Association of intestinal microecology with the development and progression of autoimmune hepatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic liver inflammation， with a gradually increasing incidence rate， and its social and medical burdens cannot be neglected. Intestinal microecology is becoming a research hotspot in the field of autoimmune disease. In recent years， it has been believed that changes in intestinal microecology can cause changes in autoimmune state， microbial metabolites， and intestinal barrier， which is one of the driving factors for the onset of AIH. Early diagnosis and correct treatment can help to improve the prognosis of AIH patients. This article introduces the characteristics of gut microbiota in AIH patients， elaborates on the impact of intestinal microflora imbalance on the pathogenesis of AIH， and briefly describes related treatment regimens from the perspective of intestinal microecology， so as to comprehensively understand and explain the role of intestinal microecology in AIH and the impact of intestinal microecology balance on the pathogenesis， diagnosis， and treatment of AIH.

Association of interpregnancy interval and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in woman by different previous gestational ages / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#With an increasing proportion of multiparas, proper interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) are urgently needed. However, the association between IPIs and adverse perinatal outcomes has always been debated. This study aimed to explore the association between IPIs and adverse outcomes in different fertility policy periods and for different previous gestational ages.@*METHODS@#We used individual data from China's National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System between 2014 and 2019. Multivariable Poisson models with restricted cubic splines were used. Each adverse outcome was analyzed separately in the overall model and stratified models. The stratified models included different categories of fertility policy periods (2014-2015, 2016-2017, and 2018-2019) and infant gestational age in previous pregnancy (<28 weeks, 28-36 weeks, and ≥37 weeks).@*RESULTS@#There were 781,731 pregnancies enrolled in this study. A short IPI (≤6 months) was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (OR [95% CI]: 1.63 [1.55, 1.71] for vaginal delivery [VD] and 1.10 [1.03, 1.19] for cesarean section [CS]), low Apgar scores and small for gestational age (SGA), and a decreased risk of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, preeclampsia or eclampsia, and gestational hypertension. A long IPI (≥60 months) was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (OR [95% CI]: 1.18 [1.11, 1.26] for VD and 1.39 [1.32, 1.47] for CS), placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, preeclampsia or eclampsia, and gestational hypertension. Fertility policy changes had little effect on the association of IPIs and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The estimated risk of preterm birth, low Apgar scores, SGA, diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, and gestational hypertension was more profound among women with previous term births than among those with preterm births or pregnancy loss.@*CONCLUSION@#For pregnant women with shorter or longer IPIs, more targeted health care measures during pregnancy should be formulated according to infant gestational age in previous pregnancy.

Reconstruction and analysis of K-Clip surgery process based on finite element method / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To investigate the effects of different types of tricuspid regurgitation, implantation positions, and device models on the treatment outcomes of K-Clip for tricuspid regurgitation using numerical simulations. Methods     Three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart model was performed based on CT images. Two different regurgitation orifices were obtained by modifying the standard parameterized tricuspid valve leaflets and chordae tendineae. The effects of different K-Clip models at different implantation positions (posterior leaflet midpoint, anterior-posterior commissure, anterior leaflet midpoint, posterior septal commissure) were simulated using commercial explicit dynamics software Ls-Dyna. Conclusion     For the two types of regurgitation in this study, clipping at the posterior leaflet midpoint resulted in a better reduction of the regurgitation orifice (up to 75% reduction in area). Higher clamping forces were required for implantation at the anterior leaflet midpoint and posterior septal commissure, which was unfavorable for the smooth closure of the clipping components. There was no statistical difference in the treatment outcomes between the 18T and 16T K-Clip components, and the 16T component required less clamping force. Therefore, the use of the 16T K-Clip component is recommended.

Efficacy of reconstruction with half of peroneous longus tendon autograft for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon rupture combined with tendon defects / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To evaluate the outcomes of reconstruction with half of peroneous longus tendon autograft for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon rupture combined with tendon defects.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on the clinical data of 14 patients with chronic tendon rupture combined with defects admitted to Orthopedic Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from November 2017 to August 2020, including 11 males and 3 females, aged 26-62 years [(42.8±10.7)years]. All the patients underwent Achilles tendon reconstruction with half of peroneus longus tendon autograft. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were compared before surgery, at 12 months after surgery and at the last follow-up. At the last follow-up, MRI of the injured ankle was prescribed to evaluate tendon healing; Thomspon test was performed and the patients were asked to do single-leg heel raise; the patients were asked about their conditions in returning to daily life activities and sports. Postoperative complications were observed.Results:All the patients were followed up for 24-47 months [(35±9)months]. AOFAS score, ATRS and VAS at 12 months after surgery were (87.9±6.6)points, (80.9±2.4)points and (2.0±0.3)points respectively, superior to those before surgery [(52.7±16.9)points, (42.0±4.4)points and (4.1±0.4)points respectively] ( P<0.05). The afore-mentioned results at the last follow-up were (95.2±7.2)points, (85.9±2.5)points and (0.8±0.3)points respectively, superior to those at 12 months after surgery ( P<0.05). MRI images of the affected ankle joints showed satisfactory healing of the reconstructed Achilles tendon at the last follow-up. All the patients, being negative in Thompson test at the last follow-up, were able to complete the heel lift on the affected side. All the patients resumed activities of daily living at the last follow-up, among whom 5 resumed to moderate- to high-intensity sports activities, such as basketball sport, and moderate-to high-intensity physical training, 5 resumed light-intensity sports activities such as jogging and swimming, and the other 4 did not resume sports due to fear of re-injury or aging. One patient had delayed wound healing, which was considered gout-related. One patient complained about mild pain at the Achilles tendon in cold weather or after long walks. No re-rupture of the Achilles tendon occurred. No patient complained about discomfort at the graft harvest site, calcaneal valgus or restricted ankle plantar flexion. Conclusions:For patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture combined with tendon defects, reconstruction with half of peroneous longus tendon autograft facilitates postoperative spinal function recovery and pain alleviation, achieves satisfaction with the returning to daily activity and sports, and has few complications.

The application of percutaneous puncture renal fascia suspension in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

When partial nephrectomy is performed by posterior abdominal approach, the surgical field is poorly exposed, resulting in increased surgical difficulty and risk of injury.In this study, 28 patients with T 1a stage kidney tumors underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Intraoperatively, exposure of the surgical field was achieved using the percutaneous puncture of the renal fascia suspension technique. There were no dissatisfactory exposures due to peritoneal damage during the surgery, no additional tubes were inserted, and no conversions to open surgery were needed. The operation time was (76.5±20.3) minutes, blood loss was (92.1±18.7) ml, renal artery clamping time was (19.5±4.3) minutes. Postoperatively, there were no complications such as bleeding, infection, or hematuria.

Chemical constituents from the twigs of Aglaia perviridis and their biological activities / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the twigs of Aglaia perviridis Hiern and their total antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.METHODS The 95%ethanol extract from the twigs of A.perviridis were isolated and purified by silica gel,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were evaluated by T-AOC kit and MTT assay,respectively.RESULTS Twenty-one compounds were isolated and identified as 3-epicotillol(1),syringic acid(2),palmitic acid(3),di-N-pentyl phthalate(4),ethyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetate(5),7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin(6),1-octanol(7),p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(8),(+)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),(+)-episyring-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),methy-4-hydroxyphenylacetate(11),koaburaside(12),byzantionoside B(13),quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(14),(2R,3R)-(+)-glucodistylin(15),(2S,3S)-(-)-glucodistylin(16),(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17),(+)-isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranosidede(18),(-)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(19),phlorizin(20),β-sitosterol(21).The total antioxidant capacity of compounds2,9-10,14-20 was 10.300-38.367 U/(mmol·L-1).The neuroprotective effects of compounds 2,10 and 17 were concentration-dependent,and the optimal concentrations of compounds 9 and 15 were 50,100 μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 2,9-10,14-20 have strong total antioxidant activities.Compounds 2,9-10,15,17 have neuroprotective activities.

Application Effect of Erector Spinae Plane Block in General Anesthesia Hip Surgery in Elderly Patients / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of L4 transverse process erector spinae plane block(ESPB)before general anesthesia hip surgery in elderly patients on reducing perioperative pain and stress,thus reducing opioid consumption and improving postoperative recovery quality.Methods Sixty patients aged 65 years old and above who underwent unilateral hip surgery from January to December 2023 were randomly divided into two groups(n = 30)by using the random number table method.The ESPB group received ultrasound-guided ESPB at the L4 level with 0.3%ropivacaine(0.5 ml/kg)before induction of anesthesia,while the control group did not receive ESPB.Laryngeal mask anesthesia was administered in both groups.The induction and maintenance methods were consistent in both groups.The Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)was used to evaluate the degree of pain at 8 h and 24 h after surgery.The times of pressing analgesic pump within 24 h after surgery were recorded.The hemodynamic changes at each time point during the operation were observed.The time interval from the end of the operation to the complete recovery and to remove the laryngeal mask were recorded.Intraoperative and Postanesthesia Care Unit(PACU)opioid consumption were noted.The incidence of postoperative agitation,postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV),dizziness,and the recovery quality score were compared.Results The NRS scores of rest pain and motion pain at 8 h and 24 h after surgery were significantly lower in the ESPB group than those in the control group,and the times of pressing the analgesic pump within 24 h after surgery in the ESPB group was significantly less than that in the control group(P<0.05).The mean arterial pressure(MAP)of the ESPB group at 20 min after peeling was lower than that of the control group[(87.2±15.5)mm Hg vs.(96.7±16.9)mm Hg,P = 0.026].The sufentanil consumption,remifentanil consumption,and the number of cases using urapidil in the ESPB group were significantly lower than those in the control group[12.5(10.0,14.0)μg vs.12.5(12.5,17.5)μg,P =0.041;270(100,400)μg vs.600(448,800)μg,P<0.001;1 case vs.11 cases,P =0.001].The Steward score at30 min after entering PACU was significantly higher in the ESPB group than in the control group[6(5,6)points vs.5(4,5)points,P<0.001].There was no statistical significance in incidence of postoperative agitation,PONV,and dizziness between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Preoperative ESPB at the level of the L4 transverse process can reduce the pain score within 24 h after surgery,reduce the amount of opioid used during and after hip surgery,and improve the quality of postoperative recovery in the elderly.

Evidence-based evaluation of guidelines for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the guidelines for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) at home and abroad, and to provide a reference for the development of related guidelines in the future.Methods:Guidelines related to HDP published at home and abroad from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022 were retrieved from several databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, Yiigle, VIP Database, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science with the terms of "hypertension in pregnancy", "hypertensive disorders of pregnancy", "pre-eclampsia", "eclampsia", and "guidelines". The retrieved guidelines were evaluated with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) and Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings (STAR) tool. According to the manual of AGREE Ⅱ two researchers graded the retrieved guidelines from six domains: scope and purpose, participants, rigor, clarity, applicability, and independence. Mean standardized score of each domain and the overall score were obtained. STAR tool was used to grade the guidelines by two researchers and one methodologist from 11 domains: registration, protocol, funding, working groups, conflicts of interest, clinical issues, evidence, consensus methods, recommendations, accessibility, and others.Results:A total of 19 related guidelines were included, covering six countries on three continents. The mean standardized scores of the 19 guidelines in the six domains of scope and purpose, participants, rigor, clarity, applicability, and independence using the AGREE II instrument were 73.98%, 63.16%, 59.98%, 66.37%, 56.36%, and 71.93%, respectively. Scores in the 11 domains of registration, protocol, funding, working groups, conflicts of interest, clinical issues, evidence, consensus methods, recommendations, accessibility, and others using the STAR tool were 0.00%, 0.00%, 76.15%, 39.87%, 58.92%, 65.19%, 60.80%, 49.78%, 78.95%, 30.89%, and 42.11%, respectively. According to the overall evaluation results, 12 guidelines were recommended and seven needed further modifications. It was found that most guidelines were unanimous in their recommendations on the prevention of preeclampsia with aspirin, medications for patients with severe hypertension, and the timing of pregnancy termination in preeclampsia patients, with the consensus rates of 10/13, 9/13, and 9/13, respectively. Besides, these recommendations were supported by substantial evidence.Conclusions:The overall quality of guidelines related to HDP at home and abroad is high, but there is still room for improvement. When developing relevant guidelines in the future, statisticians and methodologists should be included in the working groups to improve the evidence-based quality, and much attention should be paid to the disclosure of conflicts of interest guidelines. Registration and protocol are needed before publishing a guideline. The development of multiple versions for different users will conduce to improving the management of HDP.

Effect of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase pathway in endoplasmic reticulum stress on hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen type I expression / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α （eIF2α） pathway in endoplasmic reticulum stress on the activation of hepatic stellate cells （HSC）. MethodsPathological sections of normal liver tissue after surgery were collected from 11 patients with hepatic fibrosis （S1-S4） and 9 patients with hepatic hemangioma and hepatic adenoma confirmed by liver biopsy， and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression levels of PERK， eIF2α， and C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP）. Human HSC-LX2 cells were treated with different concentrations of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer thapsigargin （0， 125， 250， 500， and 1 000 nmol/L）， and qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression level of PERK， while Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of PERK， inositol requiring protein 1 （IRE1）， activating transcription factor 6 （ATF6）， CHOP， and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）. The method of lentivirus transfection was used to construct a PERK stable overexpression LX-2 group and a control group； qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of PERK， eIF2α， and α-SMA， Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of PERK， phosphorylated eIF2α （p-eIF2α）， and α-SMA， and immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the expression of collagen type I alpha 1 （COL1A1）. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups； a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. ResultsCompared with normal liver tissue， the liver tissue of patients with hepatic fibrosis had significantly higher expression levels of PERK， eIF2α， and CHOP （Z=-3.56， t=-5.75， Z=-3.52， all P<0.001）. Compared with the solvent group， the groups treated with different concentrations of thapsigargin had significant increases in the expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated proteins PERK， CHOP， IRE1， ATF6， and α-SMA （all P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the PERK stable overexpression group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of PERK， eIF2α， and α-SMA and the protein expression levels of PERK， p-eIF2α， and α-SMA （all P<0.05）， and immunofluorescence assay showed a significant increase in the expression level of COL1A1 in the PERK stable overexpression group （P<0.05）. ConclusionPERK overexpression can induce the expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 in LX-2 cells， suggesting that the PERK signaling pathway might be one of the important mechanisms of HSC activation.

Anti-metastatic Pharmacology Based on Tumor Microenvironment Regulation： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of death for tumor patients and the key bottleneck of clinical treatment. In recent years， basic and clinical studies have recognized that tumor microenvironment （TME） is highly correlated with tumor metastasis， which provides hope for anti-metastatic drug development and clinical treatment. At present， the mainstream studies on TME represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs） mainly focus on the rectification of immune function of T cells and B cells. However， a large number of studies have shown that the significance of other members of TME for tumor metastasis cannot be ignored， which greatly reflects the progress of anti-metastatic research based on TME regulation. This review focused on tumor metastasis， summarized the mechanism of action of non-T and non-B immune cells ［tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） and tumor-associated neutrophils （TANs）］ and non-immune members ［vascular endothelial cells （ECs）， tumor-associated fibroblasts （CAFs）， and blood platelet］ in the process of tumor metastasis in TME based on the literature over the recent five years， and explored their key value in the treatment of metastasis. At the treatment level， this review focused on the perspective of the integration of frontier and traditional methods and took the functional homeostasis remodeling of TME as the entry point to summarize the activity and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） regulation of non-T and non-B immune cells and non-immune members and highlight its advantages and characteristics in clinical intervention of metastasis. This review helps to break through the limitations of over-reliance on T and B immune cells in anti-metastatic research， make the research rely on a wider range of cell groups， explore the potential value of TME in anti-metastatic drug intervention， and enrich the idea and strategy of understanding the anti-metastatic pharmacological activity. The review is also expected to provide a broader vision for the research and development of new anti-metastatic drugs.

Risk factors and construction of prediction model of perineural invasion of gallbladder carcinoma based on enhanced CT- image features / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To construct the prediction model of perineural invasion (PNI) in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) based on preoperative enhanced CT image features and evaluate its prediction efficiency. 【Methods】 The clinical, imaging and pathological data of 180 GBC patients undergoing radical operation were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into positive and negative groups according to the presence or absence of PNI. Preoperative enhanced CT imaging features (including presence of gallstones, imaging hepatic invasion, vascular invasion, T-stage, and hilar or retroperitoneal lymph node metastases) were evaluated by two radiologists. Independent sample t-test, Mann Whitney U test, and χ2 test were used to compare the correlation between CT signs and PNI. Logistics regression analysis was used to screen independent risk factors and establish the prediction model formula. ROC curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of the prediction model and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to verify the prediction model. 【Results】 Unifactorial analysis showed that CA199, CA125, imaging hepatic invasion, vascular invasion (hepatic artery or portal vein), T-stage, and hilar or retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were correlated with nerve invasion (P<0.05). Logistics multi-factor analysis results showed that CA199, imaging vascular invasion (hepatic artery or portal vein), and imaging T stage were independent risk factors for PNI. Based on the above independent risk factors, a prediction model formula was established and ROC curve was drawn, with an AUC of 0.807 (95% CI: 0.734~0.879), sensitivity of 0.792, specificity of 0.697, and the chi-square value of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test of 0.594 (P=0.997), indicating that the predicted value of the model was close to the actual value. 【Conclusion】 Combining CA199, imaging vascular invasion, T-stage, and other preoperative clinically-enhanced CT features to establish a prediction model can effectively predict postoperative PNI of GBC.

Mutation characteristics of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: an analysis of 75 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of gene mutations in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Methods: Seventy-five AITL cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China from June 2021 to June 2023 were included. Their formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded or fresh tissues were subject to targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The sequencing data was collected, and the distribution and type of gene mutations were analyzed. Results: 492 potential driver mutations were identified in 74 out of the 84 genes. Targeted sequencing data for the 75 AITL patients showed that the genes with mutation frequencies of ≥10% were TET2 (89.3%), RHOA (57.3%), IDH2 (37.3%), DNMT3A (36.0%), KMT2C (21.3%), PLCG1 (12.0%), and KDM6B (10.7%). There were significant co-occurrence relationships between TET2 and RHOA, TET2 and IDH2, and RHOA and IDH2 gene mutations (P<0.05), respectively, while TET2 and KDM6B gene mutations were mutually exclusive (P<0.05). Conclusions: The study reveals the mutational characteristics of AITL patients using NGS technology, which would provide insights for molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy of AITL.

A Sensor for Detection of Breast Tumor with Three-dimensional Electrical Impedance Tomography / 分析化学

An intensive breast array sensor was designed based on three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography in this work.Firstly,an electrical impedance sensor for detection of breast cancer was developed.The sensor adopted the integrated design of excitation electrode array and ground electrode to achieve structural simplification.It realized electric field densification through conical matrix and double-layer circumferentially arranged electrode array and improved the detection accuracy of target object through taper optimization.Secondly,the imaging system was designed,and the sensor was optimized by numerical simulation.The simulation results showed that halving the number of electrodes did not affect imaging accuracy of the sensor,but could improve the imaging speed.Finally,the performance of the sensor was verified by experiment.The signal-to-noise ratio and channel consistency of the system were at a good level.The sensor was used to reconstruct three-dimensional image of the experimental model with relative volume of the detection field of 0.4%.The image correlation coefficient of the single target imaging was above 0.6 and the position of the double target object could be clearly identified,and thus the visual detection of breast cancer was realized.

Analysis of current status and influencing factors of barriers to phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the current status of barriers to participation in phaseⅡcoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients and the factors influencing them, and to provide new ideas for reducing barriers to participation in rehabilitation and improving the participation rate in cardiac rehabilitation.Methods:For this study, a cross-sectional survey research method was utilized. The study included 334 patients who underwent CABG and were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between June 2022 and May 2023. These patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. A General Information Questionnaire, the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-C/M), and a Questionnaire on the Knowledge of Information Related to Cardiac Rehabilitation were used to conduct the survey. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors on barriers to participation in phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in post-CABG patients.Results:Out of 334 patients, 248 were males and 86 were females with age (54.74 ± 7.61) years old. The total average score of CRBS-C/M in patients after CABG surgery was 3.20 ± 0.43, with the highest external logistic factors score of 3.42 ± 0.58. The knowledge status score of information related to cardiac rehabilitation was 42.11 ± 7.94. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the following factors independently influenced post-CABG patients′ barriers to participating in phaseⅡcardiac rehabilitation: marital status, whether or not they had completed phase I cardiac rehabilitation,number of other comorbidities, knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation information. All of these differences were statistically significant ( t values were -4.87-3.35, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The barriers to participation in phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in post-CABG patients are at an intermediate to high level, and healthcare professionals should emphasize the assessment of barrier factors in these patients, and target the development and implementation of phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in terms of the influencing factors.

Remyelination Regulated by microRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Demyelination of the central nervous system often occurs in neurodegenerative diseases， such as multiple sclerosis （MS）. The myelin sheath， a layer of myelin membrane wrapping the axon， plays a role in the rapid conduction and metabolic coupling of impulses for neurons. The exposure of the axon will lead to axonal degeneratio， and further neuronal degeneration， which is the main cause of dysfunction and even disability in patients with demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to the demyelination of mature myelin sheath， remyelination disorder is also one of the major reasons leading to the development of the diseases. The myelin sheath is composed of oligodendrocytes （OLs） derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells （OPCs） which are differentiated from neural stem cells （NSCs）. The process of myelin regeneration， i.e.， remyelination， is the differentiation of NSCs into OLs. Recent studies have shown that this process is regulated by a variety of genes. MicroRNAs， as important regulators of neurodegenerative diseases， form a complex regulatory network in the process of myelin regeneration. This review summarizes the main molecular pathways of myelin regeneration and microRNAs involved in this process and classifies the mechanisms and targets. This review is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the future research on the treatment of demyelinating diseases by targeting the regulation of microRNAs.

Effects of Jiaohong Pills and Its Prescription on Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's Disease Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiaohong pills （JHP） and its prescription， Pericarpium Zanthoxyli （PZ） and Rehmanniae Radix （RR） cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice and its mechanism through pharmacodynamic and metabolomics study. MethodThe animal model of AD induced by scopolamine was established and treated with PZ， RG and JHP， respectively. The effects of JHP and its formulations were investigated by open field test， water maze test， object recognition test， avoidance test， cholinergic system and oxidative stress related biochemical test. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebral cortex was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. ResultThe behavioral data showed that， compared with the model group， the discrimination indexes of the high dose of JHP， PZ and RR groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The staging rate of Morris water maze test in the PZ， RR， high and low dose groups of JHP was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the crossing numbers in the PZ， JHP high and low dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the number of errors in the avoidance test were significantly reduced in the PZ and high-dose JHP groups （P<0.01）， and the error latencies were significantly increased in the JHP and its prescription drug groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex of the two doses of JHP group and the PZ group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the high-dose JHP group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased （P<0.01）. At the same time， the contents of malondialdehyde in the serum of the two dose groups of JHP decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of metabolomics study of cerebral cortex showed that 149 differential metabolites were identified between the JHP group and the model group， which were involved in neurotransmitter metabolism， energy metabolism， oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. ConclusionJHP and its prescription can antagonize scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction， regulate cholinergic system， and reduce oxidative stress damage. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect on AD is related to the regulation of neurotransmitter， energy， amino acid metabolism， and improvement of oxidative stress.

Virological features of chronic hepatitis B patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease： A stratified analysis / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the virological features of patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） and metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） through a stratified analysis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 131 patients with CHB and MAFLD and 168 patients with CHB alone who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy and did not receive antiviral therapy or withdrew from drugs for more than 6 months in Beijing YouAn Hospital， Capital Medical University， from January 1， 2013 to December 31， 2019. The two groups were compared in terms of general data， biochemical parameters， and virological parameters. The patients in the two groups were stratified according to liver inflammation grade （G） and liver fibrosis stage （S）， and the patients with CHB and MAFLD were further analyzed based on the degree of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD activity score （NAS）. Virological features （the serum levels of HBV DNA and HBV HBsAg） were compared between groups. The Wilcoxon test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups and further comparison between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsCompared with the CHB group， the CHB+MAFLD group had a significantly higher proportion of male patients， a significantly higher proportion of patients with hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus， and significantly higher levels of the blood biochemical parameters of triglyceride， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol， apolipoprotein B， alanine aminotransferase， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase， uric acid， and fasting blood glucose （all P<0.05）， as well as significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol， apolipoprotein A1， and HBV DNA （all P<0.05）. The stratified analysis based on liver fibrosis stage showed that for both the patients with CHB alone and those with CHB and MAFLD， the significant fibrosis （S2‍ ‍—‍ ‍4） group had a significantly lower level of HBV DNA than the non-significant fibrosis （S0‍ ‍—‍ ‍1） group （P<0.05）， and for the patients with CHB alone， the significant fibrosis （S2‍ ‍—‍ ‍4） group had a significantly lower level of HBsAg than the non-significant fibrosis （S0‍ ‍—‍ ‍1） group （P<0.05）. The stratified analysis based on inflammation grade showed that for the patients with CHB and MAFLD， the high inflammation grade （G3） group had a significantly higher level of HBV DNA than the low inflammation grade （G1‍ ‍—‍ ‍2） group （P<0.05）， and in the low inflammation grade （G1‍ ‍—‍ ‍2） group， the patients with CHB and MAFLD had a significantly lower level of HBsAg than the patients with CHB alone （P<0.05）. The stratified analysis based on the degree of hepatic steatosis showed that the level of HBV DNA gradually decreased with the increase in the degree of steatosis， and the severe steatosis group had a significantly lower level of HBV DNA than the mild group （P<0.05）， while there was no significant difference in HBsAg level between the groups with different degrees of hepatic steatosis （P>0.05）. The stratified analysis based on NAS score showed that the NAS≥4 group had significantly higher levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg than the NAS<4 group （both P<0.05）. ConclusionPatients with CHB and MAFLD have significant abnormalities in metabolic markers and aminotransferases， while virological indicators show different features in stratified analyses based on various indicators.

Barriers and Facilitators to Medical Help-seeking in Rural Patients with Mental Illness: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis

Purpose@#Numerous barriers hinder individuals with mental illness from seeking medical assistance in rural regions, yet a comprehensive understanding of these challenges remains elusive. This metasynthesis aims to understand the barriers and facilitators in medical help-seeking among rural individuals with mental illness. @*Methods@#We systematically searched seven databases [PubMed, CINAHL, Medline (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), Cochrane, Embase, and ProQuest] in May 2023 and included the studies if they reported the barriers or/and facilitators to seek healthcare in rural patients with mental illness. We conducted hand search and citation search on Google Scholar for literature supplements. Thematic analysis was employed. @*Results@#The study included 27 articles reporting on the barriers and facilitators to seeking medical help in this population from 2007 to 2023. We ultimately identified themes at three levels: navigating the terrain of vulnerability and empowerment (the individual with mental illness), navigating the terrain of external environment (the external environment) and connectivity within the healthcare ecosystem for mental health (the health service system). @*Conclusions@#We must design more effective strategies to improve mental healthcare access for rural patients, considering cultural nuances and health service utilization patterns. This requires a multi-level approach, tailored to the unique needs of diverse populations.

Effect of Ultrasound-guided Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block on The Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Sternotomy Cardiac Surgery / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effect of ultrasound-guided superficial parasternal intercostal plane block on the quality of recovery and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing sternotomy cardiac surgery. MethodsA total of 64 patients undergoing sternotomy cardiac surgery were selected for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups： one group received a superficial parasternal intercostal plane block with ropivacaine （the ropivacaine group）， while the other was given normal saline （the normal saline group）. The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery-15 （QoR-15） score on postoperative day 1 in both groups， accompanied by a comparative analysis of the pain score and opioid usage. ResultsCompared with the normal saline group， the ropivacaine group exhibited a significantly higher QoR-15 score on postoperative day 1［（89.60±13.24） vs （81.18±12.78）， P=0.012］. The numerical rating scale at rest was significantly lower［（3.03±0.72） vs （4.26±0.93）， P<0.001］， and the numerical rating scale during coughing was also significantly reduced ［（4.40±0.89） vs （5.44±1.05）， P<0.001］. Concurrently， the cumulative morphine equivalent consumption during the initial 24 h postoperatively was significantly lower in patients who were administered the ropivacaine ［14.15 （4.95～30.00） mg vs 40.50 （19.25～68.18） mg， P=0.002］， and there was also a notable decrease in the rescue analgesia ［0.00 （0.00～0.00） mg vs 0.00 （0.00～100.00） mg， P=0.007］. ConclusionUltrasound-guided superficial parasternal intercostal plane block can significantly enhance the overall quality of recovery in patients undergoing sternotomy cardiac surgery on postoperative day 1. The technique contributes to improved postoperative analgesic effects and a reduction in opioid usage， thereby facilitating early postoperative recovery.

Rate of force development and its relationship with functional performance in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The maximum muscle strength is typically used for evaluating the recovery of muscle function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Recent studies have suggested that neuromuscular function should also be considered,such as rate of force development,which measures the slope of the force time curve at different time intervals under conditions of isometric muscle contraction. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate on the current research status and shortcomings of muscle isometric rate of force development in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery,and analyze the degree of defects in quadriceps femoris and hamstring isometric rate of force development at different times after surgery;to analyze the effect of isometric rate of force development on postoperative functional performance,thereby providing important information for optimizing postoperative rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,reducing secondary injury to patients,and reducing the incidence of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Literature retrieval of CNKI,VIP,WanFang and PubMed was performed using"anterior cruciate ligament,rate of force development"as Chinese search terms and"anterior cruciate ligament,rate of force development,rate of torque development"as English search terms.Finally,69 articles were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Most studies have found defects in bilateral muscle isometric rate of force development in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction within 6 months.Early isometric rate of force development of the bilateral hamstring muscles(i.e.the slope of the force time curve at any time interval during muscle contraction of 100 ms)showed significant improvement after 6 months.However,long-term defects in early isometric rate of force development of the bilateral quadriceps indicate long-term damage to the neuromuscular function of the quadriceps after surgery.There is limited research on late isometric rate of force development(the slope of the force time curve at any time interval after 100 ms of muscle contraction),and conclusions cannot be drawn.Regarding landing exercises(jumping to the ground,lateral cutting,etc.)and daily activities(walking,running),early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps is more correlated with isometric peak torque.Abnormal biomechanical changes during exercise are considered an important risk factor for secondary injury and traumatic knee osteoarthritis in patients.Actively improving early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps may reduce the incidence of secondary injury and traumatic knee osteoarthritis.Currently,there is limited evidence to suggest that whole-body vibration training can improve early isometric rate of force development of the quadriceps femoris in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.It is recommended to use neuromuscular electrical stimulation to intervene in the quadriceps and hamstring in the early postoperative stage and implement explosive force and high resistance training in the late postoperative stage,which may improve the isometric rate of force development in patients.Generating sufficient muscle strength in a short period of time is necessary to effectively protect the anterior cruciate ligament,while the relationship between isometric rate of force development in the hamstring muscle and functional performance is still unclear,which may provide information on preventing secondary injury in patients.It is recommended to use the isometric rate of force development as one of the evaluation indicators for guiding rehabilitation and restoring movement.In addition to focusing on improving symmetry and differences from normal individuals,the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio should also be considered.An appropriate range of ratios can ensure the balance of muscles during rapid muscle exertion,which may reduce the occurrence of secondary injuries.However,the normal range of ratios is not yet clear.Future research should consider the effects of graft type and knee flexion angle on isometric rate of force development,in order to identify neuromuscular dysfunction in patients as much as possible and help them recover better.