ABSTRACT
Adhatoda vasica Nees, commonly called Vasaka or Arusha has high medicinal value owing to its rich flavonoid and alkaloid contents. The alkaloid content of A. vasica is known to vary with genotype, and hence vegetative method is recommended for its propagation. Effective medium for A. vasica propagation is an area of interest to researchers. Suspension culture techniques have demonstrated that alkaloids can be recovered from the callus and the suspension cell cultures. In this context, we tried to emphasis upon the use of economically viable organic vermicompost and its extracts along with coelomic fluid as plant tissue culture medium without involving expensive chemicals. In the present study, an organic experimental economical medium being standardized using vermicompost, its extracts along with coelomic fluid and friable soft callus was obtained from leaf explants of A. vasica Nees without any chemical supplementation. Direct shoot formation with leaves was documented on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 3mg/L IBA. Cell suspension medium is standardized using vermicompost extract and the coelomic fluid (3:1 ratio). Suspension cell culture showed cell separation and multiplication of callus. Presence of total phenolics in callus and in vivo plants exhibited no significant variation. Flavonoid content was significantly higher in the callus and suspension cell extracts, Statistically Student’s t-test comparative analysis have shown significance at one per cent level where P ≤0.05 for phenols and flavonoids. Alkaloids were detected on TLC plate, under UV light at 245 and 365 nm, respectively. Rf values of vasicine was found to be 0.4 which corresponds to that of standard vasicine and 0.60 for vasicinone, respectively. HPLC confirmed the presence of vasicine at 5.461 min. This study enables analysis of callus and suspension cell culture for the presence of various secondary metabolites.
ABSTRACT
Background: In recent years, there has been increasing evidence which shows strong links between inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic stroke. Acute phase proteins have been implicated to play roles both during acute and chronic inflammatory processes in different diseases including ischemic stroke. Even low grade infections may cause elevation of various acute phase reactants which may partly be responsible for the inflammatory process observed in atherosclerotic lesions, which may in turn relate to occurrence of ischemic symptoms. Aim of the study: To evaluate the predictive value of hs-CRP in relation to the ultimate functional outcome in first ever ischemic stroke after 4 weeks. Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients who presented with acute ischemic stroke confirmed by CT scan were enrolled into the study. As soon as the patients were admitted within 48 hours of onset of stroke, serum samples were taken for hs-CRP estimation. The serum hs-CRP level was correlated with the functional recovery of patients after 4 weeks using the GOS. Patients with score of 4 and 5 were included in the good outcome and patients with score of 1, 2, 3 were included in the poor outcome category. Results: Mean age of individuals in this study was 60.32 years ± 7.44. Male patients were 48% (24) and female patients were 52% (26). Patients with GOS score of 4 or 5, i.e. those with favorable outcome (34%) 30% had CRP < 10.1 mg/L and 4% had CRP > 10.1 mg/L. All the remaining 66% cases with GOS score of 1, 2 or 3, (i.e. unfavorable outcome) had hs-CRP > 10.1 mg/L. D. Radha, V. Sakthivadivel. A study on High Sensitivity C – Reactive Protein as a determinant in the outcome of acute ischemic stroke. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 213-217. Page 214 Conclusion: Patients with elevated hs-CRP had a poorer outcome when compared to patients with lower levels of CRP, four weeks after the onset of ischemic stroke.