ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e fatores associados em uma amostra populacional de idosos do Sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos Estudo transversal com base em dados populacionais, que avaliou 1.021 indivíduos idosos entre 60 e 79 anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares para aferição de variáveis sobre transtornos ansiosos, por meio do questionário MINI, dados sociodemográficos, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e dosagem de colesterol. Resultados As prevalências entre os transtornos ansiosos foram de 22,0% para o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG); 14,8% para fobia social (FS); 10,5% para transtorno do pânico (TP); e 8,5% para o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC). Além disso, 40,5% dos indivíduos apresentaram pelo menos um transtorno de ansiedade. A distribuição dos transtornos foi semelhante nos dois gêneros; TAG foi mais prevalente nos indivíduos de menor escolaridade; TOC foi mais presente em indivíduos casados ou em união estável. Em relação às variáveis clínicas, HAS foi associada à presença de TOC; FS foi associada com IAM; TOC e FS foram associados com HDL > 40 mg/dL. Conclusão Os dados demonstram que os quadros de ansiedade são muito frequentes em idosos da comunidade, se sobrepõem de forma significativa e estão associados a algumas variáveis clínicas cardiovasculares.
ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the prevalence of anxiety disorders and associated factors in a population sample of elderly from South of Santa Catarina. Methods Cross-sectional study based on population data, which evaluated 1,021 elderly individuals, between 60 and 79 years. Home interviews were conducted to measure the variables of anxiety disorders, through of the MINI questionnaire, sociodemographic data, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and serum cholesterol measurements. Results The prevalence among anxiety disorders were 22.0% for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 14.8% for social phobia (FS); 10.5% for panic disorder (PD); 8.5% for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and with only, at least one disorder 40.5%. The distribution of the disorders were similar in both genders, GAD was more prevalent among those with lower education; OCD was more prevalent in individuals who were married or in union stable. In relation to clinical variables, SAH was associated with the presence of OCD; FS was associated with AMI; FS and OCD were associated with HDL > 40 mg/dL. Conclusion The data demonstrate that anxiety conditions are very common in older adults, significantly overlap and are associated with cardiovascular clinical variables.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the presence of anxiety disorders and quality of life in patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Methods: Case-control study of 996 patients with type 2 diabetes and 2,145 individuals without diabetes. The sole inclusion criterion for the case group was insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. We compared the case and control groups for sociodemographic variables, laboratory and clinical data, and presence of anxiety disorders. Quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument, and the prevalence of anxiety disorder was evaluated by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results: Patients with diabetes had a higher prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The presence of these disorders in combination with type 2 diabetes was associated with worse quality of life in the physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in patients with diabetes, so as to prevent more serious complications associated with these comorbidities. .
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Quality of Life/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , /drug therapy , /physiopathology , Insulin/therapeutic use , Marital Status , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Social Environment , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate behavioral changes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in rats subjected to ketamine administration (25 mg/kg) for 7 days. Method: Behavioral evaluation was undertaken at 1 and 6 hours after the last injection. Results: We observed hyperlocomotion 1 hour after the last injection and a decrease in locomotion after 6 hours. Immobility time was decreased and climbing time was increased 6 hours after the last injection. BDNF levels were decreased in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala when rats were killed 6 hours after the last injection, compared to the saline group and to rats killed 1 hour after the last injection. BDNF levels in the striatum were decreased in rats killed 6 hours after the last ketamine injection, and BDNF levels in the hippocampus were decreased in the groups that were killed 1 and 6 hours after the last injection. Conclusion: These results suggest that the effects of ketamine on behavior and BDNF levels are related to the time at which they were evaluated after administration of the drug. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anesthetics, Dissociative/administration & dosage , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Brain/drug effects , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Amygdala/drug effects , Amygdala/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Hippocampus/drug effects , Hippocampus/metabolism , Motor Activity/drug effects , Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Swimming , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The incidence of depressive illness is high worldwide, and the inadequacy of currently available drug treatments contributes to the significant health burden associated with depression. A basic understanding of the underlying disease processes in depression is lacking; therefore, recreating the disease in animal models is not possible. Popular current models of depression creatively merge ethologically valid behavioral assays with the latest technological advances in molecular biology. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate animal models of depression and determine which has the best face, construct, and predictive validity. These models differ in the degree to which they produce features that resemble a depressive-like state, and models that include stress exposure are widely used. Paradigms that employ acute or sub-chronic stress exposure include learned helplessness, the forced swimming test, the tail suspension test, maternal deprivation, chronic mild stress, and sleep deprivation, to name but a few, all of which employ relatively short-term exposure to inescapable or uncontrollable stress and can reliably detect antidepressant drug response.
Subject(s)
Animals , Depression/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Animals, Genetically Modified , Depression/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Methylphenidate hydrochloride is the most widely used medication for treatment and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the chronic effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride on anxiety- and depressive-like rat behaviors remain poorly investigated. In this context, the present study evaluated the effects of treatment with methylphenidate hydrochloride on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors using young and adult rats during the light and the dark cycle. METHOD: Male Wistar rats (25 or 60 days old) received a once-daily (in either the light or dark cycle) methylphenidate hydrochloride (2mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneal injection for 28 days. We performed elevated plus maze and forced swimming test two hours after the last injection. RESULTS: The light/dark cycle was a significant factor in the anxiety-like behaviors; however, no significant interaction between all three factors (cycle, age and methylphenidate hydrochloride) was found. Nevertheless, we observed a nominally significant interaction between the light/ dark cycle and age in the forced swimming test. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown that age and the light/dark cycle are more significant modulators of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors than methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment.
OBJETIVO: Hidrocloridrato de metilfenidato é a medicação preferida para o tratamento e manutenção do transtorno de atenção e hiperatividade. No entanto, os efeitos do tratamento crônico com hidrocloridrato de metilfenidato em diferentes idades e ciclos sobre o comportamento relacionado à ansiedade e à depressão ainda não está claro. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com hidrocloridrato de metilfenidato sobre o comportamento relacionado à ansiedade e à depressão em diferentes idades e no ciclo claro e escuro. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos jovens e adultos que receberam uma vez ao dia (ciclo claro e escuro) hidrocloridrato de metilfenidato (2mg/kg) ou salina com injeção intraperitoneal, durante 28 dias. Após duas horas da última injeção, os animais foram submetidos ao testes de labirinto em cruz elevada e natação forçada. RESULTADOS: A fase do ciclo claro e escuro foi um fator significativo para o comportamento relacionado à ansiedade. Além disso, não houve interação significativa entre os ciclos claro e escuro, idade e metilfenidato no comportamento relacionado à ansiedade e à depressão, mas foi observada uma interação significativa entre ciclo claro e escuro e idade no teste de natação forçada. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostraram que a idade e o ciclo claro e escuro são moduladores significativos de ambos os comportamentos quanto do tratamento com hidrocloridrato de metilfenidato.