Metal accumulation, growth and nutrition of Vernonia polyanthes exposed to lead nitrate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be used to bioremediate areas contaminated by metals. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the lead (Pb2+) phytoaccumulation capacity, morpho-physiology and nutrition responses of Vernonia polyanthes exposed to a solution amended with concentrations of lead nitrate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of Pb2+ as lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2], two strains of AMF and an absolute control without lead and AMF. Lead negatively affected some morphophysiological variables, reduced 27.3, 25.63, 30.60, and 56.60% shoot length, root collar diameter, number of leaves and leaf area, respectively, besides reducing decreasing chlorophyll a. Lead accumulated in the shoot and roots, the latter at the highest concentrations. However, the translocation factor was above 1, indicating low efficiency. The bioaccumulation factor referring to the roots were above 1. The fungi colonization rate was low, 3.31% for Gigaspora margarita and 2.33% for Acaulospora morrowiae. However, the absorption of lead increased, reflecting in lower values of chlorophyll a, dry mass of root and diameter. Results indicated that the arboreal species V. polyanthes tolerate high concentrations of lead and can accumulate significant amounts in the roots. AMF increase the accumulation of lead in the shoot and can be used in projects aimed at the phytoextraction of metals.

Microbial responses to doses of cover plant straw in cerrado piauiense oxisol / Respostas microbianas a doses de palhada de plantas de cobertura em latossolo no cerrado piauiense

Carbon and nitrogen from the soil microbial biomass play a significant role in the rotation of C and N, and promote nutrient cycling. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the soil microbial biomass with growing doses of cover plant straw species. The cover plants cultivated in the cerrado biome region were incorporated an Oxisol Ustox. The straw of each cover plant was incorporated at doses of 0; 10; 20 and 30 Mg ha-1. The soil basal respiration was determined by incubating, after 21 days. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were determined by the method the microwave irradiation. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in extracts were determined by the wet combustion method and Kjeldahl-N. The metabolic quotient was calculated as the ratio between soil basal respiration rate and microbial biomass C, and the microbial quotient as the ratio between soil microbial biomass C and total carbon of soil. The soil microbial population measured by the attributes of quality responds to the addition of the of grass and legume straws incorporated to the soil; The treatments that cause the greatest stress to the microbial population, at 21 days, mediated by the metabolic quotient, are guandu-anão at a dose of 10 Mg ha-1; Guandu-anão and Guandu fava-larga at 20 Mg ha-1 and Brachiária at a dose of 30 Mg ha-1; The best result regarding microbial attributes of soil quality evaluated was observed with the incorporation of all doses of the straw of Crotalaria-ocroleuca

O carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana do solo desempenham um papel significativo na rotação de C e N, promovendo o ciclo de nutrientes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar mudanças na biomassa microbiana do solo com doses crescentes de palha de cobertura. As plantas de cobertura cultivadas no bioma cerrado foram incorporadas a um Latossolo Amarelo Eutrófico. A palha de cada planta de cobertura foi incorporada em doses de 0; 10; 20 e 30 Mg ha-1. A respiração basal do solo foi determinada por incubação, após 21 dias. O carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foram determinados pelo método da irradiação de micro-ondas, os seus teores de carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana nos extratos foram determinados pelo método de combustão úmida e Kjeldahl-N. O quociente metabólico foi calculado como a razão entre a taxa de respiração basal do solo e a biomassa microbiana, e o quociente microbiano a razão entre a biomassa microbiana do solo e o carbono total do solo. A população microbiana do solo medida pelos atributos de qualidade responde à adição de palhas de gramíneas e leguminosas incorporadas ao solo; Os tratamentos que causam maior estresse à população microbiana, aos 21 dias, mediados pelo quociente metabólico, são o guandu-anão na dose de 10 Mg ha-1; Guandu-anão e Guandu fava-larga a 20 Mg ha-1 e Brachiária na dose de 30 Mg ha-1; O melhor resultado em relação aos atributos microbianos de qualidade do solo avaliados foi observado com a incorporação de palha de Crotalaria-ocroleuca

Diretrizes para terapia intravenosa no idoso: pesquisa bibliográfica / Directrices para la terapia intravenosa en los idosos: investigación documental / Guidelines for intravenous therapy in elderly: a bibliographic research

Objective: To know the specific recommendations of intravenous therapy in the elderly. Method: Bibliographical research, the data sources were Policies and Procedures for Infusion Nursing of the Older Adult, Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice, Policies and Procedures for Infusion Nursing, Practice guidelines for intravenous therapy and Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter Related Infections and analyzed based on content analysis. Results: the professional must know the anatomical and physiological changes of aging, including patients and families in the education process; the puncture site should be greater quantity of subcutaneous tissue and bone support in selecting the catheter considering the smallest gauge possible for therapy prescribed. It is important to obtain a complete history of medications used, including the non-prescribed, phytotherapeutic or homemade preparations. Conclusion: The recommendations show how the elderly are different from young adult; this implies modifications and adaptations in the planning and development of nursing care.

Objetivo: Conhecer as recomendações específicas da terapia intravenosa no idoso. Método: Pesquisa bibliográfica, as fontes de dados foram Policies and Procedures for Infusion Nursing of the Older Adult, Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice, Policies and Procedures for Infusion Nursing, Diretrizes práticas para terapia intravenosa e Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter Related Infections e analisados com base na análise de conteúdo. Resultados: O profissional deve conhecer as mudanças anatômicas e fisiológicas do envelhecimento, incluir pacientes e familiares no processo de educação; o sítio de punção deve ter maior quantidade de tecido subcutâneo e suporte ósseo, na seleção do cateter considerar o menor gauge possível para a terapia prescrita. É importante obter o histórico completo de medicamentos usados, incluindo os sem receita médica, fitoterápicos ou preparações caseiras. Conclusão: as recomendações mostram o quanto o idoso é diferente do adulto jovem, isso implica em modificações e adaptações no planejamento e evolução do cuidado de enfermagem.

Objetivo: Conocer las recomendaciones específicas de la terapia intravenosa en los ancianos. Método: Búsqueda bibliográfica, las fuentes de datos fueron Policies and Procedures for Infusion Nursing of the Older Adult, Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice, Policies and Procedures for Infusion Nursing, Directrices prácticas para la terapia intravenosa y Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter Related Infections y analizados con base en el análisis de contenido. Resultados: los profesionales deben conocer los cambios anatómicos y fisiológicos del envejecimiento, incluir los pacientes y las familias en el proceso educativo, el lugar de la punción debe tener mayor cantidad de tejido subcutáneo y soporte óseo en la selección del catéter considerar el menor calibre posible para la terapia prescrita. Es importante obtener un historial completo de los medicamentos utilizados, incluidas las preparaciones de venta libre, remedios herbales o preparaciones caseras. Conclusión: Las recomendaciones muestran cómo los ancianos son diferentes de los adultos jóvenes, lo que implica modificaciones y adaptaciones en la planificación y desarrollo de la atención de enfermería.

Perfil dos recém-nascidos que utilizaram o cateter central de inserção periférica (CCIP) em um hospital universitário: estudo transversal / Profile of newborns who used peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in a university hospital: cross-sectional study

Este estudo surgiu da necessidade de conhecer como o CCIP tem sido utilizado em neonatos a fim de contribuir com mudanças na prática assistencial, proporcionando maior segurança ao paciente. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil dos neonatos que utilizaram o CCIP em uma UTI Neonatal de um Hospital Universitário. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, cujos dados foram obtidos de prontuários e analisados através de estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Dos 484 prontuários analisados, 90 (18,6%) pacientes utilizaram o CCIP. Os principais diagnósticos foram prematuridade e membrana hialina (26,7%). Os sítios de inserção mais utilizados foram veias basílicas (37,9%) e jugular direita (12,9%). As principais indicações de uso foram infusão de nutrição parenteral (56,5) e antibioticoterapia (12,9%). Os cateteres utilizados foram de silicone (57,3%) e poliuretano (42,7%). As complicações mais comuns foram quebra (23,2%), obstrução (17,1%), retirada acidental e bacteremia (13,4%), infiltração (12,2%), flebite (11,0%) e mal posicionamento da ponta do cateter (9,8%). A retirada do cateter ocorreu principalmente ao término da terapia (33,1%) e devido quebra do cateter (15,3%). A média de permanência foi de 12,9 dias. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que as características dos neonatos se relacionam com os estudos nacionais e internacionais, e que as complicações, em sua maioria, podem ser prevenidas...

This study arose from the need to know as PICC has been used in neonates in order to contribute to changes in care practice, providing patient safety. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of newborns who used PICC in a Neonatal Intensive Care unit of a University Hospital. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with data obtained from medical records and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Of the 484 charts reviewed, 90 (18.6%) patients used PICC. The main diagnoses were prematurity and hyaline membrane disease (26.7%). The insertion sites more used were basilic veins (37.9%) and jugular (12.9%). The main indications were infusion of parenteral nutrition (56.5) and antibiotics (12.9%). The catheters used were silicone (57.3%) and polyurethane (42.7%). The most common complication was breakage (23.2%), obstruction (17.1%), accidental withdrawal, and bacteremia (13.4%), infiltration (12.2%), phlebitis (11.0%) and malposition the catheter tip (9.8%). The catheter removal occurred mainly at the end of therapy (33.1%) and breakage of the catheter (15.3%). The average stay was 12.9 days. CONCLUSION: We found that the characteristics of newborns are related to national and international studies, and complications, most of them can be prevented...