ABSTRACT
Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside, mainly consists of phenolic compounds, responsible for many biological activities. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a precise, simple, robust, rapid and reliable reverse phase high -performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique by using Qbd approach for evaluating the rutin in nanoparticles. Central composite design (CCD) was employed for optimizing the experimental conditions of RP-HPLC method. Buffer pH, methanol content in the mobile phase composition, flow rate, and wavelength were selected as independent variables whereas retention time, peak area, and asymmetry factor was selected as dependent variables. The retention time, peak area and asymmetric factor of rutin by using optimized independent variables were found to be 3.75 min, 1014.79 mV, and 1.26 respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were found to be 0.005 µg/mL and 0.15 µg/mL respectively. For confirming linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness, the optimized assay condition was validated as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method, which was optimized by QbD approach was found to be a suitable method for analyzing the rutin in chitosan-sodium alginate nanoparticles.
Subject(s)
Rutin/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Nanoparticles/analysis , Phenolic Compounds/adverse effects , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
The present study was to extract the mucilage from the Okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) and to study the effect of mucilage concentration on in vitro release of Lamivudine from it’s sustained release matrix tablets. Mucilage was extracted from the fruits of Abelmoschus esclentus using organic solvent Acetone. The extracted mucilage was subjected to various physiological properties for its suitability as an excipient in the preparation of tablet. Lamivudine sustained release tablets were prepared using different concentration of Okra mucilage as a sustained release matrix excipient. The formulated tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, and in vitro drug release studies. Stability studies of optimized formulation were carried out for three months. The results of in vitro release revealed that the release rate decreased with increase in the concentration of mucilage. The release kinetics indicated that the nature of drug release from the matrix tablets was dependent on drug diffusion and polymer relaxation and therefore followed non-fickian or anomalous release. No incompatibility was observed between the drug and excipients used in the formulation of matrix tablets. The Okra mucilage showed promising results in terms of sustaining the release behavior of Lamivudine from the matrix. The developed sustained release tablets of Lamivudine, with extension of release up to 12 hours, can overcome all the disadvantages of conventional Lamivudine tablets.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present investigation is to encapsulate rofecoxib in niosomes and incorporate the prepared niosomes into dermal gel base for sustained therapeutic action. Niosomes were prepared by lipid film hydration technique and were analyzed for size, entrapment efficiency and drug retention capacity. Niosomal vesicles were then incorporated into blank carbopol gel to form niosomal gel. The in vitro permeation study across pig skin was performed using Keshary-Chien glass diffusion cell. The size and entrapment efficiency of the niosomal vesicles increased with gradual increase in HLB value of nonionic surfactants used. Maximum drug entrapment was observed with Span 20 with HLB value of 8.6 and drug leakage from vesicles was less at refrigerated condition than at the room temperature. Higher proportion of cholesterol made the niosomal formulation more stable with high drug retention properties. The niosomal gel showed a prolong drug release behavior compared to plain drug gel. Differential scanning calorimetric study of drug loaded gel and pig skin after permeation study confirmed inertness of carbopol gel base toward rofecoxib and absence of drug metabolism in the skin during permeation study, respectively. The niosomal formulations were successfully prepared by lipid film hydration technique using cholesterol and Span as nonionic surfactant. Presence of cholesterol made niosomes more stable with high drug entrapment efficiency and retention properties. The lower flux value of niosomal gel as compared to plain drug gel across pig skin assured the prolong drug release behavior with sustained action.