Síndrome vulvo vaginal gingival / Vulvo vaginal gingival syndrome

RESUMEN El liquen plano es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica mucocutánea, que puedeafectar piel, pelo, uñas y mucosas. La afectación concomitante de la mucosa oral y vaginal, conocida como síndrome vulvovaginal-gingival del liquen plano, es una variante infrecuente y grave del liquen plano caracterizada por erosiones o descamación de las mucosas: vulvar, vaginal ygingivo-oral, con predilección por la formación de cicatrices y estenosis. De curso evolutivo benigno, aunque en ocasiones puede sufrir una degeneración maligna. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 68 años con diagnóstico de Síndrome vulvovaginal-gingival.

ABSTRACT Lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease, which can affect the skin, hair, nails, and mucosa. Concomitant involvement of the oral and vaginal mucosa, known as vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome of lichen planus, is an infrequent and severe variant of lichen planus characterized by erosions or peeling of the mucosa: vulvar, vaginal, and oral gingival, with a predilection for formation of scars and stenosis. Of benign evolutionary course, although sometimes it can suffer a malignant degeneration. We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient diagnosed with vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome.

EL USO DE Enterococcus faecium MEJORA PARÁMETROS PRODUCTIVOS EN POLLOS DE ENGORDE / USAGE OF Enterococcus faecium TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN BROILERS

El consumo de probióticos se ha asociado con mejoras en algunos parámetros productivos como la conversión alimenticia y la ganancia de peso vivo, lo que se ve reflejado en el desarrollo y salud de las aves. el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de la inclusión de cepas probióticas en la alimentación de pollos de engorde sobre parámetros productivos de importancia económica. se utilizaron 180 pollos machos (Cobb) de un día de edad, alimentados con cinco dietas: dieta comercial con y sin la adición de antibióticos, y a esta última se le adicionó una de tres diferentes cepas probióticas (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus o Enterococcus faecium) en el agua de bebida (10(8) UFC/ml) durante 42 días. se evaluaron parámetros zootécnicos: consumo de alimento, peso corporal, conversón alimenticia (CA) y ganancia de peso (GDP); e indicadores productivos: supervivencia, factor de eficiencia americana (Fea), índice productivo (IP), eficiencia europea (EE) y eficiencia alimenticia (EA). El diseño estadístico utilizado fue de bloques al azar. La inclusión de probióticos, específicamente E. faecium, mejoró parámetros productivos (P < 0,05) como peso (2.730 g), conversión (1,55), GDP (53,59 g/día), FEA (172), iP (393), EE (400) y EA (63,11%). Por todo lo anterior, la utilización de probióticos, especialmente E. faecium, puede ser considerada como factor promotor de crecimiento durante todo el ciclo de producción del ave debido a que demostró tener efectos positivos, tanto en el desempeño productivo, como en el rendimiento económico del lote.

The intake of probiotics has been associated with improvements in production parameters such as feed conversion and body weight gain, which is reflected in the development and health of broilers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of probiotic strains in broiler feed on growth performance of economic importance. 180 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb) were used and fed with five diets: Commercial diet with and without the addition of antibiotic, to which was added one of three different probiotic strains (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Enterococcus faecium) in the drinking water (108 CFU/ml) of animals over 42 days. Were evaluated zootechnical parameters: Feed intake, body weight, feed conversion (FC), weight gain (WG); and productive indicators: mortality, american efficiency factor (AFE), production index (PI), european efficiency (EE) y feed efficiency (FE). The statistical design used was a randomized blok. The inclusion of probiotics, specifically E. faecium, improved production parameters (P < 0.05) like: weight (2730 g), conversion (1.55), WG (53.59 g/day), AFE (172), PI (393), EE (400) and AE (63.11%). Therefore, the use of probiotics, especially E. faecium, can be considered as growth promoters throughout the production cycle because the bird proved to have positive effects on productive performance and economic performance of the batch.

Detección del gnnoma del virus de la hepatitis (vhe) en muestras de heces de cerdos en plantas de beneficio de antioquia, Colombia / Detection o hepaatitis e vius (hev) genome from pigs feces samples in slauughterhouses in antioquia, Colombia

El Virus de la Hepatitis E (VHE) es uno de los agentes causales de enfermedad hepática aguda en humanos, aunque también puede inducir hepatitis crónica en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Existen cuatro genotipos que generan enfermedad en humanos: los genotipos 1 y 2 asociados con brotes epidémicos por consumo de aguas contaminadas y los genotipos 3 y 4 de trasmisión zoonótica, implicados en brotes esporádicos en países desarrollados donde el cerdo es el principal reservorio. En Colombia existe evidencia serológica de la infección en humanos y cerdos: se ha detectado el genoma viral en hígados de cerdos en plantas de beneficio y expendios de carne; sin embargo no se conoce lo suficiente sobre la infección en el país. Con el fin de determinar si los cerdos del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia) están excretando VHE en la edad del beneficio, se obtuvieron 152 muestras de heces de cerdos en cinco plantas de beneficio de distintas regiones del departamento en las que se determinó la presencia del genoma viral por medio RT-PCR. El porcentaje de positividad hallado fue del 26.9% (41/152); se encontró, además, que los cerdos que provenían de las subregiones Norte y Oriente de Antioquia tuvieron el menor (11.6%) y mayor (58.3%) porcentaje de muestras positivas, respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que los cerdos en el momento de sacrificio están excretando el virus a través de sus heces y que el VHE está circulando en las diferentes subregiones del departamento.

The Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is one of the causative agents of acute liver disease in humans, although it can also lead to chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. There are four genotypes that generate human disease: genotypes 1 and 2, associated with outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated waters, and genotypes 3 and 4 by zoonotic transmission, implicated in sporadic outbreaks in developed countries, where pigs are the main reservoir. In Colombia there is serological evidence of infection in humans and pigs: the viral genome has been detected in livers of pigs at slaughterhouses and butcher shops; however is not enough known about the infection in the country. In order to find out whether pigs in Antioquia (Colombia) are excreting the virus, the presence of the viral genome by RT-PCR was determined in 152 samples of pig feces obtained at five slaughterhouses of Antioquia, which came from different regions of the department. The percentage of positivity was 26.9% (41/152) and pigs that came from the North and East subregions of Antioquia had the lowest (11.6%) and higher (58.3%) percentage of positive samples, respectively. These results indicate that pigs at slaughter age are excreting the virus in their feces and that HEV is circulating in different subregions of the department.

LIPOPOLISACÁRIDOS DE E. coli AUMENTAN LA EXPRESIÓN MOLECULAR DE PßD-2 EN YEYUNO DE LECHONES POSDESTETE / E. coli LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES INCREASES THE PßD-2 MOLECULAR EXPRESSION IN JEJUNUM OF POSTWEANING PIGLETS

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la inflamación en yeyuno inducida por LPS de E. coli sobre la expresión molecular de PβD-2 en lechones posdestete. Materiales y métodos: el trabajo de campo se realizó en el Centro de Producción San Pablo de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín. El estudio se realizó con 32 cerdos destetados a los 21 días de edad, los cuales fueron alimentados durante 10 días con una dieta basal que tuvo como componentes leche y algunos de sus derivados, y que además cumplía con todos los mínimos nutricionales. Los cerdos fueron sacrificados escalonadamente los días 1, 5, 7 y 10 posdestete y se les extrajo completamente el yeyuno. Para inducir la inflamación intestinal los animales fueron alimentados con la dieta basal adicionada con 0.3 µg de LPS/mg de alimento. El diseño estadístico utilizado fue de bloques al azar en arreglo factorial de 2x4. Resultados: Se observó un aumento (P<0.01) en la expresión de PβD-2 en los animales que consumieron la dieta con mayor nivel de inclusión de LPS. Conclusiones: Los LPS de E. coli promueven la expresión molecular de PβD-2 secretada para la defensa intestinal; esto lleva a un desequilibrio en la diferenciación celular a nivel intestinal, lo cual podría provocar la presentación de cambios morfológicos intestinales, como disminución en la altura de las vellosidades e incremento en la profundidad de las criptas, además de reducir en las actividades enzimática y absortiva de nutrientes, lo que deriva en diarrea.

Objective: To evaluate the effect on jejunum inflammation induced by consumption of E. coli LPS on PβD-2 molecular expression in weaned piglets. Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted in San Pablo Production Center of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Medellin). 32 weaned pigs at 21 days of age were used. Animals were fed for 10 days with a basal diet of milk and some of its derivatives, and that also fulfilled all and 10 days after weaning and a complete extraction of jejunum was realized. To induce intestinal inflammation animals were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3 µg de LPS/mg feed). A randomized block design in a 2x4 factorial arrangement was used. Results: There was increase (P<0.01) in PβD-2 molecular expression in animals fed the diet with higher levels of inclusion of LPS. Conclusions: LPS from E. coli increases expression of PβD-2 secreted to the intestinal defense, this leads to imbalance in cellular differenthe nutritionals minimums. Pigs were sequentially slaughtered on days one, five, seven, tiation in the intestine. This cellular imbalance may cause the presentation of intestinal morphological changes characterized by the decrease in villus height and increased crypt depth, reduction in enzyme activity and nutrient absorption, and eventually diarrhea.

Cambios en la attividad enzimática en duodeno yyeyuno de cerdos durante varioss periodos posdestete / Changes in te ennzymatic activity in duodenum and jejunum ofpigs during sevveral postweaning peridds

Objetivos: evaluar los cambios en la actividad enzimática intestinal de algunos cerdos durante varios periodos posdestete. Materiales y métodos: el trabajo de campo se realizó en el Centro San Pablo, perteneciente a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín. El estudio se realizó con 16 cerdos destetados a los 21 días de edad. Los animales experimentales fueron alimentados durante 10 días con una dieta basal (DB) que tuvo como componentes leche y algunos de sus derivados y que además cumplía con los requerimientos nutricionales. Luego, los cerdos fueron sacrificados escalonada-mente los días uno, cinco, siete y diez posdestete, y se realizó extracción completa del intestino delgado, el cual fue dividido en dos secciones (duodeno y yeyuno) de igual tamaño. El análisis de la actividad enzimática (APN, DPP-IV, LPH, MGA y SI) se realizó mediante el método de velocidades iniciales y el diseño estadístico que se empleó fue completamente al azar, no obstante, los datos se analizaron mediante la aplicación de los modelos lineales generales (GLM) y de la prueba de duncan. Resultados: se evidencia que las enzimas presentaron diferencias (P < 0,01) durante los periodos posdestete. En el día cinco se observaron cambios negativos en todas las enzimas en comparación con su estado durante el primer día posdestete; sin embargo, entre el día uno y diez posdestete se presentaron diferencias entre APN, DPP-IV y LPH (P < 0,01). Además, se encontró que la sección proximal (duodeno) presentó las mayores actividades enzimáticas (P < 0,01). Conclusiones: el destete temprano disminuye la actividad enzimática a nivel intestinal, provocando la subutilización de los nutrientes de la dieta y, por ende, alta incidencia de diarreas durante esta etapa.

Objective: To evaluate changes in the enzymatic intestinal activity of pigs during several post-weaning periods. Materials and Methods: the experiment was conducted in San Pablo Production Center of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Medellín). Were used 16 weaned pigs at 21 days of age. Animals were fed for 10 days with a basal diet of milk and some of its derivatives, and that also fulfilled all the nutritionals minimums. Pigs were sequentially slaughtered on days one, five, seven, and 10 days after weaning and a complete extraction of small intestine was realized, and divided in two equal size sections (duodenum and jejunum). Enzymatical activity analysis (ApN, DpP-IV, LPH, MgA, SI) was performed using the initial rates method. The statistical design used was completely at random. Results: There were statistical differences for each of the enzymes under study (P<0.01). On day five negative changes were observed in all enzymes compared to their state during the first post-weaning day; however, between one and 10 post-weaning days there were significant differences in ApN, DpP-IV, LPH (P<0.01). The proximal section (duodenum) (P <0.01) showed the highest enzymatic activities. Conclusions: The early weaning causes the decrease of enzymatic activity at intestinal level, and the under-use of the nutrients, and therefore, high incidence of post-weaning diarrhea.

Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae): artificial diet effects on biological cycle

The lepidopterans Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae) have been found frequently in citrus groves in São Paulo State in recent years. Since in Brazil, the fertility cycle of these two species is largely unknown, as are details of the damage wrought by them in crops, this research studied these aspects of the two species, which were kept under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10 percent RH, 14 h photophase) and on an artificial diet. The duration of the biological cycle (egg-adult) for P. rostrana was 38.3 days and total viability was 44.0 percent; for P. erigens these values were 32.5 days and 63.6 percent, respectively. Both species showed five larval instars. Females of P. rostrana laid an average of 308 eggs, whereas those of P. erigens laid an average of 106 eggs. In both species, female pupae were heavier than males. Male and female longevity for both species was nearly 10 days. Based on the data obtained, the artificial diet produced better results in P. rostrana than in P. erigens. If these species, which have the potential to reach pest status in the citrus groves of São Paulo State, could be reared on an artificial diet, research on their control by alternative methods would be easier.

Os lepidópteros Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) e Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae) têm sido constatados com freqüência nos pomares cítricos do Estado de São Paulo, nos últimos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biologia das duas espécies, em condições de laboratório (temperatura 25 ± 2 °C, UR. 70 ± 10 por cento e fotofase de 14 h) em dieta artificial, elaborar uma tabela de vida de fertilidade e descrever os danos causados no campo, devido ao desconhecimento destes aspectos biológicos dos referidos insetos no Brasil. A duração do ciclo biológico (ovo-adulto) de P. rostrana foi de 38,3 dias e a viabilidade total de 44,0 por cento, enquanto para P. erigens foi de 32,5 dias e 63,6 por cento, respectivamente. Ambas as espécies apresentaram cinco ínstares e as pupas de fêmeas foram mais pesadas do que as de machos. As fêmeas de P. rostrana colocaram, em média, 308 ovos e as de P. erigens 106 ovos. A longevidade de machos e fêmeas das duas espécies foi próxima de 10 dias. Pela tabela de vida de fertilidade concluiu-se que P. rostrana tem melhor desempenho em dieta artificial que P. erigens. É possível criar estas espécies em dieta artificial, facilitando o desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas ao seu controle por métodos alternativos, caso elas assumam o status de pragas nos pomares de São Paulo.

Behavior of Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner and T. pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg masses

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto da barreira física presente nas posturas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) sobre o comportamento de Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner e Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. Foram avaliados: duração do período de reconhecimento externo do ovo, penetração do ovipositor, oviposição, tempo de permanência sobre a postura, deslocamento da fêmea entre ovos parasitados e número de ovos parasitados. A presença de escamas sobre as posturas aumentou significativamente o tempo gasto em cada etapa do comportamento para ambos os parasitóides e diminuiu o tempo de permanência da fêmea sobre a postura. O aumento no número de camadas de ovos sobre a postura diminuiu significativamente o número de ovos parasitados em relação a posturas com uma camada de ovos e sem escamas. Foi observado que as barreiras físicas sobre as posturas de S. frugiperda alteraram o comportamento de T. atopovirilia e T. pretiosum, afetando sua capacidade de parasitismo.

Coordinated, network-based research as a strategic component of science in Brazil

Scientific research plays a fundamental role in the health and development of any society, since all technological advances depend ultimately on scientific discovery and the generation of wealth is intricately dependent on technological advance. Due to their importance, science and technology generally occupy important places in the hierarchical structure of developed societies, and they receive considerable public and private investment. Publicly funded science is almost entirely devoted to discovery, and it is administered and structured in a very similar way throughout the world. Particularly in the biological sciences, this structure, which is very much centered on the individual scientist and his own hypothesis-based investigations, may not be the best suited for either discovery in the context of complex biological systems, or for the efficient advancement of fundamental knowledge into practical utility. The adoption of other organizational paradigms, which permit a more coordinated and interactive research structure, may provide important opportunities to accelerate the scientific process and further enhance its relevance and contribution to society. The key alternative is a structure that incorporates larger organizational units to tackle larger and more complex problems. One example of such a unit is the research network. Brazil has utilized such networks to great effect in genome sequencing projects, demonstrating their relevance to the Brazilian research community and opening the possibility of their wider utility in the future

Impacto en salud infantil del invierno 2002: disociación entre factores ambientales y virus respiratorio sincicial, en Santiago / The influence of winter 2002 in pediatric health: dissociation between environmental factors and respiratory syncytial viruses, in Santiago

BACKGROUND: The increase in winter related health pediatric demand is associated with three factors: cold and rainy weather, air pollution and respiratory viral epidemics. During the winter of 2002 there was, successively, heavy rain, air pollution, cold weather and a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic in Santiago. AIM: To study the influence of environmental factors and RSV epidemic on pediatric health care demand. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The number of hospital admissions and outpatient consultations for acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) from April to October 2002 (Autumn to Spring in Chile), were registered in a public pediatric hospital of Santiago. A respiratory virus surveillance (RSV, adenovirus influenza and parainfluenza virus) was carried out among children admitted for ALRI. Climate conditions and air pollution (number of particles of more than 10 microns/mm3) values were provided by local environmental health services. RESULTS: As expected, a rise in winter hospital admissions and outpatient consultations was detected, that peaked in week 29. This rise coincided with the higher RSV detection week. There was heavy rain in weeks 22, 23 and 30, as well as cold weather in June-July (weeks 23, 24, 26, 27 and 30; mid Winter), that did not increase health care demand. Likewise, high air pollution, registered from weeks 24 to 26, did not increase health care demand. CONCLUSIONS: RSV epidemic is the principal factor associated to the increase in health burden during winter in Santiago.

Derrame pleural paraneumonico y empiema en niños: descripcion de 23 casos / Parapneumonic pleural effusion and empyema in children: description of 23 cases

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo a 23 pacientes con neumonía con derrame. Resultados: 34.7% eran menores de 2 años. 56.6 % de sexo femenino. Los síntomas y signos fueron: fiebre (lOO%), disnea (82.6%), tos(82%), dolor torácico(43.4%), dolor referido(13.4%), hipoventilación(87%), soplo tubárico(34.7%) y crépitos(30.4%). Las radiografias mostraron derrame menor de 1/3 del hemit6rax en 56.5%, hasta la mitad 13% Yderrame total en 26%. El 43.7% de las ecografias mostraron septos, tabiques y detritos. Los leucocitos, la sedimentación y la PCR estaban elevados en todos. El líquido pleural mostró: pus (60%), DHLmayor de 1000U (58%) y glucosa menor de 40(46.1%). La prueba de látex en L.E fue positiva en 6 pacientes: 4 para neumococo, 1 para neumococo y meningococo y 1 para meningococo. Fueron positivos 9 cultivos de L.E: S. aureus: 31.6%, H influenzae: 10.5% y S. pneunwniae: 5.2%. La sensibilidad fue: de los 4 S. pneumoniae, 3 sensibles a la penicilina y uno resistencia intermedia, sensible a cefotaxime y cloranfenicoL. Todos los S. aureus fueron sensibles a oxacilina. De los 2 H. Influenzae, uno fue sensible a la ampicilina y otro resistente, sensible al cefotaxime y al cloranfenicoL. Dieciseis pacientes tuvieron sonda a tórax, en promedio 16 días. Seis pacientes requirieron decorticación. Conclusiones: Los niños menores de 2 años son los más afectados. La ecografia es importante para la orientación terapéutica. El látex es una prueba útil para el diagnóstico. El S. aureus y H influenzae son los gérmenes más frecuentes, la oxacilina y una cefalosporina de tercera son los antibióticos para iniciar la terapia.

Estimating parasitoid immature mortality by comparing oviposition and pupal development of trichogramma galloi Zucchi and T. pretiosum riley on natural and factitious hosts

Mortality during the immature development of T. galloi and T. pretiosum was estimated on UV-killed and live eggs of a factitious and a natural host, respectively. A staining technique was used to determine the actual parasitization of UV-treated eggs and was compared with the number of parasitoids that emerged per host egg (detectable parasitization). Effects of temperature as a factor of mortality during the immature development of both parasitoids on the factitious host was also assessed. The actual and detectable parasitization of live hosts was measured by recording both the parasitization behavior and the number of eggs where a parasitoid developed successfully. Our data show that mortality during immature development of both parasitoids may occur in live eggs of the natural host. No such mortality was observed when parasitoids developed on UV-killed eggs of the factitious host. Possible causes of parasitoid immature mortality and the effects of using UV-treated eggs of factitious hosts in estimating the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma in field conditions are discussed

Immunoregulation in human Schistosomiasis by idiotypic interactions and lymphokine-mediated mechanisms

Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) T cells from schistosomiasis patients or former patients proliferate upon exposure to polyclonal or monoclonal anti-soluble egg antigen (SEA) antibodies. Chloroquine does not inhibit, the response, which is induced by F(ab')2 (but not soluble Fab) fragments of these antibodies. Purified T cells from former patients require macrophages or exogenous IL-1 to respond to anti-SEA Ids and can respond to matrix-bound Fab fragments in the presence of IL-1. These anti-Id T cells recognize the Ids directly. Chronic schistosomiasis patients immunoregulate the production of a non-IL-2 lymphokine that stimulates IL-2 receptor expression on resting T cells. This regulation is reversed upon chemotherapeutic cure.

Infarto agudo del miocardio. Revision de 1975 a 1981. / Acute myocardial infarction. Review from 1975 to 1981

El presente estudio revisa los ingresos por infarto miocardico agudo a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo del Hospital de San Jose, durante el lapso comprendido entre 1975 a 1981.En el se analizan el comportamiento del infarto en nuestro medio, su localizacion, sus complicaciones y las caracteristicas de la mortalidad