ABSTRACT
As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapyABSTRACT
Allergic diseases affect about 40% of the world's population. Environmental factors are important in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases. Dust mites are one of the most important allergens in the indoor environment. The World Health Organization proposes the "four-in-one, combination of prevention and treatment" treatment principle for allergic diseases, in which environmental control to avoid or reduce allergens is the first choice for treatment. Modern people spend much more time at home (including sleeping) than outdoors, and the control of the home environment is particularly critical. This practice introduces the hypoallergenic home visit program, which including home environment assessment, environmental and behavioral intervention guidance, and common household hypoallergenic supplies and service guidance for the patient's home environment. The real-time semi-quantitative testing of dust mite allergens, qualitative assessments of other indoor allergens, record of patients' household items and lifestyle, and precise, individualized patient prevention and control education will be conducted. The hypoallergenic home visit program improves the doctors' diagnosis and treatment data dimension, and becomes a patient management tool for doctors outside the hospital. It also helps patients continue to scientifically avoid allergens and irritants in the environment, effectively build a hypoallergenic home environment, reduce exposure to allergens in the home environment, and achieve the goal of combining the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals , Life Style , SleepABSTRACT
As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapyABSTRACT
Allergic diseases affect about 40% of the world's population. Environmental factors are important in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases. Dust mites are one of the most important allergens in the indoor environment. The World Health Organization proposes the "four-in-one, combination of prevention and treatment" treatment principle for allergic diseases, in which environmental control to avoid or reduce allergens is the first choice for treatment. Modern people spend much more time at home (including sleeping) than outdoors, and the control of the home environment is particularly critical. This practice introduces the hypoallergenic home visit program, which including home environment assessment, environmental and behavioral intervention guidance, and common household hypoallergenic supplies and service guidance for the patient's home environment. The real-time semi-quantitative testing of dust mite allergens, qualitative assessments of other indoor allergens, record of patients' household items and lifestyle, and precise, individualized patient prevention and control education will be conducted. The hypoallergenic home visit program improves the doctors' diagnosis and treatment data dimension, and becomes a patient management tool for doctors outside the hospital. It also helps patients continue to scientifically avoid allergens and irritants in the environment, effectively build a hypoallergenic home environment, reduce exposure to allergens in the home environment, and achieve the goal of combining the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals , Life Style , SleepABSTRACT
Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Adolescent , SARS-CoV-2 , Smell , COVID-19/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , COVID-19 Vaccines , Incidence , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Taste Disorders/etiology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the types and clinical characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) based on artificial intelligence and whole-slide imaging (WSI), and to explore the consistency of the diagnostic criteria of the Japanese epidemiological survey of refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (JESREC) in Chinese CRSwNP patients. Methods: The data of 136 patients with CRSwNP (101 males and 35 females, aging 14 to 70 years) who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from 2018 to 2019 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analysed retrospectively. The preoperative clinical characteristics of patients were collected, such as visual analogue scale (VAS) of nasal symptoms, peripheral blood inflammatory cell count, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), Lund-Kennedy score and Lund-Mackay score. The proportion of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils were calculated on the WSI of each patient through artificial intelligence chronic rhinosinusitis evaluation platform 2.0 (AICEP 2.0), and the specific type of nasal polyps was then obtained as eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) or non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-eCRSwNP). In addition, the JESREC diagnostic criteria was used to classify the nasal polyps, and the classification results were compared with the current gold standard for nasal polyps diagnosis (pathological diagnosis based on WSI). The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria of JESREC were evaluated. The data were expressed in M (Q1, Q3) and statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results: There was no significant difference between eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP in age distribution, gender, time of onset, total VAS score, Lund-Kennedy score or Lund-Mackay score. However, there was a significant difference in the ratio of nasal polyp inflammatory cells (eosinophils 40.5% (22.8%, 54.7%) vs 2.5% (1.0%, 5.3%), neutrophils 0.3% (0.1%, 0.7%) vs 1.3% (0.5%, 3.6%), lymphocytes 49.9% (39.3%, 65.9%) vs 82.0% (72.8%, 87.5%), plasma cells 5.1% (3.6%, 10.5%) vs 13.0% (7.4%, 16.3%), χ2 value was 9.91, 4.66, 8.28, 5.06, respectively, all P<0.05). In addition, eCRSwNP had a significantly higher level of proportion of allergic symptoms (nasal itching and sneezing), asthma, peripheral blood eosinophil and total IgE (all P<0.05). The overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the JESREC diagnostic criteria was 74.3%, 81.3% and 64.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The eCRSwNP based on artificial intelligence and WSI has significant high level of allergic symptoms, asthma, peripheral blood eosinophils and total IgE, and the percentages of inflammatory cells in nasal polyps are different from that of non-eCRSwNP. The JESREC diagnostic criteria has good consistency in our research.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Artificial Intelligence , Chronic Disease , Eosinophils/metabolism , Nasal Polyps/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Rhinitis/pathology , Sinusitis/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are a series of perioperative care to optimize preoperative preparation, prevent postoperative complications, minimize stress, and speed up recovery. This study aimed to assess the impact of ERAS protocols for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).@*METHODS@#One hundred and two patients with CRSwNP undergoing FESS were randomly divided into the ERAS group and the control group. The outcomes of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS) and Kolcaba Comfort Scale Questionnaire (GCQ) were determined in both groups. The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively.@*RESULTS@#The ERAS group had a significantly better SAS scores than did the control group (28 [24, 35] vs. 43 [42, 47], Z = 5.968, P 0.05); However, the CRP level in 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the ERAS group than that in the control group (2.5 [1.4, 3.9] vs. 6.6 [3.8, 9.0], Z = 5.027, P 0.05), hemorrhage, aspiration and tumble, were not increased in the ERAS group compared with those in the control group. The ERAS group had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (5 [4, 5] days vs. 8 [8,9] days, Z = 8.939, P < 0.001) and hospitalization expenses ($ 2670 [2375, 2740] vs. $3129 [3116, 3456], Z = 8.514, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#ERAS protocols might optimize FESS for patients with CRSwNP by reducing psychological and physical stress, shortening the length of hospital stay and lowering hospitalization expenses without increasing postoperative complications.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR1800015791; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=26872.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , C-Reactive Protein , Metabolism , Chronic Disease , Length of Stay , Nasal Polyps , Metabolism , General Surgery , Perioperative Care , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period , Sinusitis , Metabolism , General Surgery , Surveys and Questionnaires , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery , MethodsABSTRACT
@#【Objective】To investigate the predictive value of blood eosinophil in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(eosCRSwNP)by analyzing the characteristics of eosCRSwNP adult patients in Guangdong Province, China.【Method】From Oct.2017 to Sep.2018,a total of 108 eosCRSwNP adult inpatients scheduled for surgery in Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery,The Third Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled. They were divided into eosCRSwNP(n = 39) and non-eosCRSwNP(n = 69) group by the pathologic features. The demographic and clinical features were collected and compared.【Results】The eosCRSwNP group accounted for 36.1% while non-eosCRSwNP group accounted for 63.9% in our study. A higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis,asthma and higher blood IgE level,bilateral Lund-Mackay score of posterior ethmoid sinus,ethmoid to maxillary Lund-Mackay score ratio, peripheral blood eosinophil absolute count and percentage and peripheral blood basophil absolute count and percentage were found in eosCRSwNP patients. Only peripheral blood eosinophil absolute count and percentage were independent predictors of eosCRSwNP. The cutoff absolute value of 0.275×109/L demonstrated a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 72.5% while the cutoff relative value of 4.32% demonstrated a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 73.9%.【Conclusion】Non-eosCRSwNP was predominant in Guangdong. EosCRSwNP differs from non-eosCRSwNP in many clinical features,while peripheral blood eosinophil count and percentage were independent predictors of eosCRSwNP.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of peripheral blood gammadelta T cells/CD4 CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg) and cytokines interleukin 17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in patients with allergic rhinitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2012 to July 2012, 32 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR group) and 20 healthy control subjects (control group) were collected. The expression of peripheral blood gammadelta T cells/Treg cells were measured by flow cytometry and the levels of IL-17 and TGF-beta1 were evaluated by ELISA. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentages of gammadeltaT cells in AR group were (13.30 +/- 8.62)%, which was significantly higher (t = 5.18, P < 0.01) than those in control group (5.18 +/- 1.86)%. The percentages of Treg cells in AR group were (1.75 +/- 0.56)%, which were significantly lower (t = 7.46, P < 0. 01) than those in control group (4.76 +/- 1.74)%. The IL-17 levels in AR group were (668.55 +/- 45.15) pg/ml, which were also significantly higher (t = 8.97, P < 0.01) than those in control group (573.53 +/- 17.42) pg/ml. The TGF-beta1 levels in AR group were (0.34 +/- 0.04) pg/ml, which were also significantly lower (t = 9.51, P < 0.01) than those in control group (0.49 +/- 0.06) pg/ml. There was a negative correlation between the percentages of gammadelta T cells and Treg cells (r = -0.561, P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between the percentages of gammadelta T cells and TGF-beta1 levels (r = -0.622, P < 0.01). A positive correlation was shown between the percentages of gammadelta T cells and IL-17 levels in AR (r = 0.469, P < 0.01). A positive correlation was shown between the percentages of Treg cells and TGF-beta1 levels in AR (r = 0.738, P < 0.01). There was no correlation between IL-17 levels and the percentages of Treg cells or TGF-beta1 levels (r value was -0.111, -0.196, all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are imbalances of gammadelta T and Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis. gammadelta T cells may be the main cell to produce IL-17, which may play an important role in allergic rhinitis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Flow Cytometry , Interleukin-17 , Metabolism , Rhinitis, Allergic , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of γδ T cells in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its potential significance in pathogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>γδ T cell expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (Envision method). From polyps (25 CRS patients with nasal polyps, CRSwNP), inferior turbinate mucosa (13 CRS patients without nasal polyps, CRSsNP), and 16 inferior turbinate mucosa from patients with deviation of nasal septum served as control. The infiltration of eosinophils in eosinophilic CRSwNP was observed by HE staining. The differences of expression of γδ T cells between each groups were compared, meanwhile the relationship between γδ T cells and eosinophils were analyzed. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive range of γδ T cells in CRSwNP group and CRSsNP group was 88.0% and 84.6%, respectively, both higher than 37.5% in control group (χ(2) = 13.413, P < 0.01, χ(2) = 6.564, P < 0.05, respectively), CRSwNP group had no statistical significance compared with CRSsNP group (χ(2) = 0.086, P > 0.05). The expression of γδ T cells in CRSwNP group was stronger than CRSsNP group and control group (U = 596, P < 0.01, U = 296, P < 0.01, respectively); CRSsNP group was stronger than control group (U = 216, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between γδ T cells and eosinophils (r = 0.579, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of γδ T cells was increased in nasal mucosa of CRS. γδ T cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease , Eosinophils , Nasal Mucosa , Cell Biology , Rhinitis , Epidemiology , Metabolism , Sinusitis , Epidemiology , Metabolism , T-Lymphocytes , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) on patients with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) and their related prognostic factors. Methods The clinical data of 103 eyes with TON,admitted to our hospital from January 1995 to February 2001 (n=53) and from March 2001 to December 2009 (n=50),were retrospectively analyzed; the clinical outcomes of these patients after being performed EOND were observed. Univariate analysis (Chi-square test) and logistic regression were performed to analyze the prognostic factors of TON underwent EOND therapy. Results The total effective rate of 103 eyes was 37.86% (39/103); the effective rate of eyes with residual vision was 83.3% (20/24),which was significantly higher than that of those without residual vision (24.05%,19/79,P<0.05).Univariate analysis and multiple factor logistic regression,respectively,showed that 3 variables significantly increased the risk of the visual acuity:no residual vision, interval from injury to surgery for more than 3 d and ethmoid and/or sphenoid sinus hematocele after injury.Other factors such as age,disturbance of consciousness,optic canal fracture,performing of sheathotomy,hormone level and interval from injury to surgery for more than 7 d were not correlated with the efficacy (P>0.05).Comparing fractures at different sites and with different severities,the efficacy of surgery was also different. The logistic regression equation is P (1)=1/ [1+e-(-2139+2.839X3+1.372X5+2.263X9)]. Conclusion The total therapeutic efficacy of EOND on patients with TON is not satisfactory, especially for those without light perception. The prognostic factors of TON were very complex and interactive; no light perception, interval from injury to surgery for more than 3 d,hemorrhage within the ethmoid and/or sphenoid sinus and lateral or multiple fracture of optic canal are factors affecting the prognosis of EOND for patients with TON. The indication for EOND must be individualized.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution and clonality of T cell receptor (TCR) Vγ and Vδ subfamily in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis before and after 1 year treatment with immunotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The specific IgE and the complementary determinant region 3 (CDR3) of TCR V γ (I-III) and Vδ(1-8) subfamily genes in mononuclear cells were amplified from 10 effective cases of allergic rhinitis before and after 1 year treatment with immunotherapy, to observe the distribution and utilization of TCR Vγ and Vδ repertoire. The positive PCR products were further labeled with RT-PCR and analyzed by gene scan technique to determine the CDR3 size and evaluate the clonality of the detectable TCR Vγ and Vδ T cells. Peripheral blood of 10 healthy adults served as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All symptoms were significantly improved after 1 year specific immunotherapy, but no changes were seen in specific IgE [(22.89 ± 9.60) kU/L before treatment, (19.62 ± 7.63) kU/L after treatment, Z = 1.051, P > 0.05]. No statistically significant differences of expression levels of the TCR Vγ I-III subfamily genes were found between patients with allergic rhinitis normal control group (t value were -0.679, -0.516, -0.808, all P > 0.05), but significantly decreased after 1 year treatment. There were statistically significant differences of expression levels of the TCR VγI-II subfamily genes before and after treatment (t value were -2.904, -2.217, all P < 0.05). 5.30 ± 0.82, 4.90 ± 0.57 and 5.20 ± 1.40 out of TCR Vδ (1-8) subfamilies were selectively expressed in T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis before and after 1 year treatment and normal control group, predominantly for TCR Vδ 1, 2, 3 and 6. The TCR Vδ 6 subfamily was found to have statistically significant differences in these groups (Fisher's Exact Test, P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group and the allergic rhinitis group before treatment, a significant higher frequency of Vδ 6 oligoclonal was identified in T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis after 1 year treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was difference in the expression levels of the TCR Vγ I-III subfamily genes and distribution and clonality of TCR Vγ and Vδ subfamily T cells in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis before and after 1 year treatment. Specific immunotherapy can be effective in alleviation of the symptom in patients with allergic rhinitis during the early stage, possibly by inducing TCR γδ T cells, especially the TCR Vδ6 subfamily, and possibly no significant relativity between symptom and specific IgE.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Genes, T-Cell Receptor , Immunoglobulin E , Blood , Immunotherapy , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Rhinitis , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the surgical experiences of treating the frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (FS-CSFR) via combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 17 patients with FS-CSFR,received surgery in our hospital from 1996 to 2009, with emphasis on postoperative complications,clinical outcomes and key technology involved in surgery via combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches. Results Of the 17 patients, 9 were successfully repaired after 1 surgery via combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches; the other 8 were initially treated by endoscopic intranasal approach alone, of which 5 (62.5%) were successful and 3 failed. And then, the 3 patients subsequently underwent the surgery via combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches and succeeded. These 12 patients with FS-CSFR, performed surgeries via combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches were successfully repaired with quick recovery, mild complications, and no significant facial scars. Follow up was performed for 6 to 10 y and no CSFR recurrence was noted. Conclusion Surgery via combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches offers advantages not only in overcoming the difficulty and defects of intranasal endoscopy but also in providing a few traumas and an easy approach, which helps the recovery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the quality of life (QOL) outcome in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective trial was conducted to survey the QOL status of 101 AR patients, in contrast to that of 121 healthy individuals and 97 chronic pharyngitis (CP) patients by generic questionnaire medical outcomes study short-form 36-items health survey (SF-36), and to survey the most troublesome problems of AR patients by disease-specific questionnaire rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ). The correlation between SF-36 and RQLQ had also been analyzed. All the results were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By the assessment of SF-36, the scores of 3 domains (x ± s, the same as follow, the scores were 78.02 ± 18.37, 56.13 ± 17.49, 78.81 ± 16.47, respectively) of AR patients were less than those (84.00 ± 18.36, 74.69 ± 14.13, 83.78 ± 14.31) of healthy individuals (P < 0.05), and the scores of 7 domains (the scores were: 91.78 ± 11.78, 79.16 ± 30.23, 78.02 ± 18.37, 56.13 ± 17.49, 78.81 ± 16.47, 67.66 ± 39.57, 68.78 ± 13.65, respectively) of AR patients were similar with those (94.12 ± 6.88, 80.67 ± 32.38, 73.57 ± 17.96, 59.73 ± 16.58, 80.41 ± 17.01, 63.58 ± 39.99, 66.43 ± 13.71) of CP patients (P > 0.05). By the assessment of RQLQ, in AR patients, both the nasal symptoms and the practical problems got the highest scores (the scores were 2.70 ± 1.29, 2.53 ± 1.37 respectively). According to the assessment of the correlation between SF-36 and RQLQ, the correlation was weak (r = -0.199 ∼ -0.526, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The QOL of AR patients decreased compared with that of healthy individuals, but similar with that of CP patients. The most troublesome problems in AR patients were nasal symptoms and the practical problems. Both SF-36 and RQLQ were suitable for assessing the health status of AR patients. SF-36 and RQLQ each covered a different part of the QOL of AR patients, and the combination of the two questionnaires could improve the QOL measurement.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial , Epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the activation and regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) on transcription of cytokines in cultured lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nasal epithelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Normal sphenoid mucosa epithelium from 11 patients who accepted pituitary tumor surgery via trans-sphenoid approach was separated and cultured without serum. The epithelium of the third or the forth passage was induced with LPS. Wedelolactone, a blocking agent of NF-κB was used at the same time. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to detect DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate mRNA of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, eotaxin-2, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DNA binding activity of NF-κB and mRNA of IL-1β, IL-8 and COX-2 increased in cultured LPS-induced nasal epithelial cells (relative values were 1.013 ± 0.144, 0, 0, 0 respectively in control group and relative ones of LPS-induced were 2.050 ± 0.305, 1.057 ± 0.041, 0.950 ± 0.042, 0.117 ± 0.012 respectively). There was significant difference between the control group and LPS-induced nasal epithermal cells group (P values were 0.004, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively). Corresponding expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-8 and COX-2 decreased after the addition of Wedelolactone (relative values were 0.917 ± 0.188, 0.180 ± 0.008, 0, 0 respectively). There was significant difference between the LPS-induced nasal epithelial cells group and the Wedelolactone-addition group (P values were 0.002, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively). But the expression of mRNA of other factors were 0 in all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The NF-κB signal transduction pathway was involved in the transcriptional regulation of IL-1β, IL-8 and COX-2 in cultured LPS-induced nasal epithelial cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cells, Cultured , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Metabolism , Cytokines , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Interleukin-1beta , Metabolism , Interleukin-8 , Metabolism , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Nasal Mucosa , Cell Biology , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and reliability of the measurement of critical anatomic landmarks of endoscopic endonasal anatomy of pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa using multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), and to illustrate the spatial relationship of the surgical landmarks in pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa through an endoscopic endonasal view and radiological images.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Included in this study were eleven fixed cadaver heads (22 pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa), which were prepared from MSCT scans for establishing a spatial coordinates system to calculate the radiological anatomic data and attaining 3D reconstruction image, and also were anatomically dissected to get anatomic data. The anatomic data in two groups were compared, the endoscopic and radiological images of the same regions acquired during the endoscopic endonasal approaches observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distance (x(-) ± s) from nasal columella to sphenopalatine foramen, pterygoid canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid canal, foramen lacerum in radiological group were: (68.83 ± 3.00), (72.49 ± 2.88), (75.26 ± 3.14), (88.55 ± 5.00), (95.19 ± 4.31), (106.76 ± 3.77), (88.16 ± 2.87) mm and in anatomic group were: (68.90 ± 3.04), (72.73 ± 3.08), (75.44 ± 3.07), (89.75 ± 4.13), (96.22 ± 3.37), (106.68 ± 3.75), (88.47 ± 2.64) mm. There was no statistical difference between two groups (t value were -0.856, -1.134, -0.920, -1.923, -1.903, 2.820 and 1.209, respectively, all P > 0.05). Sphenopalatine foramen, pterygoid canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum, carotid canal were the corresponding anatomic structures in endoscope and radiology, which provided the surgeons with anatomic landmarks to identify the spatial relationship of the surgical structures in pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MSCT measurements of anatomic landmarks are feasible and reliable, can be used in clinical individualized surgery. The corresponding anatomic structures of endoscopic and radiological landmarks provide useful reference to surgeons when operating in these areas through an endoscopic endonasal approach.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Endoscopy , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Pterygopalatine Fossa , Diagnostic Imaging , Skull Base , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, Spiral ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical experience of treatment of frontal sinus diseases via combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches, and to explore its indications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study of 24 patients was conducted. All patients were underwent combined transfrontal and intranasal double approaches because of different kinds of frontal sinus diseases, including 16 cases with frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea caused by traumatic comminuted fractures located in posterior wall of frontal sinus, 5 cases with osteoma, 3 cases with inverted papilloma (cancer was confirmed in one case).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All sixteen cases with frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were cured after the first attempt. All cases with osteoma and inverted papilloma (including the patient with canceration) were resected completely after the first attempt. Postoperative follow-up lasted from 3 to 132 months in frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, 8-38 months in osteoma, 7-42 months in inverted papilloma and canceration, the median follow-up period was 36 months. No recurrence was found. Operations were successful in all the patients and frontal sinus outflow tracts were unobstructed. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred and no disfigurement was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The potential indications for the combined transfrontal and intranasal endoscopic approaches are listed as follows, (1) frontal sinus lesions mainly located on the posterior wall, (2) propensity to recur or malignant neoplasms, (3) the lesions of frontal sinus with their lateral boundaries or operative site beyond the plane of the lamina papyracea.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Endoscopy , Frontal Sinus , General Surgery , Paranasal Sinus Diseases , General Surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To study the value of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) in evaluating traumatic optic neuropathy. Methods DT-MRI data of bilateral optic nerve were acquired in 6 patients with unilateral traumatic optic neuropathy. Volume One 1.44 and DTV2 softwares were employed to measure the fraction anisotropy (FA) and average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and to self-compare between the injured and intact optic nerves. The architecture of the optic radiation fiber tracts were displayed with the software of diffusion tensor fiber tracking. Results All of the infraorbital segments of optic nerves were well demonstrated, with suboptimal intracanalicular portion in 2 patients. The average FA of intraorbital optic nerve in 6 patients: the injured side was 0.244±0.067 and the uninjured side was 0.452±0.053 (P=0.000);FA of the injured side obviously decreased. The average value of ADC: the injured side was (1.417±0.121)×10<'-3> mm<'2>/s and the uninjured side was (1.087±0.118)×10<'3> mm<'2>/s (P=0.003);the value of ADC of the injured side obviously increased. Statistically significant differences were noted between the injured side and the uninjured side. The spacial integralities and connected situations of the nerves could be obtained in 4 patients with significant differences between the injured and the uninjured sides. Conclusion DT-MRI can provide useful pathological information in evaluating traumatic optic neuropathy.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the optimal timing of operation and the therapeutic effect of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical records of 90 consecutive patients with TON (93 eyes) after head and/or maxillofacial trauma from April 1998 to March 2007 were reviewed and analyzed. All patients were either unresponsive or intolerant to medication before they underwent intranasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression. The time interval between the injury and operation ranged from one day to 97 days (median 5.5 days). Among the 93 eyes, there were 71 eyes with no visual acuity before operation and 22 eyes with residue visual acuity, including light perception in 1 eye, hand movement in 5 eyes, counting fingers in 13 eyes, 0.04 in 1 eye, and 0.1 in 2 eyes. Duration of follow-up ranged from 6 days to two years (median 8 days).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After decompression, 35 patients (36/93 eyes, 38.7%) showed improvement of visual acuity, 53 patients (55 eyes, 59.1%) remained the same as before operation, while 2 patients (2 eyes, 2.2%) showed decreased visual acuity. Among patients with visual acuity beyond light perception before decompression, 68.2% of them (15/22 eyes) experienced visual improvement, whereas only 22.9% (8/35 eyes, 0.02 in two eyes) among patients who lost visual acuity immediately after injury, and 36.1% (13/36 eyes, 0.02 in five eyes) among those who lost visual acuity gradually after injury. There was a significant difference in visual improvement between group with visual acuity and group with no visual acuity (chi(2) = 11.864, P < 0.01). Among patients with no visual acuity, 41.2% of those (7/17 eyes) who underwent operation within 3 days of injury, experienced improvement in visual acuity, compared with 25.9% (14/54 eyes) for those who underwent the operation more than 3 days after injury. It was indicated that no significant difference in visual improvement between these two groups (chi(2) = 1.46, P > 0.05). When comparing different sites of fracture, the effect of surgery was the most desirable (55.6%, 10/18 eyes improved) if the fracture occurred simultaneously in both exterior and interior walls of optic canal, followed by the interior wall fracture (45.7%, 21/46 eyes). The operation was less effective if there was no fraction (20%, 4/20 eyes) or if the fracture occurred in exterior wall alone (11.1%, 1/9 eyes).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is a minimally invasive procedure with no adverse cosmetic effects. Early operation is recommended for saving vision, even though visual acuity is lost immediately after injury. However, the satisfactory clinical effects of endoscopic optic nerve decompression require further study.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Decompression, Surgical , Methods , Endoscopy , Neurosurgical Procedures , Nose , General Surgery , Optic Nerve Injuries , General Surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical type, diagnosis and prognosis of endoscopic surgery of choanal polyp (CP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty four cases of CP treated between January 1998 to December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Pathogenesis, original sites, clinical manifestation, its relationship with paranasal sinuses, methods and effects of endoscopic surgery on CP were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In this study, 18 cases originated from the cyst or polyp in sinus (among them, 17 from maxillary sinus, 1 from posterior ethmoid sinus). (2) Five cases from nasal fontanelles or sphenoethmoidal recess, mucosa of sphenoidal ostium, accompanied with homolateral empyema or mucosal edema of maxillary sinus or sphenoid sinus. (3) Eleven cases from middle turbinate, uncinate process, olfactory cleft, nasal septum and anterior wall mucosa of ethmoidal sinus with normal adjacent sinus. (4) All cases were treated by complete excision of the CP and open sinus procedures of the affected ones with intranasal endoscopic approach. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) We propose to divide the CP into three clinical types: intrasinus, sinus obstruction and simple ones. We also suggest to abide by the operation principal based on clinical types and to select rational methods and extent of operation. (2) Definite diagnosis and clinical type can be obtained by endoscopic examination and CT scan of sinus before operation. (3) Endoscopic surgery is precise and mini-invasive in treatment of CP and complete removal of CP root can effectively reduces the recurrence.</p>