The Path Analysis of Integrating Sun Simiao’s Medical Ethics Thought into the Humanistic Spirit of Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

Medicine is the subject of studying human and its inherent humanistic attribute endows medicine with the temperature it deserves. However, with the continuous improvement of medical testing technology and treatment technology, medical workers pay more attention to diseases and ignore humanistic care, which has become an important factor in the aggravation of patients’ burden and the tension relationship between doctors and patients. There are many virtues in Chinese traditional culture. Sun Simiao’s medical ethics thought of "great doctor with professionalism and sincerity" embodies the core value of the humanistic spirit of Chinese traditional medicine. In his medical ethics thought, the moral and ethics of "great doctor with professionalism and sincerity", the medical practice attitude of "being cautious and diligent", the values of "benevolence for the world" and the professional conduct of "honesty and truth" still have strong practical significance at present. It is the good material to cultivate the humanistic spirit of medical students. This is of great value to integrate Sun Simiao’s medical ethics thought into cultivate medical students with both "professionalism" and "sincerity", practice the original intention of medical and health undertakings, and carry forward cultural self-confidence.

GRK2 inhibits Flt-1+ macrophage infiltration and its proangiogenic properties in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a complex etiology. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infiltration are associated with RA severity. We have reported the deletion of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) reprograms macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype by recovering G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. However, as more GRK2-interacting proteins were discovered, the GRK2 interactome mechanisms in RA have been understudied. Thus, in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model, we performed genetic GRK2 deletion using GRK2f/fLyz2-Cre+/- mice. Synovial inflammation and M1 polarization were improved in GRK2f/fLyz2-Cre+/- mice. Supporting experiments with RNA-seq and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a new GRK2-interacting protein. We further confirmed that fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), which promoted macrophage migration to induce angiogenesis, was inhibited by GRK2-PPARγ signaling. Mechanistically, excess GRK2 membrane recruitment in CIA MDMs reduced the activation of PPARγ ligand-binding domain and enhanced Flt-1 transcription. Furthermore, the treatment of mice with GRK2 activity inhibitor resulted in significantly diminished CIA pathology, Flt-1+ macrophages induced-synovial inflammation, and angiogenesis. Altogether, we anticipate to facilitate the elucidation of previously unappreciated details of GRK2-specific intracellular signaling. Targeting GRK2 activity is a viable strategy to inhibit MDMs infiltration, affording a distinct way to control joint inflammation and angiogenesis of RA.

A clinical application study of digital manufacturing simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device in determining the centric relation of complete dentures / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To verify the consistency between the digital manufacturing simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device and the traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device in determining the centric relation of complete dentures restoration.@*METHODS@#Ten outpatients with edentulous jaws were selec-ted, and the centric relation of the patients was determined by digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T1) and traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T2); the difference of clinical operation time between the two methods was recorded; the upper and lower edentulous jaw plaster models were scanned with two kinds of centric relation, the Standard Triangle Language (STL) files imported into Geomagic studio software to apply the best fitting of multiple points of the both upper jaw models, the fitted STL files imported into the 3 shape viewer software, and the maximum position deviations of the vertical, labial (buccal) and lingual directions of the mandibular midline area and molar areas in T1 and T2 groups measured. During the clinical complete dentures try-in, we observed whether there was midline deviation in the mouth of T1 group and T2 group, and whether the occlusion of posterior teeth was stable or not.@*RESULTS@#The mean time spent on determining the centric relation of T1 and T2 groups was (41.90±2.64) min, (57.50±2.37) min respectively. Paired t test was conducted in the two groups, P < 0.01 with significant statistical difference; The mean maximum position deviation between T1 group and T2 group of the midline mandibular region in labial lingual direction was (0.32±0.14) mm, that was (0.40±0.23) mm in vertical direction; the mean maximum position deviation of molar area in buccal lingual direction was (0.35±0.23) mm and that was (0.33±0.20) mm in vertical direction. In the vertical and horizontal directions, the maximum position deviation of mandibles between group T1 and group T2 was controlled within 0.5 mm. In the process of clinical complete dentures try-in, there was no deviation from the center line of dentures. There was not warping, swinging and other poor stability phenomena in T1 and T2 groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device can be used to determine the centric relation of complete dentures, which can not only save time of clinical operation, but also ensure the accuracy of the centric relation.

Application and mechanism of nanomedicine and nanomaterials in antibacterial infection therapy / 药学学报

Antibacterial therapy is a global health issue. The antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasingly serious threat, which caused by misuse and overuse of antibacterial agents combined with the emergence of new resistance mechanism. The resulting infection treatment risk and incidence of the spread of disease, severe cases and deaths are increased in different degrees. With the extensive application of biomaterials and nanotechnology to biomedicine, extensive research has been conducted on antibacterial infection. With the specific physicochemical properties like optical, electric and magnetic and high penetration, inorganic nanomaterials can produce natural antibacterial effect. Nanomedicine can be designed to allow controlled drug release and targeting effect, thus demonstrated better antibacterial efficiency. In this review, the mechanism of antibacterial resistance is described, and the antibacterial infection research on inorganic nanomaterials, as well as nano-drug delivery system including liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers and biomimetic nanocarriers are summarized. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offer promising strategies for the development of new agents that can improve efficacy on antibacterial infections and overcome antibiotic resistance potentially.

Associations of TNF-RII rs1061622 With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Their Interplays on Serum Lipids Levels in Adolescents

Objective@#To verify effects of rs1061622 at tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (TNF-RII) gene (TNF-RII) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its interactive effects with PTSD on serum lipids levels in adolescents. @*Methods@#PTSD was measured by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) in 699 adolescent survivors at 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in China. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were utilized for TNF-RII rs1061622 genotyping followed by verification using DNA sequencing. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were tested using routine methods. @*Results@#G (deoxyguanine) allele carriers had higher PCL-C scores than TT (deoxythymidine) homozygotes in female subjects. Female adolescents had higher PCL-C scores than male subjects in TT homozygotes. Predictors of PTSD prevalence and severity were different between G allele carriers and TT homozygotes. Subjects with PTSD had lower TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and higher HDL-C than adolescents without PTSD in male G allele carriers. G allele carriers had higher TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C than TT homozygotes in male adolescents without PTSD, and lower TG and TG/HDL-C in male PTSD patients. G allele carriers had higher TG than TT homozygotes only in female adolescents without PTSD. @*Conclusion@#These results suggest reciprocal actions of TNF-RII rs1061622 with other factors on PTSD severity, interplays of TNF-RII rs1061622 with PTSD on serum lipid levels, and novel treatment strategies for PTSD and comorbidities of PTSD with hyperlipidemia among adolescents with different genetic backgrounds of TNF-RII rs1061622 after experiencing traumatic events.

Machine learning in medicine: what clinicians should know

With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), machines are increasingly being used to complete complicated tasks, yielding remarkable results. Machine learning (ML) is the most relevant subset of AI in medicine, which will soon become an integral part of our everyday practice. Therefore, physicians should acquaint themselves with ML and AI, and their role as an enabler rather than a competitor. Herein, we introduce basic concepts and terms used in AI and ML, and aim to demystify commonly used AI/ML algorithms such as learning methods including neural networks/deep learning, decision tree and application domain in computer vision and natural language processing through specific examples. We discuss how machines are already being used to augment the physician's decision-making process, and postulate the potential impact of ML on medical practice and medical research based on its current capabilities and known limitations. Moreover, we discuss the feasibility of full machine autonomy in medicine.

TRIM25 inhibits HBV replication by promoting HBx degradation and the RIG-I-mediated pgRNA recognition / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been efficiently used for decades. However, hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HBV is still prevalent globally. We previously reported that interferon (IFN)-induced tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25) inhibited HBV replication by increasing the IFN expression, and this study aimed to further clarify the anti-HBV mechanism of TRIM25.@*METHODS@#The TRIM25-mediated degradation of hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein was determined by detecting the expression of HBx in TRIM25-overexpressed or knocked-out HepG2 or HepG2-NTCP cells via Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to confirm the interaction between TRIM25 and HBx, and colocalization of TRIM25 and HBx was identified via immunofluorescence; HBV e-antigen and HBV surface antigen were qualified by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from Kehua Biotech. TRIM25 mRNA, pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), and HBV DNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and pgRNA interaction was verified by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay.@*RESULTS@#We found that TRIM25 promoted HBx degradation, and confirmed that TRIM25 could enhance the K90-site ubiquitination of HBx as well as promote HBx degradation by the proteasome pathway. Interestingly, apart from the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, the SPRY domain of TRIM25 was also indispensable for HBx degradation. In addition, we found that the expression of TRIM25 increased the recognition of HBV pgRNA by interacting with RIG-I, which further increased the IFN production, and SPRY, but not the RING domain is critical in this process.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The study found that TRIM25 interacted with HBx and promoted HBx-K90-site ubiquitination, which led to HBx degradation. On the other hand, TRIM25 may function as an adaptor, which enhanced the recognition of pgRNA by RIG-I, thereby further promoting IFN production. Our study can contribute to a better understanding of host-virus interaction.

Role of macrophages in heart failure and traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

As the disease with high morbidity and mortality in the world, heart failure affects the development of human society. Due to its complicated pathology and limited treatment options, it is urgent to discover new disease targets and develop new treatment strategies. As innate immune cells accompanied by the evolution of heart failure, macrophages play an important role in cardiac homeostasis and stress. In recent years, the role of macrophages in the heart has attracted more and more attention as a potential target for heart failure intervention, and the research on cardiac macrophages has made important progress. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has significant effects on regulating inflammatory response, treating heart failure, and maintaining homeostasis. In this article, researches on the functions of cardiac macrophages and application of TCM were reviewed from the source and classification of cardiac macrophages and the relationship of macrophages and cardiac inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac angiogenesis, and cardiac electrical conduction, which provided a basis for further basic research and clinical applications.

Co-load of silybin and doxorubicin by MoS2 nanosheets for synergetic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy of lung cancer / 药学学报

The active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, silybin (SBN), can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and enhance the anticancer effect of doxorubicin (DOX). However, due to non-targeting and short half-life of SBN and DOX, as well as different administration routes and pharmacokinetic processes, this combination drug cannot act on the tumor in the set order, seriously eliminating the synergistic effect between them and limiting the effect in vivo. Therefore, we intended to construct a nano-delivery system based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sialic acid (SA), and co-loaded with SBN and DOX. The system induced the release of combined drugs under the dual-stimulation of pH and near infra-red (NIR), increased the free concentration of intracellular drugs, so as to achieve the synergistic effect between them. The animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX circulated in vivo, and effectively accumulated at tumor sites through enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and SA-mediated active targeting. Under near infrared light irradiation, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX realized the combination of synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for tumor, thus achieving excellent anti-tumor effect in vivo. This study can provide a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer. Taken together, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX can offer a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.

Construction of a clinical prediction model for the impact of acupuncture on pregnancy outcomes in poor ovarian response (POR) patients based on a patient registry research platform / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To construct a clinical prediction model for the impact of acupuncture on pregnancy outcomes in poor ovarian response (POR) patients, providing insights and methods for predicting pregnancy outcomes in POR patients undergoing acupuncture treatment.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 268 POR patients (2 cases were eliminated) primarily treated with "thirteen needle acupuncture for Tiaojing Cuyun (regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy)" was collected from the international patient registry platform of acupuncture moxibustion (IPRPAM) from September 19, 2017 to April 30, 2023, involving 24 clinical centers including Acupuncture-Moxibustion Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. LASSO and univariate Cox regression were used to screen factors influencing pregnancy outcomes, and a multivariate Cox regression model was established based on the screening results. The best model was selected using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), and a nomogram for clinical pregnancy prediction was constructed. The prediction model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves, and internal validation was performed using the Bootstrap method.@*RESULTS@#(1) Age, level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and total treatment numbers of acupuncture were independent predictors of pregnancy outcomes in POR patients receiving acupuncture (P<0.05). (2) The AIC value of the best subset-Cox multivariate model (560.6) was the smallest, indicating it as the optimal model. (3) The areas under curve (AUCs) of the clinical prediction model after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months treatment were 0.627, 0.719, 0.770, and 0.766, respectively, and in the validation group, they were 0.620, 0.704, 0.759, and 0.765, indicating good discrimination and repeatability of the prediction model. (4) The calibration curve showed that the prediction curve of the clinical prediction model was close to the ideal model's prediction curve, indicating good calibration of the prediction model.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical prediction model for the impact of acupuncture on pregnancy outcomes in POR patients based on the IPRPAM platform has good clinical application value and provides insights into predicting pregnancy outcomes in POR patients undergoing acupuncture treatment.

A quantitative study of airway ultrasound in predicting difficult laryngoscopy: A prospective study / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#As common clinical screening tests cannot effectively predict a difficult airway, and unanticipated difficult laryngoscopy remains a challenge for physicians. We herein used ultrasound to develop some point-of-care predictors for difficult laryngoscopy.@*METHODS@#This prospective observational study included 502 patients who underwent laryngoscopy and a detailed sonographic assessment. Patients under 18 years old, or with maxillofacial deformities or fractures, limited mouth opening, limited neck movement or history of neck surgery were excluded from the study. Laryngoscopic views of all patients were scored and grouping using the modified Cormack-Lehane (CL) scoring system. The measurements acquired comprised tongue width, the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the tongue, tongue volume, the mandible-hyoid bone distance, the hyoid bone-glottis distance, the mandible-hyoid bone-glottis angle, the skin-thyrohyoid membrane distance, the glottis-superior edge of the thyroid cartilage distance (DGTC), the skin-hyoid bone distance, and the epiglottis midway-skin distance. ANOVA and Chi-square were used to compare differences between groups. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for difficult laryngoscopy and it was visualized by receiver operating characteristic curves and nomogram. R version 3.6.3 and SPSS version 26.0 were used for statistical analyses.@*RESULTS@#Difficult laryngoscopy was indicated in 49 patients (CL grade Ⅲ - Ⅳ) and easy laryngoscopy in 453 patients (CL grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ). The ultrasound-measured mandible-hyoid bone-glottis angle and DGTC significantly differed between the 2 groups (p < 0.001). Difficult laryngoscopy was predicted by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.930 with a threshold mandible-hyoid bone-glottis angle of 125.5° and by an AUC of 0.722 with a threshold DGTC of 1.22 cm. The longitudinal cross-sectional area of the tongue, tongue width, tongue volume, the mandible-hyoid distance, and the hyoid-glottis distance did not significantly differ between the groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Difficult laryngoscopy may be anticipated in patients in whom the mandible-hyoid bone-glottis angle is smaller than 125.5° or DGTC is larger than 1.22 cm.

Application of managing cancer and living meaningfully therapy in cancer patients: a socping review / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To review the scope of research on the application of managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM) in cancer patient populations, and provide reference for follow-up research and clinical promotion and application.Methods:Using the research method of scope review, two evidence-based trained researchers independently conducted a blind literature search. A total of 12 databases were searched, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CTNAHL, Embase, Scopus, Medline and EBSCO. The search time limit was from database establishment to September 26, 2022. Collected relevant literature on the application of CALM therapy to cancer patients, extracted data included in the literature, summarize and report research results.Results:A total of 2 089 articles were retrieved, and 13 were eventually included through the inclusion criteria, including 8 randomized controlled studies, 2 quasi experimental studies and 3 qualitative studies. The results showed that CALM therapy included 4 themes, 3 to 8 separate psychotherapy sessions, each lasting for 3 to 6 months for 30 to 60 minutes. It was a short and flexible evidence-based personalized psychotherapy method that was easily accepted by patients, could alleviate the negative emotions of patients with advanced cancer, and promote their mental health. There was no literature reports on the occurrence of adverse events related to CALM therapy.Conclusions:CALM therapy has a positive impact on cancer patients, with safety and feasibility. In the future, it is necessary to construct a specific, standard, and localized CALM therapy program, conduct large sample, high-quality research to verify the application effect of CALM therapy in cancer patients, and provide evidence-based basis for formulating the best CALM therapy program for cancer patients.

Problems and countermeasures of oxygen supply in hospitals in public health emergencies / 中国医学装备

Oxygen is an important guarantee for the treatment of critically ill patients in public health emergencies,and its normal guarantee and supply have become the primary issue that every hospital needs to face and solve.The fundamental reasons for the shortage of oxygen supply in hospitals during the period of public health emergencies were explored by understanding the admission of critically ill patients and the supply of oxygen.Based on the actual needs of clinical medical treatment,it was found that the main reasons for insufficient oxygen supply were limited liquid oxygen storage capacity,reduced vaporization efficiency,small diameter of delivery pipe,throttling of secondary pressure reducing boxes,etc.It was recommended the limit requirement for the volume of medical liquid oxygen storage tanks be revised to 5m3.Hospitals can adjust and allocate according to actual medical needs,optimize the design and selection of vaporizers and pipeline systems,normalize and standardize the quality control and testing of medical gas systems,and when allowed by regulations and approved by clinical physicians,use oxygen-enriched air(93%oxygen)to supply oxygen to general wards,and provide more medical oxygen(≥99.5%)to critically ill patients who require life support.

Epidemic characteristics and treatment outcomes of etiologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2022 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemic characteristics of etiologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis, and the outcome of treatment in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2022, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in Liaoning Province. Methods　The medical records information of registered pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2022 was collected from the "Tuberculosis Information Management System", a subsystem of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". A descriptive analysis was performed on the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of cases of pathogen-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Results　From 2016 to 2022, a total of 152 778 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were registered in Liaoning Province. Registration rates decreased from 54.48/100 000 in 2016 to 39.12/100 000 in 2022, displaying a downward trend (χ2trend=1 921.17, P<0.001). The etiological positive rate increased from 26.70% in 2016 to 51.21% in 2022, indicating an upward trend (χ2trend=5 203.00, P<0.001). The etiological positive registration rate increased from 14.54/100 000 in 2016 to 20.03/100 000 in 2022, showing an upward trend (χ2trend=647.97, P<0.001). The male-female ratio of etiological positive was 3.35∶1. The age group of 55-<65 had the highest incidence rate at 25.45% (16 127/63 376) among pathogen-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Patients over 45 years of age accounted for 71.27% (41 570/63 376) of total cases, pointing towards an aging trend. The main occupations of the patients were household and unemployed, making up 41.78% (26 477/63 376) of total cases and showed an increasing year-on-year trend (χ2trend=17.404, P<0.001). Direct medical consultation was the primary mode of patient source at 50.28%(31 864/63 376), while 64.54%(40 904/63 376) cases reported a delay in seeking treatment. Seasonality was observed in the occurrence of pathogen-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, with February and September being the months of lowest incidence, while May and June witnessed peak incidences. The etiological positive patients were mainly in Shenyang, Dalian, Jinzhou and other regions. The proportion of successful treatment of etiologically positive decreased from 91.15% in 2016 to 85.88% in 2022, manifesting a downward trend (χ2trend=35.892, P<0.001). Conclusions　From 2016 to 2022, the incidence and registration rates of pathogen-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Liaoning Province displayed an upward trend. Several characteristics were observed including seasonal variations, delayed treatment, regional distribution differences, and a decline in successful treatment rates. Targeted prevention and control measures should be formulated according to the actual situation in Liaoning Province.

Analysis on the technical results of tuberculosis laboratory testing in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2022 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To evaluate the application of TB laboratory detection technology in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2022, and to provide scientific basis for further improving the detection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the province. Methods The medical records of registered tuberculosis patients in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2022 were collected from the "Tuberculosis Information Management System" in the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" subsystem. Statistical analysis was performed for sputum coating, sputum culture, and molecular biology testing. Results From 2016 to 2022, a total of 152 778 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were registered in Liaoning Province. The detection rate of sputum smear microscopy was 98.03% (149 775/152 778), the detection rate of sputum culture was 20.72% (31 661/152 778), and the detection rate of molecular biology testing was 20.21% (30 737/152 778). From 2018 to 2022, the rate of molecular biological detection showed an increasing trend (χ2trend=7 104.466, P<0.01), while from 2016 to 2021, the detection rate of sputum culture showed an increasing trend, with statistical significance (χ2trend=3,068.701, P<0.01). The sputum smear detection rate showed a downward trend（χ2trend=689.913, P<0.01). . There were significant differences in the results of sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture, and molecular biology testing, as confirmed by the McNemar test (P<0.01). The positive rate of pathogenic academics increased from 26.27% in 2016 to 51.55% in 2022, showing a yearly upward trend (χ2trend=5 262.863, P<0.01), with significant differences between each year (χ2=5 686.935, P<0.01). Among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with positive pathogenic microorganisms, the proportion of sputum smear-positive cases decreased from 94.32% to 52.36%, showing a downward trend (χ2trend=5 010.104, P<0.01). The proportion of culture-positive cases increased from 5.68% in 2016 to 12.83% in 2022, showing an upward trend (χ2trend=122.501, P<0.01). In Liaoning Province, molecular biology testing has been carried out since 2018, and the proportion of molecular biology-positive cases increased from 11.51% to 34.81%, showing an increasing trend (χ2trend=1 969.326, P<0.01). The number of positive patients in molecular biological tests in municipal hospitals accounted for 18.69% (8 386/44 778) of etiological positive patients, while the number of positive patients in county-level hospitals accounted for 13.61% (2 439/17 924) of etiological positive patients, with significant differences (χ2=231.594, P<0.01). Conclusions The implementation of molecular biology testing for tuberculosis in Liaoning Province is one of the main measures to improve the positive rate of etiology, and it helps to diagnose tuberculosis patients timely and accurately

Mechanism of Jiming Powder in ameliorating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

In this study, untargeted metabolomics was conducted using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) technique to analyze the potential biomarkers in the plasma of mice with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF) induced by a high-fat diet(HFD) and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor(Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, L-NAME) and explore the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Jiming Powder in improving HFpEF. Male C57BL/6N mice aged eight weeks were randomly assigned to a control group, a model group, an empagliflozin(10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group, and high-and low-dose Jiming Powder(14.3 and 7.15 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) groups. Mice in the control group were fed on a low-fat diet, and mice in the model group and groups with drug intervention were fed on a high-fat diet. All mice had free access to water, with water in the model group and Jiming Powder groups being supplemented with L-NAME(0.5 g·L~(-1)). Drugs were administered on the first day of modeling, and 15 weeks later, blood pressure and cardiac function of the mice in each group were measured. Heart tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining to observe pathological changes and Masson's staining to observe myocardial collagen deposition. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the plasma collected from mice in each group, and metabolic pathway analysis was conducted using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The results showed that the blood pressure was significantly lower and the myocardial concentric hypertrophy and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were significantly improved in both the high-dose and low-dose Jiming Powder groups as compared with those in the model group. HE and Masson staining showed that both high-dose and low-dose Jiming Powder significantly alleviated myocardial fibrosis. In the metabolomics experiment, 23 potential biomarkers were identified and eight strongly correlated metabolic pathways were enriched, including linoleic acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The study confirmed the pharmacological effects of Jiming Powder in lowering blood pressure and ameliorating HFpEF and revealed the mechanism of Jiming Powder using the metabolomics technique, providing experimental evidence for the clinical application of Jiming Powder in treating HFpEF and a new perspective for advancing and developing TCM therapy for HFpEF.

Effect and mechanism of Jiming Powder on myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial infarction / 中国中药杂志

Jiming Powder is a traditional ancient prescription with good therapeutic effect in the treatment of heart failure, but its mechanism lacks further exploration. In this study, a mouse model of coronary artery ligation was used to evaluate the effect and mechanism of Jiming Powder on myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial infarction. The study constructed a mouse model of heart failure after myocardial infarction using the method of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. The efficacy of Jiming Powder was evaluated from multiple angles, including ultrasound imaging, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, Masson staining, Sirius Red staining, and serum myocardial enzyme spectrum detection. Western blot analysis was performed to detect key proteins involved in ventricular remodeling, including transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 3a(Wnt3a), β-catenin, matrix metallopeptidase 2(MMP2), matrix metallopeptidase 3(MMP3), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1(TIMP1), and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2(TIMP2). The results showed that compared with the model group, the high and low-dose Jiming Powder significantly reduced the left ventricular internal diameter in systole(LVID;s) and diastole(LVID;d), increased the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS), effectively improved cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction, and effectively reduced the levels of myocardial injury markers such as creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), thus protecting ischemic myocardium. HE staining showed that Jiming Powder could attenuate myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration after myocardial infarction. Masson and Sirius Red staining demonstrated that Jiming Powder effectively inhibited myocardial fibrosis, reduced the collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio in myocardial tissues, and improved collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction. Western blot results showed that Jiming Powder reduced the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Wnt3a, and β-catenin, decreased the levels of MMP2, MMP3, and TIMP2, and increased the level of TIMP1, suggesting its role in inhibiting cardiac fibroblast transformation, reducing extracellular matrix metabolism in myocardial cells, and lowering collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA content, thus exerting an anti-myocardial fibrosis effect after myocardial infarction. This study revealed the role of Jiming Powder in improving ventricular remodeling and treating myocardial infarction, laying the foundation for further research on the pharmacological effect of Jiming Powder.

Construction and application of inducible macrophage-specific knockout GRK2 gene mice model / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective@#To establish an inducible macrophage-specific knockout G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( GRK2) gene ( GRK2flox / flox Lyz2-CreERT + ) mice model．@*Methods@#GRK2flox / flox Lyz2-CreERT + mice were constructed based on Cre / LoxP system．The genotypes of GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice were identified by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis．After the mice were sacrificed by carbon dioxide method，the expression of GRK2 in bone marrow-derived macrophages ( BMDMs) and peritoneal macrophages ( PMs) was detected by Western blot．Immunofluorescence was used to detect GRK2 expression in mouse brain，heart and spleen macrophages．The M1 / M2 ratio in PMs induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was analyzed by flow cytometry. @*Results@#The results of genotype identification showed that the mice with a band at 355 bp in the length of the flox amplification product and a band at 355 bp in the length of the Cre amplification product were GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice．Western blot results showed that GRK2 expression in BMDMs and PMs of GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice decreased compared with GRK2flox / flox mice(P＜0. 01) ．Immunofluorescence results showed that GRK2 expression decreased in the brain，heart and spleen of GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice compared with GRK2flox / flox mice (P < 0. 01) ．Flow cytometry showed that compared with GRK2flox / flox mice，there was no significant difference in the proportion of CD86 / CD206 in the PMs of GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice．Under PGE2 ( 10 μmol / L) stimulation， the proportion of CD86 / CD206 in GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice PMs increased (P ＜0. 01) ．The proportion of CD86 / CD206 in the PMs of GRK2flox / flox mice was higher than that of GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice(P＜0. 01) . @*Conclusion @#In this study，GRK2flox / floxLyz2-CreERT + mice model was successfully constructed，and the mice promoted PGE2-induced polarization of PMs to M2-type macrophages compared with control mice.

Prevention and treatment of perioperative venous thromboembolism in colorectal cancer patients / 国际外科学杂志

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common perioperative complication in patients with malignant tumors. Factors such as colorectal cancer itself and surgical treatment can increase the risk of perioperative VTE. In recent years, with the development of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, the understanding of cancer-associated venous thrombosis has deepened, and significant progress has been made in the risk assessment, prevention and treatment strategies of cancer-associated VTE. This article will review the pathogenesis, risk factors, risk assessment, prevention and treatment strategies of colorectal cancer-associated VTE, in order to provide evidence-based medical basis and research ideas for the standardized management and future research of colorectal cancer-associated VTE.

Application of bovine corneal opacity and permeability test in the eye irritation evaluation of cosmetics / 上海预防医学

Objective To establish bovine corneal opacity and permeability （BCOP） test， and determine its predictive ability for the eye irritation evaluation of cosmetics. Methods A total of ten reference chemicals were selected to establish the BCOP test. Then eye irritation of 16 routinely collected cosmetics in our laboratory was predicted. In vitro scores were calculated by the change in the opacity and sodium fluorescein permeability after exposure to the testing cosmetics， and subsequently compared with the historical data by Draize test. Results Reference chemicals with known irritation classification were correctly classified by the BCOP test， which was consistent with the classification of UN globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals. Moreover， the specificity of the BCOP test for the classification of non-irritating cosmetics samples was 80.0% （8/10）， and the sensitivity for weak to mild irritating cosmetics samples was 83.3% （5/6）. The BCOP test demonstrated an overall classification consistency of 81.3% （13/16） with in vivo test. Conclusion BCOP test may be independently used to identify chemicals with potential eye irritation and serious eye damage， suggesting it is significant for in vitro integrated test strategy for predicting eye irritation due to cosmetics.