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BACKGROUND:Compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule has good therapeutic effects on early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,but the exact mechanism of treatment is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule on fucosyltransferase 8,osteogenic gene and Wnt/β-catenin in bone tissue of rats with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into blank group,model group,low-,middle-,and high-dose drug groups(n=12 per group).In the latter four groups,animal models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were established by subcutaneous injection of imiquimod(once every 2 weeks,2 times in total)and gluteal muscle injection of methylprednisolone(once a week,4 times in total).The low-,middle-and high-dose drug groups were given 1.89,3.78 and 7.56 g/kg per day compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule solution by gavage respectively on the second day after the last modeling.The same amount of saline was given by gavage to the model group.Administration lasted 8 weeks.After the administration,micro-CT scan,histological staining,compression test,RT-qPCR and western blot were performed on the femoral head. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Micro-CT scan results showed that compared with the blank group,trabecular volume fraction,trabecular number and trabecular thickness were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while trabecular separation was increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule could increase trabecular volume fraction,trabecular number and trabecular thickness(P<0.05),and decrease trabecular separation(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that compared with the model group,the rate of empty bone lacunae was reduced in a dose-dependent group in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the blank group,the protein expression of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 was reduced in the model group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule increased the protein expression of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Results from the compression test showed that there was a dose-dependent increase in the maximum load and elastic modulus of the femoral head in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups compared with the model group(P<0.05).RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2,alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,osteoblast-specific transcription factor and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were decreased in the model group compared with the blank group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,there was a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of the above indicators in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups compared with the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mRNA and protein expression of Wnt2,low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin were decreased(P<0.05)and the mRNA and protein expressions of glycogen synthase kinase 3β were increased(P<0.05)in the model group;compared with the model group,there was a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt2,low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin(P<0.05)but a dose-dependent decrease in the mRNA and protein expressions of lycogen synthase kinase 3β(P<0.05)in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups.To conclude,the mechanism by which the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule treats steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head may activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through the up-regulation of fucosyltransferase 8,thereby promoting bone formation.
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BACKGROUND:The majority of studies on developmental dysplasia of the hip focus on hip malformations,but there are few reports on the effects of acetabular dysplasia on the spine. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compensation of spinopelvic parameters in coronal and sagittal views in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip,and to explore the correlation between acetabular development and spinopelvic parameters. METHODS:A total of 101 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to June 2022 were selected as the trial group,and 114 healthy subjects were selected as the control group during the same period.The spinopelvic parameters of the subjects were measured through the full-length X-ray films of the coronal and sagittal spines:lumbar lordosis,anterior pelvic tilt,thoracolumbar kyphosis,Cobb angle,and the distance between the C7 plumb line and the center sacral vertical line,sacral slope,pelvic incidence,and thoracic kyphosis.The differences in spinopelvic parameters were compared between the two groups.In addition,the differences in spinopelvic parameters in patients with unilateral,bilateral and different Crowe classifications of developmental dysplasia of the hip were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between Sharp angle and spinopelvic parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the sagittal view,the lumbar lordosis in the trial group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The pelvic tilt and kyphosis angle of the thoracolumbar segment in the trial group were significantly greater than those in the control group(P<0.05).In the coronary position,the Cobb angle and the distance between the C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line in the trial group were significantly greater than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the remaining spinopelvic parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)The lumbar lordosis of patients with bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip was significantly lower than that of patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip(P<0.05).The pelvic tilt,thoracolumbar kyphosis,Cobb angle and the distance between the C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line in bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip patients were significantly greater than those in unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip patients(P<0.05).(3)The lumbar lordosis decreased with the increase of Crowe classification severity(P<0.05).The pelvic tilt increased with the severity of the Crowe classification(P<0.05).(4)Pearson correlation analysis showed that Sharp angle was negatively correlated with lumbar lordosis(P<0.05),while Sharp angle was positively correlated with anterior pelvic tilt,Cobb angle,C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line(P<0.05).(5)It is concluded that the pelvic tilt,thoracolumbar kyphosis,Cobb angle and the distance between the C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line increase,while lumbar lordosis decreases in developmental dysplasia of the hip patients.The degree of acetabular dysplasia was significantly correlated with lumbar lordosis,pelvic tilt,Cobb angle,C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line.
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BACKGROUND:The gluteus medius not only abducts the hip joint,but also plays an important role in limiting the external movement of the femoral head.At present,there is a lack of research on the correlation between gluteus medius status and non-traumatic femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the gluteus medius width ratio and the medial space ratio of the hip joint and the progression of non-traumatic femoral head necrosis,and to explore the effect of gluteus medius atrophy on the surface and necrotic zone stress of the femoral head necrosis through finite element analysis. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of unilateral non-traumatic femoral head necrosis patients admitted to Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine was performed.All patients were followed up for an average of more than 2 years.They were divided into a collapsed group and a non-collapsed group based on whether there was collapse of the femoral head during the follow-up.Medial space ratio,gluteus medius width ratio,Sharp angle,gluteus medius length ratio,and gluteus medius activation angle were measured and calculated.The differences in these indicators were compared between the two groups.At the first visit and follow-up at 3,6,12,and 24 months,the medial space ratio and gluteus medius width ratio were measured and calculated to explore the changes of these two indicators in the course of non-traumatic femoral head necrosis.In addition,using three-dimensional finite element analysis,a Japanese Investigation Committee classification C1 type femoral head necrosis model was constructed based on CT data.At the same time,based on MRI data,a model of the gluteus medius muscle was constructed and divided into a gluteus medius muscle atrophy group(gluteus medius width ratio:74%-76%)and a gluteus medius muscle normal group(gluteus medius width ratio:94%-96%).Each group constructed 10 models,with 6 degrees of freedom of the distal femur constrained to zero.600 N pressures were applied along the Z-axis to the upper surface of the sacrum.The stress distribution,maximum stress values on the surface and necrotic area of the femoral head,and the maximum displacement of the necrotic area were compared between two groups of models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 153 patients(67 males and 86 females)with 153 hips were included in this study.(2)At the 24-hour follow-up,the medial space ratio of the collapsed group was significantly higher than that of the non-collapsed group(P<0.05).The gluteus medius width ratio of the collapsed group was significantly lower than that of the non-collapsed group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in Sharp angle,gluteus medius activation angle,and gluteus medius length ratio between the two groups(P>0.05).(3)Since the follow-up time exceeded 3 months,the gluteus medius width ratio of the collapsed group was lower than that of the non-collapsed group(P<0.05).Since the follow-up time exceeded 12 months,the medial space ratio of the collapsed group was higher than that of the non-collapsed group(P<0.05).(4)Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between follow-up time and medial space ratio in the collapsed group(P<0.05),and a significant negative correlation between follow-up time and gluteus medius width ratio(P<0.05).The regression coefficient of gluteus medius width ratio was larger than that of medial space ratio.(5)The group with middle gluteal muscle atrophy showed significant stress concentration on the surface of the femoral head,and the stress zone was significantly located on the outside.The maximum stress on the surface of the femoral head in the group with middle gluteal muscle atrophy was significantly greater than that in the group with normal middle gluteal muscle(P<0.05).There was significant stress concentration in the necrotic area of the middle gluteal muscle atrophy group,and the maximum stress was located at the edge of the necrotic area.The maximum stress and maximum displacement in the necrotic area of the middle gluteal muscle atrophy group were significantly greater than those of the normal group(P<0.05).(6)It is indicated that gluteus medius width ratio is an effective indicator for evaluating changes in gluteal muscle atrophy.In the progression of non-traumatic femoral head necrosis,atrophy of the gluteus medius muscle first occurs,followed by widening of the medial hip joint space.The mechanical mechanism may be that the atrophy of the gluteus medius muscle affects the stability of the hip joint,leading to external displacement of the femoral head,and increasing stress and displacement on the surface and necrotic area of the femoral head.
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Objective To explore the effect of Yunnan specialty rice products on blood sugar by measuring the glycemic index of 5 Yunnan special rice foods:rice noodles,rice cakes,rice rolls,sour rice noodles and dry rice noodles.Methods Following the national standard method to determine the carbohydrate content of 5 Yunnan specialty rice products,and the target amount of the test substance was calculated.Food Glycemic Index Determination Method was used to determine the glycemic index of 5 Yunnan specialty rice products and observe their impact on blood sugar.Results The GI value of Yunnan specialty food rice noodle is 63,rice cake is 64,rice roll is 46,sour rice noodles is 38,and dry rice noodles is 33.Conclusion Yunnan specialty foods rice noodle and rice cake belong to medium GI foods,and diabetes patients should reduce consumption;rice roll,sour rice noodles,and dry rice noodles belong to low GI foods and can be a better staple food source for diabetes patients.
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Objective:To study the phenotype and genotype distribution of Yersinia pestis ( Y. pestis) in different natural foci of plague in China, so as to provide scientific basis for plague prevention and control. Methods:A total of 2 184 strains of Y. pestis isolated from different time periods, regions, hosts and vectors in 11 plague natural foci of China since 1943 were selected for biochemical type identification, glycolysis test, virulence factor test [capsule antigen (F1), pesticin Ⅰ (Pst Ⅰ), virulence antigen factor (VWa), pigmentation factor (Pgm)], different region (DFR) typing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) typing. Results:There were 16 biochemical types of Y. pestis in the natural foci of plague in China, and each biochemical type showed obvious regional distribution in each foci. Most strains were positive for ass hide glue glycolysis (89.79%, 1 961/2 184), maltose (80.13%, 1 750/2 184), glycerol (94.23%, 2 058/2 184), and denitrification (82.78%, 1 808/2 184), and negative for rhamnose (88.78%, 1 939/2 184) and melibiose (85.62%, 1 870/2 184). Virulence factor test results showed that 99.95% (2 183/2 184) of Y. pestis were F1 positive; 99.73% (2 178/2 184) of Y. pestis can produce Pst Ⅰ; 73.31% (1 601/2 184) of Y. pestis were VWa positive and 26.69% (583/2 184) were VWa negative; Pgm positive strains accounted for 72.62% (1 586/2 184), Pgm negative strains accounted for 21.52% (470/2 184), and Pgm mixed type strains accounted for 5.86% (128/2 184). According to DFR typing results, there were 52 genotypes in 2 184 strains of Y. pestis, of which 19 were major genotypes and 33 were minor genotypes. CRISPR typing revealed 16 major genotypes, of which 7 were newly discovered. Conclusion:The phenotypes and genotypes of Y. pestis in various natural foci of plague in China are diverse and have geographical distribution characteristics.
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BACKGROUND:Mechanical stress plays an important role in the progressive collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Therefore,the bone structure of weight-bearing area may be the risk factor for collapse.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the bone preservation of weight-bearing area and collapse progression in necrotic femoral head.METHODS:Eighty-seven patients (102 hips) with ARCO stage Ⅱ osteonecrosis of the femoral head,diagnosed by MRI,were enrolled.All patients underwent a natural progression.Collapse and bone involvement of the weight-bearing area were viewed by anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs.According to the location of the necrotic lesion on the anterolateral portion of the femoral head,the necrosis was divided into three types:type 1,the posteromedial and central portions;type 2,part of the anterolateral portion;type 3,the entire anterolateral portion.The collapse rate and the time to collapse in different types were assessed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) All patients were followed up for 3-58 months.(2) Of the 60 hips with collapse,46 (76.7％) hip collapse was identified on anteroposterior radiograph.On frog-leg lateral radiograph showing collapsed femoral head could be identified in 57 (95.0％) hips,which was significantly different (P ＜ 0.01).(3) In all 102 hips,the collapse rate in type 3 osteonecrosis of the femoral head was significantly higher than that of type 2 osteonecrosis of the femoral head (P ＜ 0.001),and the time to collapse was markedly shortened.None collapse occurred in all six hips with type Ⅰ osteonecrosis of the femoral head during follow-up.(4) In summary,preservation of anterolateral portion is associated with potential collapse progression in necrotic femoral head.
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Objective To investigate the long and mid-term clinical outcomes of the impacting bone graft and impact factors in treating osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH).Methods Impacting bone graft was utilized to treat 54 patients (64 hips)with ONFH.There were 44 cases male and 10 female with an average age of 35.44±8.86 (range,20-55) years.There were 5 hips caused by trauma,23 hips by glucocorticoid administration,28 hips by intake of alcohol,4 hips by alcohol and glucocorticoid induced,and 4 hips by idiopathic factors.There were 14 hips at ARCO (Association Research Circulation Osseous) stage Ⅱ,50 hips at stage Ⅲ and 6 hips at JIC (Japanese Osteonecrosis Investigation Committee) type B,23 hips at type C1,35 hips at C2 type.Harris hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate the clinical effects.Potential factors,including age,etiologies,pain duration,ARCO stage and JIC type,were evaluated to investigate their impacts on clinical outcomes.Surgery failure was defined as diverting to other surgeries,or poor HHS score evaluation (＜70 points).The survival time of femoral head was defined as the interval between time of impacting bone graft and the failure of surgery.Results The mean follow-up duration was 8.61 ± 1.45 (range,5.13-10.84) years.The proportion of patients with excellent or good Harris score was 81.3％ (52/64).The excellent or good rate was 76.0％ (38/50) at 8 years follow-up.Furthermore,the total survival rate of femoral head was 92％ at 8 years follow-up.The number of surgical failure was 10 (12 hips) and the failure rate was 18.8％ (12/64).There were no significant differences in ages,etiologies,pain duration,ARCO stage and JIC type among these patients before surgery (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the post-operational Harris score and excellent or good rate among the 20-30 years group,31-40 years group and over 40 years group (P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference for both two indexes was observed among different etiologies (P ＞ 0.05).When considering the duration after the initial pain,there were significant differences among 6 months group,7-12 months group and over 12 months group (P ＜0.05).There were significant differences between the Ⅲa stage and Ⅲc stage (P＜ 0.05),and between the C1 type and C2 type (P ＜ 0.05).Multifactor Logistic regression showed that there was closely relationship between the Harris score (excellent or good rate) after surgery and pain duration,ARCO stage,JIC type (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Impacting bone graft for ONFH is satisfy in the long and mid-term follow up duration.Impacting bone graft would be more suitable for patients with the collapse less than 2 mm,the lateral wall preservation and interval after the initial pain less than 12 months.
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in hips.Methods From May 2017 to November 2017,five patients with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in hips,who treated in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical manifestations,laboratory inspection,radiological examination,pathological examination and treatment were analyzed.Results Two male cases (40％) and 3 female (60％) were included.The overall age was 49～63 years old (average 54.40±5.37 years old).The course was 19～101 months (average 51.20±32.41months).Four cases of tumor were located in femoral head and 1 case was in femur intertrochanteric region.The maximum tumor diameter was 0.76～1.83 cm (average 1.28±0.39 cm).The early clinical manifestations of the patients were mainly non-specific bone pain or fatigue.The symptoms of the hip were not obvious.All patients had been misdiagnosed.After pathological frac-ture of the hip,the patient suffered from hip pain,thigh pain,fatigue,etc.,or limited hip function.The severe patients had a systemic multiple pathologic fractures.The serum phosphorus was lower than normal in preoperative period and recovered to normal level in 3-8 days after surgery.The postoperative ALP decreased significantly than preoperative in 4 patients and 1 case was slightly higher than preoperative.Preoperative 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and PTH were in normal range.99Tcm-octreotide (OCT) scan or 68Ga DOTA-TATE PET/CT can detect the disease.X-ray,CT and MRI can identify the lesions.The lesions of femoral head were basically under the joint surface,with a nodular change.Part of the tumor was infiltrating and close to the cortex.The pathology was mainly manifested as a large number of thin-walled vessels in the bone trabeculae.There were dense spindle cells or astrocytes between the blood vessels and the atypia is not obvious.Three patients were treated with total hip arthroplasty and two with segmental resection and bone graft.After surgical removal of the tumor,the patient's systemic pain or anemic symptoms were gradually relieved and the joint function was restored.Meanwhile,the bone density was increased.Conclusion The clinical features of the phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in hips were not obvious.Comprehensive diagnosis should be carried out in combination with the clinical manifestations,laboratory examination,radiological examination and pathological examination.Total hip arthroplasty or segmental resection with bone graft can effectively remove the tumor and achieve good prognosis.
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Objective@#To investigate the CRISPR genotypes (clusters) and regional distribution of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai-plateau.@*Methods@#One hundred and two isolates of Y. pestis isolated from human plague patients, host animal and insect vectors from Qinghai-plateau were selected. The DNAs were extracted using the traditional sodium dodecyl sulfate decomposition and phenol-chloroform method. Three CRISPR loci YPa, YPb and YPc of 102 isolates of Y. pesits were amplified and sequenced, and then the CRISPR sequence analysis was carried out by comparing the latest published CRISPR spacer dictionary and the NCBI database to identify the spacer and spacer array. CRISPR genotyping of isolates of Y. pesits were finally conducted according to the polymorphism of the spacer arrays and the regional distribution pattern of isolates of Y. pesits in Qinghai-plateau was described.@*Results@#Forty spacers including 22 of YPa, 13 of YPb and 5 of YPc were observed among 102 isolates of Y. pestis in Qinghai-plateau, of which 5 spacers (a1', a103, a104, b4'' and b4''') were firstly identified. Meanwhile, 16, 10, and 5 different spacer arrays were obtained in YPa, YPb and YPc respectively, including 11 new spacer arrays detected in this study. One hundred and two isolates were divided into 24 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 9 CRISPR clusters (Cb4, Cb4', Cb2, Ca37, Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5', Ca35' and Cc3'). Each dominant cluster presented significant aggregation geographically: Ca7 were found in Yushu, Nangqian, Chenduo, Zaduo, Zhiduo and Qumalai countries. Ca7' were found in Xunhua, Tongren, Zeku, Tongde, Maqin and Guinan countries. CaΔ5' were restricted to Qilian, Gangcha, Menyuan and Datong countries. CaΔ35' were found in Huangyuan, Haiyan, Gangcha, Tianjun, Delingha, Wulan, Doulan, Gonghe, Xinghai, Guide and Tongde countries.@*Conclusion@#CRISPR-based genotyping analyses showed complicated population of Y. pestis in Qinghai-plateau. Four clusters, Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35' were the most epidemic dominant four clusters and presented obvious regional distribution patterns, which instructed us to strengthen the surveillance and prevention and control by CRISPR-genotyping technique.
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Objective To investigate the biological characteristics and epidemiological significance of Yersinia pestis strains in Qilian County,Qinghai Province,in order to provide a scientific basis for plague prevention and control.Method Totally 67 strains were separated from kinds of host in Qilian County,Qinghai Province from 1958 to 2011,to do biochemical test,toxicity test,virulence factors evaluation,plasmid analysis and different region (DFR) genotyping.Results According to biochemical typing,48 of the 50 strains tested were Qing-Tibet Plateau ecotype,15 were Qilian Mountain ecotype,and the remaining 4 were different ecotypes from the plague foci in Qinghai plateau.The strains had 8 genomovars,and were given priority to genomovar8 (42 strains),secondly,genomovar44 (15 strains),genomovar5 (4 strains),genomovar7 (2 strains),genomovar19 (1 strain),genomovar30 (1 strain),genomovar32 (1 strain),and genomovar34 (1 strain).A proportion of 95.52％ (64/67) of the strains contained 3 kinds of plasmid-6 × 106,45 × 106,and 52 × 106;85.07％ (57/67) contained all the four virulence factors,and 96.00％ (48/50) were velogenic strains.Conclusion The strains separated in Qilian County,Qinghai Province have the characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plague's pathogen and have strong toxicity,so we should enhance the plague monitoring and give more publicity to plague prevention to prevent animal plague spreading to human.
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Irisin is one of the myokines, that widely expresses in vavious tissues. Irisin may play a role in metabolism of glucide, lipoid, etc., as well as the insulin resistance, that may be focused in the researches of exercise therapy for diabetes.
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BACKGROUND: Physiological functions, structural fold and unfolding of neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) have been explored in a series of experiments, and then the possible mechanism models and key factors for remaining the structural stability are raised. But many functional models cannot be verified due to the limitations of resolution of the time and space and complex protein structure. The experimental phenomena and hypothesis or models may be tested at the atom levels by molecular dynamics, and the new structure may be predicted to provide basis for model establishment and functional mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To overview the research process of physiological functions and mechanisms of NCS-1 using the experimental method and molecular dynamics simulations, thereby providing basis for future research.METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved for the literatures addressing NCS-1 using the English subject term Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 or Neuronal Calcium Sensor1 or Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1 or NCS-1. Finally, 72 articles were included in result analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The theoretical models of NCS-1 in secretion regulation, dopamine D2 receptor regulation, adenosine A2A receptor regulation in hepatocytes and Ca2+ regulation in myocardial cytoplasm and nuclei with different stimuli are put forward. The key factors to remaining structural stability are analyzed and summarized by modular dynamics simulation in view of structure. It is recommended to combine these two methods in order to deeply understand the protein functional mechanisms, thereby pushing the in-depth study.
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Objectives To assess the effect of nicorandil and trimetazidine on myocardial microcirculation reperfusion in patients with NSTEMI after elective PCI. Methods 80 patients with NSTEMI were randomly assigned to four groups: normal medicine group (CON), nicorandil group (NIC), trimetazidine group (TMZ) and Combination group (NIC+TMZ). The coronary angiography and PCI were performed after 10 days. MCE was taken since 72 hours after operation. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the four groups (P > 0.05). The A, β and A ·β of group NIC were significantly higher than group CON (P 0.05). The A,βand A·βof group NIC+TMZ were significantly higher than group NIC or TMZ (P<0.05). Conclusions Nicorandil can improve the situation of myocardial reperfusion after elective PCI in patients with NSTEMI, and it has some synergetic effect when combined with trimetazidine.
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Objective To explore the effect and side effects of Group A Streptococcus Preparation(Sapylin)com-bined with mitomycin and lentinan combined with mitomycin in treating malignant pleural effusion through intrapleural catheter.Methods 70 malignant pleural effusion patients were selected in this study.All the patients were randomly divided into Sapylin group and lentinan group.One case with penicillin positive of the Sapylin group was adjusted to enter the lentinan group.After drainage of pleural effusion,the patients were divided into Sapylin group (34 patients) and lentinan group (36 patients).For the Sapylin group,Sapylin was prior injected and mitomycin was posterior injected.For the lentinan group,lentinan was prior injected and mitomycin was posterior injected.The side effects and clinical effect were observed and reported.Results The effective rate of Sapylin group was 85.3%,whereas 83.3%of lentinan group.There was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =0.051,P =0.822).Both groups had the following minor side effects:chest pain,fever,vomit and decreased white blood cells.No liver or renal injuries were reported.Conclusion The clinical outcomes of Sapylin combined with mitomycin and lentinan combined with mitomycin are both positive,in addition,the side effects are minor.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of mifepristone on the expression of inflammatory factors in endometriosis (Ems)model rats. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into normal group(normal saline),model group(normal saline), mifepristone low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups [0.65,1.30,2.60 mg/(kg·d)],with 10 rats in each group. Except for normal group,Ems model was induced in other groups,and they were given relevant medicine intragastrically for consecutive 4 weeks. The volume of the ectopic focus was compared before and after treatment. The serum contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA method. The phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 were detected by West-ern blot. The expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in ectopic focus was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,the volume of the ectopic focus,the serum contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8,the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 protein, the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in ectopic focus were increased in model group(P<0.01). Compared with model group,the volume of the ectopic focus,the serum contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8,the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 protein,the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in ectopic focus were de-creased in mifepristone groups(P<0.01),in dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS:Mifepristone can reduce the volume of the Ems ectopic focus,via blocking NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors.
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BACKGROUND:Neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein has a variety of different neuronal functions and has a high distribution in different areas of the brain. A single residue R102Q mutation in human neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein is demonstrated to be associated with autism disease. The experiment studies have reported that this R102Q mutant has essential conformation changes in local area of the neuronal calcium sensor-1. OBJECTIVE: To wel understand the specific reasons of the R102Q mutation of the neuronal calcium sensor-1 to the conformational dynamic changes. METHODS:Six independent extensive al-atom molecule dynamic simulations during 0-450 ns were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We have found that (1) there is no obvious recombination during the simulations between wild type and mutant type, but R102Q mutant alters the helix and makes the structure of the protein more stable; (2) R102Q mutation alters the salt bridges, reduces the flexibility of L2, and makes L3 extend in hydrophobic crevice. These results reveal that the helix plays an important role in the structural stability, and salt bridge is the important reason for the dynamic changes of neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein. This study may provide a structural insight into the function of protein deficiency associated with R102Q mutant.
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Abstract BACKGROUND:Studies have found that Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, opening up a new way of studying molecular genetics. So far more than 100 kinds of SOD1 gene mutations have been found. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the hot spot, research front and knowledge base of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis visualy. METHODS:Totaly 4 693 relevant articles published from 2005 to 2014 were retrieved from Web of Science in ISI with “Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase” or “SOD1” as search keywords. With the aid of CiteSpace III software, the visualization mapping of the network in co-cited articles and keywords was drawn to reveal knowledge base, hot spots and research front of SOD1. The parameters include the number of published papers and citations within 10 years, distribution of research countries and institutions, main source journals, research area of highly cited papers, keywords with high-frequency and emerging keywords with high-frequency in recent 5 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of published papers and citations in a year showed a trend of sustained growth. United State, China and Japan rank the top three in this area, in which Chinese Academy of Sciences has a great influence among the research institutions. The research fields of SOD1 focus on neurosciences and neurology, biochemistry and molecular biology and so on. The high impact factors of journals with a large number of articles reflect the importance and innovation of this research. Ten high-cited articles consist of the knowledge base on SOD1, directing to the finding of different sites of SOD1 mutation and the measurement of protein concentrations and activity of SOD. The hot spots of SOD1 mainly focus on oxidative stress, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by SOD1 mutation and different types of transgenic animal models. The research fronts mainly focus on the finding of pathogenesis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, such as the aggregation of TDP-43, the interaction between astrocytes and motor neurons, optineurin and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 and autophagy.
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BACKGROUND:Research front and hotspots of neuronal calcium sensor-1 are always the focus for the researchers in this field. OBJECTIVE:To probe the research front and hotspots of neuronal calcium sensor-1 with the methods of quantitative analysis. METHODS:The methods of co-cited articles analysis and word frequency analysis were used in the article. The objects were 363 articles from Web of Science by US Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) about the neuronal calcium sensor-1 from 1982 to 2014. The network of co-cited articles and keywords was showed in visualization mapping by using CiteSpace III in which the burst nodes represented the high impact hot papers and the most frequently used keywords, and revealed the research frontier and the hot spots of neuronal calcium sensor-1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The physiological functions of neuronal calcium sensor-1 are the research frontier and the hot spots. The transformational point in time spot of the hotspots is during 1994 to 1996, 2000, 2008, 2012;and the different research focus showed in each stage:the structure and characterization of the protein during 1992-2000 and the protein function and the role during 2004-2012 are the research hotspots, while during 2008-2014 the hotspots place extra emphasis on the higher function (e.g. memory) and several diseases(such as schizophrenia, cancer, autism, depression, senile dementia, neuron damage, etc). The determination of the research frontier domains and hot spots of neuronal calcium sensor-1 wil indicate the goal and direction for the further studies.
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BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of self-proliferation and multi-directional differentiation, while mesenchymal stem cells are few in adult bone marrow. In vitro purification, amplification and osteoinduction are very important for the research of bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple and reliable in vitro cultivation and identification system of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and to induce the mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts. METHODS:Bone marrow were extracted from adult anterior superior iliac, the density gradient centrifugation and adhesion method were used to isolate, purify, culture and amplify the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Osteogenic medium was prepared by mixing appropriate amount of dexamethasone,β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid C. The cells were divided into osteoinduction group and blank control group for observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were in typical long spindle-shape. The cells grew into rapid proliferation phase at 8-11 days and the growth curve was S-shape. CD44 and CD90 were in positive expression, while CD34 and CD45 were negative. The alkaline phosphatase activity was increased with culturing time prolonging, and reached the summit at the 12th day. The alkaline phosphatase activities of osteoinduction group were higher than those in the blank control group at different time points. These results suggested that in vitro cultivation, identification and osteoinduction system could obtain mesenchymal stem cells with high purity and good osteogenic differentiation capacity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To separate and identify chemical constituents from Coptis chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties using spectral techniques such as NMR and MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirteen compounds were separated from ethanol extracts of C. chinensis, including seven lignans, three simple phenylpropanoids, two flavones and one phenolic acid, and identified as erythro-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (1), threo-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (2), (+)-pinoresinol (3), (+)-medioresinol (4), (+)-lariciresinol (5), (+)-5'-methoxylariciresinol (6), (+)-isolariciresinol (7), chlorogenic acid (8), ferulic acid (9), Z-octadecyl caffeate (10), rhamnetin (11), wogonin (12), and vanillic acid (13).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 10-13 were separated from the genus Coptis for the first time.</p>