Development of Cardiac Output Monitoring Technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

Cardiovascular disease has become a serious disease that threatens the health of human beings, cardiac output is an important indicator of cardiovascular function, monitoring cardiac output and related hemodynamic parameters have significant clinical value. This article summarizes the development history, principle, method, advantages and disadvantages of various monitoring technologies from three aspects:invasive, minimally invasive and noninvasive, the development and application of cardiac output monitoring technology are prospected.

Research Progress of External Defibrillation Technique and Its Application / 中国医疗器械杂志

Defibrillator is an important first aid equipment with people attach importance to life and health in today, people pay more attention to the development of defibrillator. This paper reviews the development history of the defibrillator, gives a brief introduction to the structure and working principle of the defibrillator, and then analyzes the key technology of defibrillator, compares the mainstream products on the market and prospects the development trend of defibrillator.

Correlations between the expressions of Smad4, estrogen receptor and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To explore the expressions of Smad4 and estrogen receptor (ER) and their interrelation,and the relationship with the clinicopathological features of breast cancer.Methods The immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expressions of Smad4 and ER in 50 case of invasive cancer,12 cases of carcinoma in situ and 15 cases of normal breast tissues.The differences in different clinical stages,differentiation degrees and nodal metastases were analyzed.The correlation between Smad4 and ER was explored.Results The positive expression rate of Smad4 in invasive cancer was 52.00％,which lower than that in normal breast tissue (93.33％),with a significant difference (x2 =8.329,P =0.004),positive expression rates of ER were 60.00％ and 40.00％ respectively,with no significant difference (x2 =1.868,P =0.172).The positive expression rates of Smad4 in carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer were 75.00％ and 52.00％ respectively,with no significant difference (x2 =2.082,P =0.149).The positive expression rates of ER were 58.33％ and 60.00％ respectively,with no significant difference (x2 =0.011,P =0.916).The positive expression of Smad4 was related to the TNM stage (x2 =6.392,P =0.011) and the lymph node metastasis (x2 =6.738,P =0.009),but it was not associated with the histologic grade (x2 =0.542,P =0.462).The positive expression of ER was related to the lymph node metastasis (x2 =4.133,P =0.042) and histologic grade (x2 =5.357,P =0.021),but it was not associated with the TNM stage (x2 =1.159,P =0.282).There was positive correlation between Smad4 and ER in breast cancer tissue (r =0.263,P =0.032).Conclusion Smad4 is expressed at lower level in breast cancer than in normal breast tissue.The expressions of Smad4 and ER are related to the different clinicopathological features of breast cancer with positive correlation.

Expressions of Beclin 1 and its interacting proteins in 3T3-L1 differentiation and subcutaneous/visceral fat / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To compare the expressions of Beclin 1 and its 11 interacting proteins in subcutaneous fat and visceral fat,and to observe the expressions of these genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation process.Methods In 3T3-L1 adipocytes,cells were harvested at day 0,2,4,6,8 in differentiation process,and then proteins or mRNAs were obtained and followed with Western blot and realtime PCR.Mice tissue proteins or mRNAs were detected with Western blot and realtime PCR.Results In 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation process,expressions of LC3,Beclin 1,and TNFAIP3 continued to rise,expression of BIRC5 was high to low,FEZ1 continued at a low level.In mice,expressions of LC3,Beclin 1,YWHAQ,FEZI,BAD,WAC,TNFAIP3,and GOPC in visceral fat were significantly higher than those in subcutaneous fat,while expression of SLAMF1was higher in subcutaneous fat.Conclusion Autophagy plays an important role in 3T3-L1 differentiation process and may be tissue-specific in visceral fat and subcutaneous fat.