Study on the correlation between dietary inflammatory index and reflux esophagitis / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between inflammatory diet and reflux esophagitis (RE) with the dietary inflammatory index (DII), and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of RE at the level of dietary guidance.Methods:From December 2021 to September 2022, 145 RE patients (RE group) who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were recruited. During the same period, 145 subjects who underwent check-ups at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected as the healthy control group, and age and gender were matched according to the ratio of 1 to 1. The baseline data of the 2 groups, including body mass index, the history of smoking and drinking, poor dietary habits, and physical activity intensity were collected. Dietary intake of the patients was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the overall DII was calculated to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects of diet. According to the tertiles of the DII of the healthy control group (33.3% and 66.7% as the cut-off), dietary inflammatory potential was divided into low (<-0.06), moderate (-0.06 to 1.11) and high pro-inflammatory potential diet (>1.11). Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the correlation between DII and RE risk. Linear trend test was used to compare the overall change trend of RE risk OR value along with the increase of DII. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The body mass index of RE group was higher than that of healthy control group( (24.11±2.57) kg/m 2 vs. (23.38 ±2.60) kg/m 2), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.41, P=0.017). The proportions of smoking, drinking, over-eating, and eating within 3 h before bedtime of RE group was higher than those of the healthy control group (42.8%, 62/145 vs. 31.0%, 45/145; 31.0%, 45/145 vs. 16.6%, 24/145; 33.1%, 48/145 vs. 17.9%, 26/145; 52.4%, 76/145 vs. 13.1%, 19/145), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.28, 8.39, 8.78 and 50.86, P=0.039, 0.004, 0.003 and<0.001). While the proportions of night snacking and moderate to severe physical activity of RE group were lower than those of the healthy control group (14.5%, 21/145 vs. 24.1%, 35/145; 22.8%, 33/145 vs.37.2%, 54/145), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.34 and 7.24, P=0.037 and 0.007). The DII of RE group was higher than that of the healthy control group (1.05 (0.03, 1.62) vs. 0.34(-0.61, 1.35)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=8 661.50, P=0.010). Compared with the low pro-inflammatory potential diet, high pro-inflammatory potential diet had a 1.30-fold increased the risk of RE ( OR=2.30, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.29 to 4.09, P=0.005). After adjusting for total energy intake, age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, education level, and physical activity intensity, the high pro-inflammatory potential diet was still positively correlated with the risk of RE ( OR=2.58, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.76, P=0.020). In the continuous DII, the risk of RE increased by 36% for each 1 increase in DII ( OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.68, P=0.003). After adjusting for major confounding factors, the continuous DII was still positively correlated with the risk of RE ( OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.85, P=0.012; OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.93, P=0.023). The results of trend test showed that the higher the DII, the greater the risk of RE ( P=0.039). Conclusions:Pro-inflammatory diet is correlated with the increased risk of RE, and there is a certain dose-response relationship. Reasonable reduction of the intake of pro-inflammatory food may be beneficial to reduce the risk of RE.

Iodine nutrition level and its spatial distribution in key populations in Hubei Province in 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutrition level and its spatial distribution status in key populations in Hubei Province, so as to provide a basis for adjustment of iodine supplementation policy and the realization of scientific and accurate iodine supplementation.Methods:In 2020, a sampling was carried out in Hubei Province according to the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Plan (2016 Edition)" to monitor the concentration of salt iodine and urinary iodine of key populations (children ages 8 - 10 years old and pregnant women). The spatial distribution of iodine nutrition levels was analyzed by spatial epidemiology.Results:The median salt iodine of 17 263 children's family salt samples was 25.0 mg/kg, and the median urinary iodine (MUI) was 217.0 μg/L. There was significant spatial aggregation in the distribution of urinary iodine level in children at the county level ( Moran's Index = 0.36, P < 0.001). The significant hot spot areas with high urinary iodine level among children were located in Shiyan City and Xiangyang City, while the significant cold spot areas with low urinary iodine level were mainly concentrated in Yichang City. The median salt iodine of 8 618 pregnant women's family salt samples was 25.1 mg/kg, the MUI was 176.3 μg/L. The urinary iodine level among pregnant women at the county level was spatially clustered ( Moran's Index = 0.22, P = 0.003) . The significant hot spot areas with high urinary iodine level among pregnant women were mainly in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, the significant cold spot areas were mainly concentrated in Yichang City. Conclusions:In 2020, the iodine nutrition of children in Hubei Province is at a super appropriate level (200 - 299 μg/L), and the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women is more sensitive, which is close to the lower limit of the appropriate level (150 μg/L). The urinary iodine level of children and pregnant women has significant spatial aggregation at the county level. Targeted intervention will be needed in counties (dictricts) where the urinary iodine level is lower or higher than the normal range, to achieve accurate and scientific iodine supplementation.

Alterations in the intestinal microbiota of preterm infants with neurodevelopmental impairments: a prospective cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the difference in intestinal microbiota between preterm infants with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and those without NDI.@*METHODS@#In this prospective cohort study, the preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from September 1, 2019 to September 30, 2021 were enrolled as subjects. According to the assessment results of Gesell Developmental Scale at the corrected gestational age of 1.5-2 years, they were divided into two groups: normal (n=115) and NDI (n=100). Fecal samples were collected one day before discharge, one day before introducing solid food, and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year. High-throughput sequencing was used to compare the composition of intestinal microbiota between groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the NDI group had a significantly higher Shannon diversity index at the corrected gestational age of 1 year (P<0.05). The principal coordinate analysis showed a significant difference in the composition of intestinal microbiota between the two groups one day before introducing solid food and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the NDI group had a significantly higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the intestine at all three time points, a significantly higher abundance of Enterococcus one day before introducing solid food and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year, and a significantly lower abundance of Akkermansia one day before introducing solid food (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are significant differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota between preterm infants with NDI and those without NDI. This study enriches the data on the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in preterm infants with NDI and provides reference for the microbiota therapy and intervention for NDI in preterm infants.

Effect of plastic and aesthetic surgery on complex facial injuries in children / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To analyze the anatomical distribution of complex facial injuries (woun-ds ≥8 cm in length and involving two or more anatomical areas) in children, and to explore the effect of plastic and aesthetic surgery.Methods:A total of 157 children with complex facial injury were admitted to the Plastic Surgery Department of Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021, including 94 males and 63 females, aged from 2 to 18 years, with an average age of 6.2 years. The wound length was 8-20 cm, with an average length of 10.3 cm. Plastic surgery techniques were used to design different primary repair schemes according to specific wound conditions, and early postoperative scar prevention and treatment were carried out.Results:In 157 cases, 331 anatomical areas were involved, most of which were buccal (75 sites). The injury caused by sharp instruments (glass, ceramic tile, cutting tools, etc.) ranked the first place with 78 cases. All patients were followed up for more than 3 months, and the results showed 146 cases of primary healing, 11 cases of delayed healing, 8 cases of scar hyperplasia, 149 cases of good morphological and functional recovery.Conclusions:The advantages of using plastic and cosmetic surgery techniques to treat complex facial injuries lie in the emphasis on anatomical and functional reduction and tension-reducing suture, combined with a variety of postoperative scar prevention and treatment measures, and the results are satisfactory.

Repair of soft tissue defect around ankle with lateral tarsal artery island flap / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the surgical method and therapeutic effect on repairing soft tissue defects around ankle with lateral tarsal artery island flap.Methods:From July 2013 to December 2020, the lateral tarsal artery island flap were used to repair the soft tissue defects around ankle in 12 patients in Hand Surgery Department, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Binjiang College. Of which, 6 patients had soft tissue defects complicated with bone or tendon exposure after injury and 6 had skin necrosis with internal fixation after fracture. The area of soft tissue defects was 6.0 cm×4.0 cm-9.0 cm×5.0 cm, and the size of the flaps was 7.0 cm×5.0 cm-10.0 cm×6.0 cm. After the flap was freed, the vascular pedicle was separated up to the origin of dorsalis pedis artery. As the pedicel was not long enough in 1 patient, the dorsal pedis artery was ligated and transected at the origin of the lateral tarsal artery. Full thickness skin graft was used to repair the donor sites. The patients were treated with anti-infection and anticoagulant therapies. The postoperative follow-ups were conducted by outpatient clinic visit, telephone or WeChat interviews or home visit to observe the recoveries in texture, appearance, sensation, donor site and function of ankle.Results:All the flaps and skin grafts survived. The wound healed well without occurrence of ulcer. The follow-up ranged 6-108 months (mean 17 months). Appearance of the flaps was good. It was not bloated and the sensation was restored to S 2-S 3. Conclusion:It is a good method to apply the lateral tarsal artery island flap in repair of the soft tissue defects around ankle. It features a hidden donor site, simple operation and the high level of safety. The texture and appearance of the flap are close to those of the recipient site.

Risk factor analysis of 46 cases of ulcerative colitis complicated with thromboembolism / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To analyze the independent risk factors of ulcerative colitis (UC) with thromboembolism (TE), in order to diagnose UC with TE as early as possible and take corresponding preventive measures, so as to improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality of UC with TE.Methods:From January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020, at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020, at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, during hospitalization 46 patients diagnosed with UC with TE were enrolled. According to the ratio of 1∶2, at same period 92 simple UC patients were selected as control. The condition of embolization of UC patients with TE was analyzed. The clinical data(hypertension history, length of hospital stay, etc.), the degree of disease activity, laboratory test indicators (prothrombin time (PT), D-dimer, fibrin degradation product(FDP), hemoglobin(Hb), mean platelet volume(MPV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), etc.)of the patients of UC with TE and UC without comorbidities were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of UC with TE. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 46 cases of UC with TE, 14 cases (30.4%) had single site venous TE, mainly venous thrombosis of lower limbs; 20 cases (43.5%) had single site arterial TE, mainly myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction; 12 cases (26.1%) had multi-site TE. The proportion of patients with hypertension history and with severe active period of UC, and the levels of D-dimer, FDP, ESR and CRP in patients with UC with TE were all higher than those in patients without comorbidities(52.2%, 24/46 vs.33.7%, 31/92, 45.7%, 21/46 vs.19.6%, 18/92, (822.03±654.33) μg/L vs.(230.28±225.62) μg/L, 5.77 mg/L(6.87 mg/L) vs. 2.10 mg/L(1.55 mg/L), (46.32±28.27) mm/1 h vs.(33.08±24.30) mm/1 h, 22.05 mg/L(46.42 mg/L) vs. 5.58 mg/L(11.58 mg/L)); the hospital stay and PT were longer than those in patients without comorbidities ((12.76±10.18) d vs.(8.66±4.89) d, (14.13±6.06) s vs.(11.86±1.42) s); the Hb and MPV were lower than those in patients without comorbidities ((110.91±31.38) g/L vs.(123.83±27.67) g/L, (9.60±0.94) fL vs.(10.04±1.16) fL; and the differences were statistically significant( χ2=4.37 and 10.29, t=-5.96, Z=-5.78, t=-2.85, Z=-3.87, t=-2.58, -2.50, 2.47 and 2.47; all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that severe activity period of UC ( OR=3.079, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.100 to 8.615), hypertension history ( OR=4.454, 95% CI 1.467 to 13.519), and D-dimer level( OR=1.003, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.005) were all independent risk factors of UC with TE(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Lower extremity venous, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction are common in UC with TE. Severe activity period of UC, history of hypertension and D-dimer level are independent risk factors of UC with TE. These above factors should be paid attention to and corresponding prevention should be taken.

Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019. Methods: The data of hepatitis A incidence in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019 were collected from the infectious disease surveillance system of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. ArcGIS 10.7 software was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis. SaTScan 9.6 software was used for spatiotemporal scanning analysis. SPSS 25.0 software was used for additional analysis. Results: Zhejiang Province has reported 5 465 cases of hepatitis A in 2010-2019 years, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.00/100 000, and periodicity and seasonality are not obvious. The incidence of male was higher than that of female (P=0.023), and the highest incidence rate was 50-59 years old. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation between the incidence of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2017, with the weakest correlation in 2010 (Moran's I =0.103, Z=1.769, P=0.049), and the strongest correlation in 2016 (Moran's I=0.328, Z=4.979, P=0.001). Spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that there was spatial aggregation of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019, with a total of three aggregation areas identified. Among them, the mostly aggregation area was concentrated in Xiangshan county of Ningbo city, which covered 10 counties (cities and districts), including Ninghai county and Yinzhou district, and appeared from January 1 to June 30, 2012. Conclusion: The incidence level of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province shows a stable fluctuation trend from 2010 to 2019, and the seasonal regularity is not obvious. The population group aged 50-59 years old is the key population. There is spatial aggregation in the epidemic situation of hepatitis A. Targeted prevention and control measures of hepatitis A should be done based on the law of spatiotemporal aggregation and local incidence.

Repair of soft tissue defect after digit degloving injury with free medial perforator flap of arm / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the surgical technique and therapeutic effect of flap wrapping repair of soft tissue defect after digit degloving injury with free arm medial perforator flap.Methods:From October 2009 to December 2020, 15 patients with soft tissue defect after digit degloving injury were repaired with free arm medial perforator flaps. The patients were 9 males and 6 females aged 22 to 50 years old, with an average of 32 years old. Injury mechanism: 13 cases of machine strangulation and 2 cases of machine crushing. Plane of sleeve avulsion injury: at the distal metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb in 2 cases, at the middle and distal segment of single finger of 2nd to 5th fingers in 4 cases, and at distal metacarpophalangeal joint of 2nd to 5th fingers in 9 cases. Seven cases were in left hand and 8 in right hand. Emergency surgery was performed in 2 cases and scheduled surgery in 13 cases. The flap was designed in a shape of a long strip, and the size of the flap was 5.0 cm×2.5 cm-14.0 cm×3.5 cm. During the operation, the artery of the flap pedicle was anastomosed with the palmar digital proper artery or common digital artery of the recipient digit, the subcutaneous vein or the companion vein of the artery was anastomosed with the dorsal or palmar digital subcutaneous vein, and the medial brachial cutaneous nerve carried in the flap was anastomosed with the stump of palmar digital proper nerve. All the donor sites were directly sutured. After the surgery, follow-up visits were conducted regularly at outpatient clinic, or via telephone and WeChat review or by home visit. The flap appearance, sensation and function recovery of digital joints were observed together with the patient satisfaction. Results:All flaps survived successfully after surgery. Six patients with degloving defect of the whole digit had encountered poor wound healing caused by distal phalangeal necrosis. The second stage stump trimming was performed to keep the digit to the distal end of the middle segment. Two cases of thumb and 2 cases of middle finger suffered further burning and worn tears at 7-9 months after surgery and self-healed. The follow-up period was 6-28 (average 16) months. The flap was soft without bloating. The sensation recovered to S 2-S 3. The shape of fingers was good, and no secondary flap surgery was necessary. The overall movement of interphalangeal joints was poor. According to the evaluation standard of Michigan hand function questionnaire, 15 patients achieved very satisfactory with the overall appearance and function of hands. The linear scars at donor site were hidden without complications such as tenderness and contraction. Conclusion:The free medial perforator flap of the arm is easy to design and thin, hence does not affect the shape of a digit. So, it is ideal for the repair of soft tissue defect after digit degloving injury.

Cinnamaldehyde inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and sternness via modulation of CD44s/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the proliferation and stemness of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, and its possible mechanism of action.Methods CCK8 assay was used to detect the effect of cinnamaldehyde treatment on cell viability at different concentrations(0, 5, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100, 150 μmol·L-1)and different intervention time(24, 48, 72 h).CFSE proliferation assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde on PANC-1 cells.Colony formation assay was employed to determine the colony-forming ability of PANC-1 cells after cinnamaldehyde treatment.The sphere formation assay was employed to detect the effects of cinnamaldehyde on sphere-forming ability in PANC-1 cells.Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR analysis were applied to determine the expression levels of Nanog, Sox-2 and Oct-4.Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of CD44+CD24+ cells and ALDH+ cells in cinnamaldehyde treated and untreated PANC-1 cells.Western blot analysis was used to detect the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the expression of CD44s, p-STAT3 and STAT3 in PANC-1 cells.Results Cinnamaldehyde suppressed cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and inhibited tumor-cell proliferation and colony forming ability significantly in a dose-dependent manner in PANC-1 cells.Sphere-forming assay showed that cinnamaldehyde could significantly inhibit sphere-forming ability in suspension culture of PANC-1 cells.The mRNA and protein expression levels of three stemness-related genes were down-regulated after cinnamaldehyde treatment.In addition, cinnamaldehyde treatment significantly decreased the proportion of CD44+CD24+ cells and ALDH+ cells.Western blotting showed that cinnamaldehyde inhibited the expression of CD44s and p-STAT3, while it had no effect on the expression of STAT3.With the addition of STAT3 activator(Colivelin TFA), the inhibition of cinnamaldehyde on proliferation and tumor-cell stemness in PANC-1 cells was partially rescued.Conclusions Cinnamaldehyde significantly inhibits the proliferation and tumor-cell stemness of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, and the mechanism could be related to the modulation of CD44s/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Research progress of dopamine and dopamine receptor in pathogenesis of asthma / 中国药理学通报

Asthma is a common respiratory disease charaeterized by airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in human body.In reeent years it has been reported that dopamine reeeptor is expressed in immune eells, type I alveolar eells, airway epithelium and airway smooth muscle, and affects ovalbumin ( OVA )-indueed asthma in animals.This review introduees the role of dopamine in the occurrence and development of asthma from the aspeets of airway inflammation, pulmonary nerve regulation, airway epithelial and smooth muscle abnormalities.

Quercetin attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE KO mice by regulating macrophage cholesterol homeostasis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of quercetin on atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet in ApoE knockout ( ApoE KO) mice and its regulatory mechanism on cholesterol homeostasis of macrophages.Methods Forty-five adult female ApoE KO mice were randomly divicied into three groups : nonnal diet ( ND ) group, high fat diet ( HFD) group and high fat diet + quercetin ( HFD + Qu) group and fed for 16 weeks.The level of serum lipid, the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the expression of genes related to cholesterol homeostasis were detected.Macrophage cholesterol content and the expression level of cholesterol homeo- stasis-related proteins were detected.Results Quer cetin significantly reduced the atherosclerotic lesions and serum lipid levels in ApoE KO mice.Quercetin significantly suppressed macrophage foaming by upreg- ulating CYP27A1 expression，inhibiting CD36-mediated cholesterol uptake and and promoting LXHcx-ABCAl/ G1 pathway-dependent cholesterol efflux.Conclusions Quercetin plays a protective role in atherosclerosis through its regulatory effect on CYF27A1/ LXHa signaling pathway-mediated macrophage cholesterol homeostasis.

Study on the Fixation Effect of Plate in the Middle Tibial Fracture Based on Finite Element Analysis / 中国医疗器械杂志

In this study, tibial shaft fracture has been treated with implants as numerically to investigate the stress behavior and the effect of plate material, position and length under pressure load. Plates of stainless steel, titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V), or CF-PEEK(CF50) were used to fix the tibial shaft comminuted fracture in different location and different working length. The maximum stress, the maximum micromotion of fracture and the stress shielding of cortex bone were analyzed. CF50 is more ideal biomechanical fixation material than traditional metal material for the treatment of tibial shaft comminuted fractures. In the treatment of tibial shaft comminuted fracture, lateral position and with relatively long working length of the plate have the advantages in micromotion, stress and stress shielding rate of the fracture end.

Effect of Bushen Shugan Prescription on Oxidative Stress and TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway in Hippocampus of Senile Depressed Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the changes in oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁ （TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）/Smad signaling pathway in hippocampal tissue of senile depressed mice after chronic unpredictable mild stress and to explore the possible anti-depression mechanism of Bushen Shugan prescription. Method:Ninety five-month-old mice were randomly divided into six groups， namely the normal group， senile depression model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Bushen Shugan prescription groups， and fluoxetine group， with 15 in each group. Mice in all groups， except for the normal group， were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） for inducing the senile depression. Since the first day of modeling， the mice in the high-， medium- and low-dose Bushen Shugan prescription groups were gavaged with 19.5， 9.75， 4.87 g·kg^-1 Bushen Shugan prescription， the ones in the fluoxetine group with 0.033 g·kg^-1fluoxetine， and those in the normal and senile depression model groups with an equal volume of normal saline for 21 successive days. The behavioral responses of mice in each group were evaluated in the open field test （OFT）， and the hippocampal tissues of mice were collected for testing the relevant indexes. The superoxide dismutase （SOD） content was determined by WST-1 method， malondialdehyde （MDA） content by TBA method， glutathione （GSH） content by micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and mRNA expression of TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁， Smad2， Smad3， and Smad7 by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with the normal group， the senile depression model group exhibited significantly lowered horizontal and vertical scores in OFT， decreased SOD and GSH contents in hippocampal tissues， elevated MDA （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， up-regulated TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁， Smad2， and Smad3 mRNA expression， and down-regulated Smad7 （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the senile depression model group， Bushen Shugan prescription at the high， medium， and low doses and fluoxetine all increased SOD and GSH contents in mouse hippocampal tissues， decreased the MDA content （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， down-regulated the mRNA expression of TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁， Smad2， and Smad3 in hippocampal tissues， and up-regulated the Smad7 mRNA expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The comparison with the high-dose Bushen Shugan prescription group showed that the SOD and GSH contents in hippocampal tissues of mice in the medium- and low-dose Bushen Shugan prescription groups declined significantly， while the MDA contents rose significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Besides， the mRNA expression levels of TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁， Smad2 and Smad3 in the hippocampal tissues of mice in the medium- and low-dose Bushen Shugan prescription groups were significantly up-regulated， and those of Smad7 were significantly down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Bushen Shugan prescription alleviates the depression symptoms in aged SAPM8 mice possibly by regulating the hippocampal oxidative stress and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁/Smad signaling pathway.

Application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the analysis of the pollution homology of clean room in workshop / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the source of microbial contamination in the clean room of the workshop. Methods Microbiological sampling was carried out from the air, environment and personnel of the workshop. The samples were cultivated, the microorganisms were detected by MALDI-TOF-MS, and homology analysis was performed with the microbial identification system of the instrument. Results A total of 14 species and 41 strains of bacteria were detected. Nine strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis were selected for homology analysis, and the Staphylococcus epidermidis from personnel gloves and headgear had 94% homology. There was 83% homology among the staphylococcus epidermidis derived from the sedimentation bacteria, the ground environment and personnel, which was higher than the 71% of the standard strain. Conclusion The homology analysis demonstrates that the pollution in the clean room of the workshop mainly comes from personnel, and secondly comes from the environment outside the workshop. Enterprises need to strengthen management to prevent the occurrence of microbial contamination. MALDI-TOF-MS can be used for rapid detection of complex environmental bacteria and for homology analysis.

Preliminary study on the role of novel LysR family gene kp05372 in Klebsiella pneumoniae of forest musk deer / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

LysR-type transcriptional regulators are involved in the regulation of numerous cellular metabolic processes in Klebsiella pneumoniae, leading to severe infection. Earlier, we found a novel LysR family gene, named kp05372, in a strain of K. pneumoniae (designated GPKP) isolated from forest musk deer. To study the function of this gene in relation to the biological characteristics of GPKP, we used the suicide plasmid and conjugative transfer methods to construct deletion mutant strain GPKP-Δkp05372; moreover, we also constructed the GPKP-Δkp05372+ complemented strain. The role of this gene was determined by comparing the following characteristics of three strains: growth curves, biofilm formation, drug resistance, stress resistance, median lethal dose (LD50), organ colonization ability, and the histopathology of GPKP. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test the expression level of seven genes upstream of kp05372. There was no significant difference in the growth rates when comparing the three bacterial strains, and no significant difference was recorded at different osmotic pressures, temperatures, salt contents, or hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The GPKP-Δkp05372 mutant formed a weak biofilm, and the other two strains formed medium biofilm. The drug resistance of the GPKP-Δkp05372 mutant toward cephalothin, cotrimoxazole, and polymyxin B was changed. The acid tolerance of the deletion strain was stronger than that of the other two strains. The LD50 values of the wild-type and complemented strains were 174-fold and 77-fold higher than that of the GPKP-Δkp05372 mutant, respectively. The colonization ability of the GPKP-Δkp05372 mutant in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine was the weakest. The three strains caused different histopathological changes in the liver and lungs. In the GPKP-Δkp05372 mutant, the relative expression levels of kp05374 and kp05379 were increased to 1.32-fold and 1.42-fold, respectively, while the level of kp05378 was decreased by 42%. Overall, the deletion of kp05372 gene leads to changes in the following: drug resistance and acid tolerance; decreases in virulence, biofilm formation, and colonization ability of GPKP; and regulation of the upstream region of adjacent genes.

Pathological classification and clinical symptoms of heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To explore the pathological type and clinical symptoms of heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus (HGM).Methods:From December 2018 to August 2019, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, the patients with HGM, reflux esophagitis (RE), Barrett esophagus (BE) and chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG), who underwent gastroscopy were selected. The pathological type of HGM including acid secretion, mucinous and mixed type. The differences in the symptoms among HGM, RE, BE, and CNAG, as well as the differences in the clinical symptoms of different pathological types of HGM were analyzed. Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results:There were 82, 104, 76, and 178 cases of HGM, RE, BE, and CNAG, respectively. The acid secretion, mucinous and mixed types of HGM were 22, 20 and 40 cases, respectively. The incidence rates of pharyngeal reflux symptoms foreign body sensation in the throat, swallowing discomfort, hoarseness, and cough of HGM patients were higher than those of RE patients (63.4%, 52/82 vs. 14.4%, 15/104; 58.5%, 48/82 vs. 14.4%, 15/104; 50.0%, 41/82 vs. 6.7%, 7/104; 43.9%, 36/82 vs. 12.5%, 13/104), while the incidence rates of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms acid reflux, heartburn and belching were lower than those of RE patients (34.1%, 28/82 vs. 61.5%, 64/104; 14.6%, 12/82 vs. 72.1%, 75/104; 34.1%, 28/82 vs. 67.3%, 70/104), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2= 47.80, 39.80, 44.80, 23.30, 13.80, 60.90 and 20.20, all P<0.01). The incidence rates of pharyngeal reflux symptoms foreign body sensation in the throat, swallowing discomfort, hoarseness, and cough of HGM patients were higher than those of BE patients (63.4%, 52/82 vs. 22.4%, 17/76; 58.5%, 48/82 vs. 19.7%, 15/76; 50.0%, 41/82 vs. 9.2%, 7/76; 43.9%, 36/82 vs. 6.6%, 5/76), and the incidence rates of reflux symptoms acid reflux, heartburn, belching, and post-sternal burning sensation were lower than those of BE patients (34.1%, 28/82 vs. 61.8%, 47/76; 14.6%, 12/82 vs. 55.3%, 42/76; 34.1%, 28/82 vs. 65.8%, 50/76; 20.7%, 17/82 vs. 42.1%, 32/76), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=27.00, 24.80, 31.00, 28.60, 12.10, 28.90, 15.80 and 8.40, all P<0.01). The incidence rates of pharyngeal reflux symptoms foreign body sensation in the throat, swallowing discomfort, hoarseness and cough, gastroesophageal reflux symptoms acid reflux, heartburn, belching and post-sternal burning, and non-reflux symptoms digestion, bloating and abdominal pain of HGM patients were higher than those of CNAG patients (63.4%, 52/82 vs. 5.1%, 9/178; 58.5%, 48/82 vs. 3.9%, 7/178; 50.0%, 41/82 vs. 3.9%, 7/178; 43.9%, 36/82 vs. 4.5%, 8/178; 34.1%, 28/82 vs. 12.4%, 22/178; 14.6%, 12/82 vs. 2.8%, 5/178; 34.1%, 28/82 vs. 3.9%, 7/178; 20.7%, 17/82 vs. 11.2%, 20/178; 30.5%, 25/82 vs. 15.2%, 27/178; 32.9%, 27/82 vs. 14.6%, 26/178; 15.9%, 13/82 vs. 9.6%, 17/178), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=106.50, 100.40, 79.10, 62.00, 17.20, 4.10, 74.00, 12.80, 8.20, 11.60 and 2.20, all P<0.01). The incidence rates of pharyngeal reflux symptoms foreign body sensation, swallowing discomfort, and hoarseness of patients with acid secretion type of HGM were higher than those of mucinous type (72.7%, 16/22 vs. 35.0%, 7/20; 72.7%, 16/22 vs. 15.0%, 3/20; 50.0%, 11/22 vs. 20.0%, 4/20), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.00, 14.10 and 4.10, all P<0.01). The incidence rates of pharyngeal reflux symptoms foreign body sensation in the throat, swallowing discomfort, hoarseness, and cough of mixed type were higher than those of mucinous type (72.5%, 29/40 vs. 35.0%, 7/20; 72.5%, 29/40 vs. 15.0%, 3/20; 65.0%, 26/40 vs. 20.0%, 4/20; 62.5%, 25/40 vs. 15.0%, 3/20), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=7.80, 17.70, 10.80 and 12.10, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The pathological classification of HGM patients with clinical symptoms of pharyngeal reflux may be acid secretion type or mixed type, which can be treated with acid suppression drugs or argon plasma coagulation under gastroendoscopy.

Analysis of hemagglutinin gene characteristics of influenza A H3N2 virus in Changzhou, 2017 -2018 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and variation of H3N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) gene in Changzhou from 2017 to 2018. Methods Throat swab specimens of the influenza-like cases were collected from Changzhou Influenza Monitoring Sentinel Hospital from April 2017 to March 2018. RNA was extracted from the specimens for influenza diagnosing and genotyping using real-time RT-PCR．H3N2 positive samples were isolated, and extracted RNA was used for amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of HA gene. Results From April 2017 to March 2018, 28 strains of influenza A (H3N2) virus were isolated. After gene sequencing, a phylogenetic tree was constructed. It was found that all of the strains belonged to Group3C.2a, which was similar to the vaccine strain A/Hong Kong/4801/2014. The HA amino acid sequence difference was analyzed and compared between the H3N2 influenza virus strains isolated in Changzhou and the vaccine strain A/Hong Kong/4801/2014. It was found that the epidemic strain isolated in Changzhou was in the HA epitope (A-E) region. Ten amino acid site mutations in the HA epitope (A-E) region and two amino acid site mutations in the stem region of HA antigen were found. Conclusion From April 2017 to March 2018, the influenza virus H3N2 prevalent in Changzhou was distributed on the same evolutionary branch with the vaccine strain A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (group 3C.2a), rendering the popular trend of one subgroup. However, some amino acid sites of the HA epitope had variations, suggesting that mutations may occur, which may affect the immune effect of the vaccine. Monitoring needs to be strengthened in the future work.

RON and MET Co-overexpression Are Significant Pathological Characteristics of Poor Survival and Therapeutic Targets of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly malignant and has poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. The lack of effective therapy has spurred our investigation of new targets for treating this malignant cancer. Here, we identified RON (macrophage-stimulating 1 receptor) and MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic targets for potential TNBC treatment. @*Materials and Methods@#We analyzed RON and MET expression in 187 primary TNBC clinical samples with immunohistochemistry. We validated the targeted therapeutic effects of RON and MET in TNBC using three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): BMS-777607, INCB28060, and tivantinib. The preclinical therapeutic efficacy of the TKIs was mainly estimated using a TNBC xenograft model. @*Results@#Patients with TNBC had widespread, abnormal expression of RON and MET. There was RON overexpression, MET overexpression, and RON and MET co-overexpression in 63 (33.7%), 63 (33.7%), and 43 cases (23.0%), respectively, which had poor prognosis and short survival. In vivo, the TKI targeting RON ant MET inhibited the activation of the downstream signaling molecules, inhibited TNBC cell migration and proliferation, and increased TNBC cell apoptosis; in the xenograft model, they significantly inhibited tumor growth and shrank tumor volumes. The TKI targeting RON and Met, such as BMS-777607 and tivantinib, yielded stronger anti-tumor effects than INCB28060. @*Conclusion@#RON and MET co-overexpression can be significant pathological characteristics in TNBC for poor prognosis. TKIs targeting RON and MET have stronger drug development potential for treating TNBC.

Comparison of the effect and safety of Er:YAG laser combined with fluoride and methylene blue-photodynamic therapy on caries prevention / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the anti-caries effect and safety of Er:YAG laser combined with fluoride and methylene blue-photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT).@*METHODS@#A total of 28 rat dental caries models were established and randomly divided into seven groups: photodynamic therapy (PDT) group, laser combined with fluoride group, laser group, sodium fluoride group, and 0.9% saline control group. Spectrophotometric optical density was used to reflect the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic (LF) instrument was utilized to detect the demineralization degree of dental caries. Histopathological sections were employed to observe the damage of dental pulp and buccal mucosa.@*RESULTS@#The optical density (OD) value of the PDT and combination groups was significantly lower than that of other treatment groups (P<0.05). An increase in LF value and demineralization occurred in varying degrees with different treatment methods. Histopathological observation showed that pulp and buccal mucosa injury was more obvious in the combination group of 70 mw·cm⁻² and Er:YAG laser group compared with other groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under the same parameters, the combined group and PDT have good germicidal efficacy, but PDT has fewer adverse reactions and less damage. It is an effective and safe method for caries prevention.

Different anthropometric indices and incident risk of hypertension in elderly population: a prospective cohort study / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between anthropometric indices and the incident risk of hypertension, compare novel anthropometric indices with traditional indices in hypertension prediction and establish hypertension prediction models among elderly Chinese.@*Methods@#A total of 27 009 retirees from the Dongfeng Motor Corporation were recruited at baseline in 2008 and the first follow-up was conducted in 2013. After the exclusion of participants less than 60 years old, participants with hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and those with missing data, a total of 6 784 elderly participants were enrolled in this study. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between traditional anthropometric indices, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), novel anthropometric indices, visceral adiposity index (VAI), body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and the incident risk of hypertension. Meanwhile, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to establish hypertension prediction models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to compare the prediction ability of different models.@*Results@#A total of 1 787 incident cases of hypertension were identified, with the incidence of hypertension about 27.59%. Significant positive associations were detected between BMI, WC, WHtR, VAI, BRI and the incident risk of hypertension after adjusting for potential confounders (all P values<0.05). In men, the OR (95%CI) (upper tertile vs lower tertile) was 1.45 (1.22-1.73) for VAI, and 1.86 (1.55-2.23) for BRI. In women, the OR (95% CI) (upper tertile vs lower tertile) was 1.55 (1.22-1.96) for VAI, and 1.60 (1.27-2.01) for BRI. For ABSI, no significant association was observed in either men (OR (95%CI): 1.07 (0.90-1.28)) or women (OR (95%CI): 1.03 (0.82-1.29), both P values >0.05). The basic hypertension prediction model included age, drinking (only in men), education status (only in men), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting blood glucose levels. Based on the basic prediction model, BMI (in men: AUC=0.697) and BRI (only in men: AUC=0.696) improved area under ROC curve (AUC) significantly (P<0.05). BMI was the strongest predictor in both men (AUC=0.697) and women (AUC=0.685) in the extended model.@*Conclusion@#Significant positive associations were detected between BMI, WC, WHtR, VAI, BRI and the incident risk of hypertension among elderly Chinese. BMI was the strongest predictor in hypertension prediction model compared with other anthropometric indices.