ABSTRACT
Aim: The pathogenic potential of foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi inducing floral malady symptoms and fluctuation of nematode populations in tuberose were determined under field conditions. Methodology: Pathogenicity of A. besseyi on tuberose cv. Calcutta single was carried out with eight treatments and three replications. The freshly collected A. besseyi was inoculated into tuberose. Observations on plant growth parameters, disease severity and nematode populations were taken and analysed. The population of A. besseyi in tuberose cv. Bidhan Rajani-3 was monitored from the plots of a different set of experiment. Nematode population from flower samples collected from fixed plots at monthly interval during the crop growing period were extracted and estimated. Results: Inoculation of nematodes at higher levels progressively decreased plant growth parameters as compared to uninoculated ones. The inoculated plants displayed typical symptoms of foliar nematode infestation; the outer surface of flower stalk appeared rough, growth stunted, flower stalks distorted, stalk bearing a few florets even failed to bloom. An initial inoculum density of 100 nematodes per plant was found to be pathogenic in tuberose causing significant reduction in yield and quality of flower. Monitoring nematode population during the plant growth period (cv. Bidhan Rajani-3) revealed that A. besseyi maintained maximum population during rainy season coinciding with the start of heavy flush of tuberose and minimum during December to February. Interpretation: An initial inoculum density of 100 A. besseyi per plant was considered pathogenic to tuberose. The nematode population attained peak density during July when the air temperature, relative humidity and total rainfall remained fairly high and lowest during February to December.
ABSTRACT
To compare the efficacy of two different routes of administration of misoprostol for ripening the unfavorable cervix. Labor room in Basra Maternity [teaching] Hospital with 400 bed capacity. A prospective comparative study was conducted to compare two different routes of administration of misoprostol [Cytotec] for ripening the unfavorable cervix. The cervix was ripped using a 2cc of misoprostol solution [25 micro g] installed into e upper vagina. The cervix was ripped using a Foley's catheter, which was inserted to the extraamniotic space and 2cc misoprostol solution [25 micro g] was infused through the catheter into the extraamniotic space. The clinical trial involved a total of 180 pregnant women, in method I [92], and method II [98],the success rates in achieving cervical ripening were 100% for both groups. the ripening times in group II [primigravidae [6.05 +/- 2.25], multiparae [3.97 +/- 1.1]] were significantly shorter than those in group I [primigravidae [10.3 +/- 1.3], multiparae [9.22 +/- 1.32]. The induction delivery times were a slightly deferent in both groups in primigravidae; where as it was significantly shorter in multgravidae in group II. The vast majority of the women [100% in group I and 97% in group II] had vaginal delivery. This study confirms that vaginal and extra-amniotic misoprostol [which was evaluated for first time in this study] were effective in achieving cervical ripening but we recommend the use of vaginal misoprostol in stead of extraamniotic misoprostol because although it takes a longer priming time, it achieves a higher post ripening score, it is easily administered and do not requires special method for application as in the extraamniotic one. We also recommend that extraamniotic misoprostol is reserved for use in patient in whom quick cervical ripening is indicated