve it

comparative study of FDPs and D-dimers in patients with breast cancer

Seventy Five subjects were selected. Fifty subjects were breast cancer patients and 25 healthy control subjects were included. FDPs and D-dimers were performed by using commercially available kits. Results obtained were analyzed by using chi-square [X2] test and level of significance was done. A significant increase in the levels of FDPs and D-dimers were found in patients with breast cancer