ABSTRACT
Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a heterodimeric cytokine, plays a protective role in diabetes. Ghrelin, a gastric hormone, provides a hunger signal to the central nervous system to stimulate food intake. The relationship between IL-27 and ghrelin is still unexplored. Here we investigated that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling mediates the suppression of ghrelin induced by IL-27. Co-localization of interleukin 27 receptor subunit alpha (WSX-1) and ghrelin was observed in mouse and human gastric mucosa. Intracerebroventricular injection of IL-27 markedly suppressed ghrelin synthesis and secretion while stimulating STAT3-mTOR signaling in both C57BL/6J mice and high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. IL-27 inhibited the production of ghrelin in mHypoE-N42 cells. Inhibition of mTOR activity induced by siRNA or rapamycin blocked the suppression of ghrelin production induced by IL-27 in mHypoE-N42 cells. siRNA also abolished the inhibitory effect of IL-27 on ghrelin. IL-27 increased the interaction between STAT3 and mTOR in mHypoE-N42 cells. In conclusion, IL-27 suppresses ghrelin production through the STAT3-mTOR dependent mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of the activating circulation to remove blood stasis through observingthe influence of Inonotus hispidus on hemorheology in the rat models with blood stasis due to cold syndrome..Methods:The rats were randomly divided into normal control group,blood stasis model group,positive control group,low and high doses ofInonotus hispidus (S1-S6) sample groups;there were 15 groups,and 12 rats were in each group.Except for normal control group,the rats in other groups were injected adrenaline hydrochloride and immersing in ice water to build the blood stasis due to cold syndrome rat models.The indexes of hemorheoloy of the rats were detected,and the HPLC spectrum-effect relationship was analyzed.Results:The yellow fruiting bodies (S3-S6) of Inonotus hispidus which were parasitic on the different trees significantly improved the hemorheological indexes in the rat models.Compared with model group,the blood viscosity and whole blood viscosity of the rats in high dose of yellow fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus group were decreased (P＜0.05).The black fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus showed the similar effect to the yellow fruiting body,but the hemorheological indexes of the rats in black fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus group had no significant changes compared with model group (P ＞ 0.05).The results of the spectrum-effect showed that the corresponding components of 11 chromatographic peaks were closely correlated with the changes of plasma viscosity,and the correlation coefficient ＞ 0.8.Through identification,four compounds of them were named phellibaumin A,phelligridin C (cis),phelligridin C (trans),phelligridin D and 3'4'-dihydroxy-5-[(11-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-vinyl]-3,5-dioxa-fluoren-5-one.Conclusion:The yellow fruiting bodies of Inonotus hispidus which are parasitic on the different trees can decrease the blood viscosity and whole blood viscosity and have the effects of activating the circulation to remove blood stasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effects of the activating circulation to remove blood stasis through observingthe influence of Inonotus hispidus on hemorheology in the rat models with blood stasis due to cold syndrome.. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into normal control group, blood stasis model group, positive control group, low and high doses of Inonotus hispidus (Sl-S6) sample groups; there were 15 groups, and 12 rats were in each group. Except for normal control group, the rats in other groups were injected adrenaline hydrochloride and immersing in ice water to build the blood stasis due to cold syndrome rat models. The indexes of hemorheoloy of the rats were detected, and the HPLC spectrum-effect relationship was analyzed. Results: The yellow fruiting bodies (S3-S6) of Inonotus hispidus which were parasitic on the different trees significantly improved the hemorheological indexes in the rat models. Compared with model group, the blood viscosity and whole blood viscosity of the rats in high dose of yellow fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus group were decreased (P0. 05). The results of the spectrum-effect showed that the corresponding components of 11 chromatographic peaks were closely correlated with the changes of plasma viscosity, and the correlation coefficient > 0. 8. Through identification, four compounds of them were named phellibaumin A, phelligridin C (cis), phelligridin C (trans), phelligridin D and 3 4-dihydroxy-5-[(11-hydroxyphenyl)-6, 7-vinyl]-3, 5-dioxa-fluoren-5-one. Conclusion: The yellow fruiting bodies of Inonotus hispidus which are parasitic on the different trees can decrease the blood viscosity and whole blood viscosity and have the effects of activating the circulation to remove blood stasis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC fingerprint of Qingbi granules.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Diamonsil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.3％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 260 nm,and column temperature was 25 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL.Using baicalin as reference,HPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples were determined.Common peak identification and similarity evaluation were performed by using TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation Software (2.0 edition).RESULTS:There were 29 common peaks in HPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples.The similarity among the 10 batches was more than 0.90.After validation,HPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples were in line with control fingerprints.CONCLUSIONS:Established fingerprints can provide reference for identification and quality evaluation of Qingbi granules.
ABSTRACT
Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) is a class of postsynaptic density proteins (PSDs) in the postsynaptic dense of the postsynaptic membrane,including PSD-95,SAP-102,PSD-93,and SAP-97.MAGUK family members contain several protein binding sites,and these special binding sites are responsible for mediating a variety of signal transduction.MAGUKs participate in the occurrence and development mechanisms in central nervous system diseases,and has become a topic of general interest of neuroscience.This article briefly reviews the roles of MAGUKs in ischemic brain injury.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the 5' regulatory region of the aldose reductase (AR) gene for genetic variabilities causing changes in protein expression and affecting the promoter function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The screenings were carried out by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). All SSCP variants were submitted for DNA sequencing and inserted into the plasmid chloromycetin acetyl transferase (CAT) enhancer vector. The constructs were used to transfect Hela cells, and CAT assays were performed to assess promoter activity. Gel mobility shift and footprinting assays were also performed to determine the interaction between the DNA and nuclear proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two polymorphisms, C (-106) T and C (-12) G, were identified in the regulatory region in 123 Chinese control subjects and 145 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The frequencies of genotypes WT/WT, WT/C (-12) G and WT/C (-106) T were not significantly different between the subjects and patients. In the patients with and without retinopathy, frequencies of WT/C (-106) T were 31.5% and 17.5% (P < 0.05) respectively, and the frequencies of WT/C (-12) G were 10.5% and 2.5% (P > 0.05) respectively. The total frequency of WT/C (-12) G and WT/C (-106) T in patients with retinopathy was 41.8%, significantly higher than that (20.0%) in patients without retinopathy (P < 0.025). The relative transcription activities of the wild-type, the C (-12) G and the C (-106) T were 15.7%, 31.0% and 32.2%, respectively. The results of DNA-protein interaction assays showed that these variations did not change the binding site of DNA with trans-acting factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polymorphisms C (-12) G and C (-106) T strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Chinese population have been identified in the regulatory region of the aldose reductase gene.</p>