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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of study methodology and evaluation type on the selection of studies during the presentation of scientific events. METHODS: A prospective, observational, transversal approach was applied to a cohort of studies that were submitted for presentation at the 2021 Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium. Three forms of criteria (CR) were presented. CR1 was based on six criteria (method, ethics, design, originality, promotion, and social contribution); CR2 graded the studies from 0 to 10 for each study, and CR3 was based on five criteria (presentation, method, originality, scientific knowledge, and social contribution). To evaluate the item correlation, Cronbach's alpha and factorial analysis were performed. For the evaluation of differences between the tests, we used the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests. To determine the differences in the study classifications, we used the Friedman test and Namenyi's all-pairs comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 122 studies were evaluated. There was also a good correlation with the items concerning criterion 1 (α=0.730) and 3 (α=0.937). Evaluating CR1 methodology, study design and social contribution (p=0.741) represents the main factor and CR3 methodology, and the scientific contribution (p=0.994) represents the main factor. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences in the results (p<0.001) for all the criteria that were used [CR1-CR2 (p<0.001), CR1-CR3 (p<0.001), and CR2-CR3 (p=0.004)]. The Friedman test showed differences in the ranking of the studies (p<0.001) for all studies (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Methodologies that use multiple criteria show good correlation and should be taken into account when ranking the best studies.
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This study aimed to evaluate the clinical image quality of mammograms performed in users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) referred to a tertiary hospital. Methods: A prospective study assessed mammograms from women referred to a specialist breast center in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between May and October 2017. Scans performed in the preceding 6 months, either screening or diagnostic, were included in the study. Clinical quality was determined from 40 variables related to patient identification, technical performance, the equipment, radiological findings, reporting of results, and breast positioning. Scans performed in the public and private healthcare networks were compared regarding mammographic positioning. Results: Overall, 4,560 variables associated with the clinical quality of the images were evaluated in scans from 114 women with a mean age of 50.6 years. A total of 660 (14.47%) inadequacies were found, 443 (67.12%) of which were related to breast positioning. The most common errors were as follows: pectoral muscle could not be seen in 86.8% of scans in the craniocaudal view and inframammary angle could not be seen in 79.8% of scans in the mediolateral oblique view. Considering the breast-positioning criteria evaluated in the mediolateral oblique view, there was a greater risk of the breast not being centrally positioned with the nipple in profile (RR 4.66; 95%CI 1.05−20.62; p=0.02) and of nonvisualization of the retro-areolar area (RR 4.14; 95%CI 0.92−18.66; p=0.04) in the exams performed in the private compared to the public network.
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The role of Basic Health Care (BHC) professionals is essential in the primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize BHC professionals in the Health Regions of a federative unit and to assess their knowledge about breast cancer. This was a prospective study carried out with BHC professionals from the state of Goiás. Phase 1 Preparation of material and training of the team. Phase 2 Agreement of actions between executing team and coordination of health regions. Phase 3 Presentation of project at the collegiate meeting. Phase 4 Qualification of BHC professionals with different learning methods and application of questionnaires, evaluating the contribution of the action. A total of 1,133 professionals were included; mean age was 36.3 years, and they were predominantly women (87.6%), working as community health agents (59.2%) and at public service (76.3%). Only 53.8% of professionals identified the female sex as a risk factor for breast cancer, while 90% identified family history as an important factor for the development of the disease. Important changes in physical examination that can occur in patients with the disease, such as skin retraction, skin bulging and nipple injury, were mentioned as a risk factor only by 35.3%, 31.3% and 39.7%, respectively. BHC professionals who participated in the project had less than ten years of professional experience and significant restrictions of knowledge about primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. They still experience difficulties in accessing mammography and specialized care.
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Introduction: Mammography screening has been the best method for detecting early tumors and reducing breast cancer mortality according to different studies. In Brazil, the number of women who undergo mammography tests by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) has been far below international recommendations. Objective: To describe the number of mammographies, mammography coverage, and the amount spent on this exam during 2019 by SUS, in Brazil. Method: Ecological study with data from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System and the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics in order to verify the number of mammographies performed by the SUS concerning the Brazilian female population in Brazil, in the age group of 50 to 69 years, in the states and in macro-regions during 2019. Results: In 2019, 2,660,469 mammographies were performed in the country out of the expected total of 12,154,979, accounting for a 21.9% mammography coverage by SUS at the cost of BRL 117,841,231.97. The lowest coverage rates were verified in the states of Amapá (0.6%) and the Federal District (4.9%), whereas the best rates were found in the states of Paraná (29.7%) and Alagoas (29.6%). Conclusions: The number of mammographies performed in Brazil in 2019 by SUS corresponded to almost » of the country's need, with mammography coverage far below the target and being widely different among the many Brazilian states.
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Introduction: Medical congresses allow scientific production to be appropriately disseminated and discussed. However, most of the scientific papers presented at medical congresses do not go on to be published in indexed journals. The present study aimed to characterize the abstracts presented at three different congresses on breast cancer held in Brazil, and to determine the publication rate of these three events. Methods: Observational, retrospective study, where the observation unit consisted of the scientific papers presented at the Brazilian Congress of Mastology (CBM), Jornada Paulista de Mastologia (JPM) and Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium (BBCS) in 2017. Initially, we recorded all the abstracts of works presented at the event. Subsequently, the works were searched in digital databases (BIREME/LILACS and MEDLINE/PubMed) and in the respective resumes of the authors on the Lattes platform. Results: The study included 266 abstracts of scientific papers presented in the three selected events, of which 21 (7.9%) were published in an indexed journal. Most of these studies were conducted predominantly in public institutions (71.1%), located in the State of São Paulo (30.5%) and were presented in the form of a poster (77.8%). The publication rate from the BBCS, CBM and JPM was 13.4, 5.4 and 3.4%, respectively (p = 0.03). Considering the published articles, there was no difference in journal impact factor between the congresses (p = 0.49). "Mastology" was the journal that received the largest number of publications (n = 8; 38.1%). Conclusion: In 2017, less than 10% of the abstracts on breast cancer presented at Brazilian congresses were published in an indexed journal. Among the main specialty events in the country, the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium has a significantly higher publication rate.
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RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o perfil de segurança e os resultados estéticos do 2-octilcianoacrilato versus sutura intradérmica com fio de nylon em cirurgias mamárias. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado, aberto, que avaliou a ocorrência de complicações, como deiscência, hematoma, infecção e reações alérgicas após o uso do 2-octilcianoacrilato ou do fio de nylon. Também foi analisado o tamanho das incisões, o tempo de fechamento da pele e o tempo cirúrgico total. O resultado estético foi avaliado após 40 e 180 dias da cirurgia, por meio da largura média da ferida operatória e por avaliação subjetiva conceitual (ótimo, bom, razoável ou ruim). Resultados: foram incluídas 79 pacientes, sendo 37 no grupo 2-octilcianoacrilato e 42 no grupo de sutura com fio de nylon. O estudo foi interrompido antes do término do recrutamento dos pacientes pela ocorrência de maior número de deiscências no grupo do adesivo (OR: 11,42; IC95%: 1,36-96,02; p=0,007). Em relação às demais complicações analisadas, ao tempo cirúrgico e ao resultado estético no pós-operatório, não se observaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos. A média do tamanho da ferida operatória foi maior no grupo do adesivo em relação ao grupo da sutura, mas não houve correlação entre o tamanho da ferida e o maior número de deiscências. Conclusão: o 2-octilcianoacrilato apresentou maior risco de deiscência em relação à sutura intradérmica, com resultados estéticos equivalentes.
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the safety profile and aesthetic results of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate versus intradermal nylon suture in breast surgeries. Methods: an open-label, randomized, clinical trial evaluating the occurrence of complications, such as dehiscence, hematoma, infection, and allergic reactions after the use of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate or nylon thread. The size of the incisions, skin closure time, and total surgical time were also analyzed. The aesthetic outcome was evaluated at 40 and 180 days after surgery, by means of the average width of the surgical wound and by subjective conceptual assessment (optimal, good, reasonable, or poor). Results: 79 patients were included: 37 in the 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate group and 42 in the nylon suture group. The study was stopped before the end of patient recruitment due to the occurrence of a greater number of dehiscences in the adhesive group (OR: 11.42; 95%CI: 1.36-96.02; p=0.007). Regarding the other analyzed complications, the surgical duration and postoperative aesthetic result, no significant differences were observed between the groups. The mean operative wound size was greater in the adhesive group than in the suture group, but there was no correlation between wound size and the largest number of dehiscences. Conclusion: while the cosmetic outcomes with the two techniques were similar, there was a greater risk of dehiscence with the use of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate compared to intradermal suturing.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Breast Diseases/surgery , Suture Techniques/instrumentation , Cyanoacrylates/therapeutic use , Nylons , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Patient Satisfaction , Surgical Wound , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the possibility of not draining the axilla following axillary dissection. METHODS: The study included 240 breast cancer patients who underwent axillary dissection as part of conservative treatment. The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether or not they were subjected to axillary drainage. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01267552. RESULTS: The median volume of fluid aspirated was significantly lower in the axillary drainage group (0.00 ml; 0.00 - 270.00) compared to the no drain group (522.50 ml; 130.00 - 1148.75). The median number of aspirations performed during conservative breast cancer treatment was significantly lower in the drainage group (0.5; 0.0 - 4.0) compared to the no drain group (5.0; 3.0 - 7.0). The total volume of serous fluid produced (the volume of fluid obtained from drainage added to the volume of aspirated fluid) was similar in the two groups. Regarding complications, two cases (2.4%) of wound dehiscence occurred in the drainage group compared to 13 cases (13.5%) in the group in which drainage was not performed, with this difference being statistically significant. Rates of infection, necrosis and hematoma were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Safety rates were similar in both study groups; hence, axillary dissection can feasibly be performed without drainage. However, more needle aspirations could be required, and there could be more cases of wound dehiscence in patients who do not undergo auxiliary drainage.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Axilla/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a experiência da Liga da Mama da Universidade Federal de Goiás no processo de iniciação científica na graduação e descrever a produção científica entre 2008 e 2015, com a participação direta dos acadêmicos dessa liga. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo que analisou a produção científica dos acadêmicos da Liga da Mama da Universidade Federal de Goiás entre 2008 e 2015. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: apresentações orais ou em pôster, em congressos científicos e estudantis e publicações em periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: Entre 2008 e 2015, aproximadamente 11 0 alunos de graduação participaram de algum projeto científico vinculado à Liga da Mama da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Nesse período, os acadêmicos da liga apresentaram 233 trabalhos em congressos científicos e estudantis, dos quais 196 (84,1%) foram em formato de pôster e 37 (15,9%) na forma de apresentação oral. Ainda, observou-se a publicação de 29 artigos científicos com participação direta de 1 ou mais discentes de graduação vinculados ao projeto. Conclusão: Na Universidade Federal de Goiás, os projetos de iniciação científica da Liga da Mama constituem uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento acadêmico para os discentes de graduação. As ligas acadêmicas, quando orientadas de forma adequada, podem contribuir para a produção científica nacional e a consolidação do currículo acadêmico.
Objective: To describe the experience of Breast League of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, in scientific research process in undergraduate and describe the scientific production between 2008 and 2015, with the direct participation of the students. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study that analyzed the scientific production of Breast League of the Federal University of Goiás between 2008 and 2015. The following variables were analyzed: oral or poster presentations, scientific and student conferences and papers in national and international journals. Results: Between 2008 and 2015, about 110 undergraduate students participated in a scientific project linked to the Breast League of the Federal University of Goiás. During this period, the students of the league had presented 233 works in scientific conferences, of which 196 (84.1%) were in poster format and 37 (15.9%) were oral presentations. There was the publication of 29 scientific papers with direct participation of 1 or more undergraduate students linked to the project. Conclusion: At the Federal University of Goiás, the scientific projects of the Breast League are an academic development opportunity for undergraduate students. The academic leagues, when directed properly, can contribute to the national scientific production and the consolidation of the academic curriculum.
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Abstract Objective: To estimate the coverage of opportunistic mammography screening performed via the Brazilian Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, Unified Health Care System), at the state and regional level, in 2013. Materials and Methods: This was an ecological study in which coverage was estimated by determining the ratio between the number of mammograms performed and the expected number of mammograms among the population of females between 50 and 69 years of age. The number of mammograms performed in the target population was obtained from the Outpatient Database of the Information Technology Department of the SUS. To calculate the expected number of mammograms, we considered 58.9% of the target population, the proportion that would be expected on the basis of the recommendations of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute. Results: In 2013, the estimated national coverage of mammography screening via the SUS was 24.8%. The mammography rate ranged from 12.0% in the northern region to 31.3% in the southern region. When stratified by state, coverage was lowest in the state of Pará and highest in the state of Santa Catarina (7.5% and 35.7%, respectively). Conclusion: The coverage of mammography screening performed via the SUS is low. There is a significant disparity among the Brazilian states (including the Federal District of Brasília) and among regions, being higher in the south/southeast and lower in the north/northeast.
Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a cobertura mamográfica em rastreamento oportunista realizado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil, nas suas regiões e nas Unidades da Federação, no ano de 2013. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo ecológico, em que a estimativa da cobertura foi a proporção entre o número de exames realizados e o número de exames esperados na população feminina na faixa etária de 50 a 69 anos. O número de exames realizados refere-se aos dados da produção mamográfica da população alvo, disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do Departamento de Informática do SUS. Para o cálculo do número de exames esperados considerou-se 58,9% da população alvo, tendo em vista as recomendações do Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Resultados: A estimativa da cobertura mamográfica no rastreamento realizado pelo SUS no Brasil, em 2013, foi 24,8%. A prevalência de mamografias variou de 12,0% na Região Norte a 31,3% na Região Sul. Ao estratificar por Unidades da Federação, a menor cobertura foi no Pará (7,5%) e a maior cobertura foi em Santa Catarina (35,7%). Conclusão: A cobertura mamográfica do SUS no Brasil é baixa. Existe uma desigualdade significativa entre as Unidades da Federação, sendo maior nas regiões Sul e Sudeste e menor nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país.
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OBJETIVO: avaliar os tipos de tratamentos cirúrgicos para o câncer de mama executados pelo Programa de Mastologia do Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HC-UFG). MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte transversal no histórico de operações mamárias realizadas no HC-UFG, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2009. Foram avaliados através do boletim cirúrgico: o tempo e o porte cirúrgicos; o cirurgião responsável, o tipo de operação; o diagnóstico, e o tipo de anestesia. Através dos prontuários foram analisados: o laudo anatomopatológico do tumor, o comprometimento linfonodal, o tamanho do tumor primário, o estadiamento e a realização de terapias neoadjuvantes. Foram excluídas as operações realizadas para a retirada de tumores benignos da mama. A variação temporal foi analisada pela regressão de Poisson, considerando a mudança percentual anual (MPA). RESULTADOS: foram realizadas 403 operações de câncer de mama no período estudado, com uma média de 50,38 operações por ano. O tipo histológico mais frequente foi o carcinoma ductal invasor (72,6%). A média de idade das pacientes foi 52 anos, e 29% encontravam-se com doença nos estádios III e IV. A tendência temporal mostrou que houve aumento significativo do tamanho do tumor (p<0,01), dos estadios clínicos III e IV (p=0,01), e de quimioterapia neoadjuvante (p=0,02). Observou-se aumento de mastectomias (MPA=9 casos/ano, p=0,04). Não houve aumento dos casos de tratamentos com conservação mamária, nem de reconstruções imediatas. CONCLUSÃO: nos últimos anos, no HC-UFG, tem ocorrido aumento do número de mastectomias em decorrência do aumento de casos de câncer de mama locorregional avançado.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the types of surgical treatments for breast cancer performed by the Mastology program of the Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Goiás (HC-UFG). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, cohort study on the breast operations performed at HC-UFG from January 2002 to December 2009. We evaluated the surgical records for: surgical time and size, surgeon, type of operation, diagnosis, and type of anesthesia. The medical charts were researched for: pathology report of the tumor, lymph node involvement, primary tumor size, staging and performance of neoadjuvant therapies. We excluded operations for the removal of benign breast tumors. The temporal variation was analyzed using Poisson regression, considering the annual percentage change (APC). RESULTS: 403 operations were performed for breast cancer during the study period, with an average of 50.38 operations per year. The most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (72.6%). The mean age of patients was 52 years, and 29% had disease in stages III and IV. The temporal trend revealed a significant increase in tumor size (p <0.01), the clinical stages III and IV (p = 0.01) and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.02). There was increase in mastectomies (APC = 9 cases/year, p = .04). There was no increase in cases of breast conservation treatments or of mastectomies with immediate reconstruction. CONCLUSION: In recent years, the HC-UFG has had an increased number of mastectomies as a result of increased incidence of locoregionally advanced breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mastectomy/methods , Mastectomy/trends , Brazil , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, University , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the performance of diagnostic centers in the classification of mammography reports from an opportunistic screening undertaken by the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipality of Goiânia, GO, Brazil in 2010. Materials and Methods The present ecological study analyzed data reported to the Sistema de Informação do Controle do Câncer de Mama (SISMAMA) (Breast Cancer Management Information System) by diagnostic centers involved in the mammographic screening developed by the SUS. Based on the frequency of mammograms per BI-RADS® category and on the limits established for the present study, the authors have calculated the rate of conformity for each diagnostic center. Diagnostic centers with equal rates of conformity were considered as having equal performance. Results Fifteen diagnostic centers performed mammographic studies for SUS and reported 31,198 screening mammograms. The performance of the diagnostic centers concerning BI-RADS classification has demonstrated that none of them was in conformity for all categories, one center presented conformity in five categories, two centers, in four categories, three centers, in three categories, two centers, in two categories, four centers, in one category, and three centers with no conformity. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate unevenness in the diagnostic centers performance in the classification of mammograms reported to SISMAMA from the opportunistic screening undertaken by SUS. .
Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho dos centros de diagnóstico na classificação dos laudos dos exames de mamografia em rastreamento oportunista do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no município de Goiânia, em 2010. Materiais e Métodos Trata-se de estudo ecológico, em que foram analisadas informações reportadas ao Sistema de Informação do Controle do Câncer de Mama (SISMAMA) pelos centros de diagnóstico que realizavam mamografia de rastreamento para o SUS. A partir da frequência de exames por categoria BI-RADS® e os limites estabelecidos para este estudo, foram calculados os percentuais de conformidade de cada centro de diagnóstico. Consideraram-se como centros de desempenho iguais os que apresentaram percentuais de conformidade iguais. Resultados Quinze centros de diagnóstico realizavam mamografia para o SUS, e estes reportaram 31.198 exames de rastreamento. O desempenho dos centros de diagnóstico com relação às categorias BI-RADS mostrou que nenhum centro apresentou conformidade para todas as categorias, um apresentou conformidade em cinco categorias, dois em quatro categorias, três em três categorias, dois em duas categorias, quatro em uma categoria e três não apresentaram conformidade. Conclusão Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que houve desigualdade no desempenho dos centros de diagnóstico no que se refere à classificação dos laudos dos exames de mamografia reportados ao SISMAMA do rastreamento oportunista realizado pelo SUS. .
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Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine and, being very stable and having a long biological half-life, it can be used as a biomarker for tobacco exposure. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical GC-MS technique to measure levels of cotinine in the urine of active and passive smokers and to compare the results with reference values. The extraction of cotinine to generate the calibration curve was performed by mixing urine (250 ?L) with 50 ?L of a cotinine standard, 50 ?L of an internal standard of deuterated cotinine (15μgμmL-1) and 50 μL of 10% NH4OH solution. Next, 2 mL of a mixture of MTBE:dichloromethane:ethyl acetate (30:30:40 by volume) was added and the whole was vortexed, then centrifuged at 3000 rpm. Finally, 1.6 mL of the organic layer was evaporated under a stream of dry air at 50 °C. The resulting extract was dissolved in methanol and injected into the GC-MS system. The LOQ and LOD for cotinine were 100 and 20 ng.mL-1, respectively. The curve was linear over the whole tested range of 100 - 5000 ng.mL-1 and the method achieved 50% recovery. The intra and inter-day precisions were 1.62 ? 7.28% and 0.86 - 2.68%, respectively. Accuracy was determined at three concentrations (low, medium and high), with six replicates (95.24- 97.67%). The validation of this cotinine assay by GC-MS showed that it exhibited satisfactory limits and the assay could be performed with a one-step liquid-liquid extraction. The technique presented here can thus be used for the quantitation of cotinine levels in the urine of passive and active smokers.
A cotinina é o metabólito principal da nicotina, é muito estável e tem uma elevada meia-vida biológica e pode ser usado como biomarcador da exposição ao tabaco. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma técnica analítica em CG-EM para medir os níveis de cotinina na urina de fumantes ativos e passivos e comparar os resultados com valores de referência. A extração da cotinina para construir a curva de calibração foi desenvolvida misturando 250 μL de padrão de cotinina em urina, 50 μL de padrão interno (cotinina deuterada 15 ?g?mL-1) e 50 μL de solução aquosa de NH4OH 10%. Em seguida, 2 mL da mistura MTBE:diclorometano:acetato de etila (30:30:40 v/v) foi adicionada, agitada em vórtex e centrifugada a 3000 rpm. Finalmente, 1,6 mL da camada orgânica foi evaporada sob ar seco a 50 °C. O extrato resultante foi dissolvido em metanol e injetado no sistema CG-EM. Os limites de quantificação e de detecção foram 100 e 20 ng?mL-1, respectivamente. A curva de calibração foi linear no intervalo de concentração testado (100 - 5000 ng?mL-1), com 50% de recuperação. Os valores de precisão intra-dia e inter-dia foram 1,62 ? 7,28% e 0,86 - 2,68%, respectivamente. A exatidão (95,24 - 97,67%) foi determinada sob 3 concentrações (baixa, média e alta), com 6 replicatas. A validação deste procedimento para análise de cotinina por CG-EM demonstrou valores satisfatórios, numa única etapa de extração líquido-líquido, podendo ser utilizada para a quantificação dos níveis de cotinina em amostras de urina de fumantes ativos e passivos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cotinine , Smoking , Urine , Indicators and Reagents/analysisABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that there has been a large increase in breast cancer incidence among young women over the last decade. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of breast cancer among young women up to 39 years of age in Goiânia, between 1988 and 2003, and to compare this with other age groups. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study using the database of the Population-based Cancer Registry of Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. METHODS: The incidence was calculated according to age groups: up to 39 years, 40 to 59 years and 60 years and over. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were estimated for the different age groups using Poisson regression. RESULTS: Over this period, 3,310 new cases were recorded. The standardized incidence was 2.89/100,000 in 1988 and increased to 6.37/100,000 in 2003 (R² = 0.52) for the group aged up to 39 years (p < 0.003). For the group from 40 to 59 years old, the incidence was 14.39/100,000 in 1988 and 41.70/100,000 in 2003 (R² = 0.85; p < 0.001). For the group aged 60 years and over, it was 17.62/100,000 and 28.49/100,000, respectively (R² = 0.67; p < 0.001). The AAPCs were 5.22 percent, 5.53 percent and 4.54 percent for the age groups up to 39, 40 to 59 and 60 years and over, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of breast cancer among young women in Goiânia has been increasing significantly, although this change was similar to the increase in other age groups.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Tem sido sugerido que há um grande aumento na incidência do câncer de mama em mulheres jovens na última década. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a incidência do câncer de mama em mulheres jovens (até 39 anos) em Goiânia, entre 1988 e 2003, comparando com os demais grupos etários. DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo utilizando o banco de dados do Registro de Câncer de Base populacional de Goiânia/Goiás, Brasil. MÉTODOS: As incidências foram calculadas de acordo com os grupos etários: até 39 anos, 40 a 59 anos e, 60 anos acima. A mudança da média percentual anual (MMPA) foi estimada para os diferentes grupos usando a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: No período, foram registrados 3.310 novos casos. A incidência padronizada foi de 2,89/100.000 em 1988 tendo aumentado para 6,37/100.000 em 2003 (R² = 0,52) para o grupo com até 39 anos (p < 0,003). Para o grupo de 40 a 59 anos a incidência foi de 14,39/100.000 em 1988 e de 41,70/100.000 em 2003 (R² = 0,85; p < 0,001); para o grupo de 60 anos e acima foi de 17,62/100.000 e 28,49/100.000, respectivamente (R² = 0,67; p < 0,001). A MMPA foi de 5,22 por cento, 5,53 por cento e 4,54 por cento para os grupos etários de até 39 anos, 40 a 59 e 60 ou mais, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de câncer de mama em mulheres jovens em Goiânia vem aumentando significativamente, entretanto esse aumento é semelhante ao observado nos demais grupos etários.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Comparar o 2-octil cianoacrilato com o fio de "nylon" no fechamento da pele em ratos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco ratos da linhagem Wistar, foram submetidos à incisão de 3 cm de cada lado do abdome. A síntese foi feita utilizando em um dos lados o "nylon" 4.0, pontos intradérmicos, e do outro o 2-octil cianoacrilato. Após sete dias, o fio foi removido e as incisões, analisadas quanto às complicações. Após 40 dias, o resultado da cicatriz foi avaliado. Os ratos foram sacrificados, as cicatrizes foram ressecadas, fixadas e enviadas ao patologista, sem informação sobre qual o método utilizado. RESULTADOS: Houve dois óbitos durante a anestesia e um tardio. O tempo de operação foi de 136 segundos com a cola e 176 segundos, com o "nylon" (P=0,003). Dentre as 50 operações realizadas, as complicações foram: um hematoma com cada método (P=0,80), quinze deiscências da cola contra 11 do "nylon" (P=0,20), sete cicatrizes de aspecto ruim ou razoável da cola contra quatro do "nylon" (P=0,30), três infecções na cola contra duas (P=0,40). Ao exame patológico, a mediana da largura da cicatriz foi de 1.119 micra com a cola e 1.800 com o "nylon" (P=0,40). A espessura foi de 1.795 contra 1.705 micra (P=0,40). CONCLUSÃO: O 2-octil cianoacrilato apresentou o mesmo aspecto cicatricial, a mesma resistência e as mesmas complicações que a sutura com o "nylon" 4.0, porém permitindo redução no tempo cirúrgico.
BACKGROUND: Tissue adhesive 2-octyl cyanoacrylate was developed to have more strength, less inflammatory reaction, and less histotoxicity than its shorter-chain derivates. METHODS: To evaluate the use of 2-octil cyanoacrylate in comparison with "nylon" suture in skin closure of rats. Methods: Twenty-five female Wistar rats were submitted to a 3cm surgical incision in each side of the abdomen. The wound was closed with intradermic suture using "nylon" 4-0 in one side, and 2-octil cyanoacrylate on the other side. After 7 days the thread was removed and the wound was checked for complications. After 40 days the wound aspect was clinically evaluated. The rats were sacrificed; the scars were resected, and sent to the pathologist without the information of which closing method was used. RESULTS: There were 2 deaths during anesthesia or few days after surgery. The mean surgical time was 136 seconds with the adhesive and 176 with "nylon" (P=0.003). The complications were: one hematoma in each method (P=0.8), fifteen wound dehiscence with the adhesive and 11 with "nylon" (P=0.2), seven scars with a bad or fair aspect with adhesive and 4 with "nylon" (P=0.3), three infections with adhesive and 2 with "nylon" 2 (P=0.4). Histological examination showed median scar width of 1.119 micron with the adhesive and 1.800 with "nylon" (P=0.7). The mean thickness was 1.795 in the adhesive group versus 1.705 micron (P=0.7). CONCLUSION: Surgical adhesive showed the same aesthetical results, the same strength, and the same complications as for "nylon" 4.0 sutures, but the adhesive decreased the surgical time.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: comparar a técnica da incisão em duplo círculo (DC) com as técnicas de incisão periareolar (PA) e transareolomamilar (TAM), na correção da ginecomastia. MÉTODOS: foram revisados os prontuários de 34 pacientes com ginecomastia submetidos à correção cirúrgica no Hospital das Clínicas de Goiânia de 1999 a 2004. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com a técnica cirúrgica utilizada. Comparamos as variáveis numéricas paramétricas usando o teste de Tukey. Para as variáveis nominais, foi utilizado o teste do chi2, ou o teste exato de Fisher, quando necessário. Considerou-se significante o p<0,05. RESULTADOS: a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 27,9 (+12,5) anos. Foram operadas 43 mamas: 34 unilaterais (79,1 por cento) e nove (20,9 por cento) bilaterais; 19 (44,2 por cento) pelo DC; 14 (32,6 por cento) com incisão PA; 10 (23,3 por cento) com incisão TAM. A média do tempo de utilização de dreno foi de cinco dias para o DC e um dia para as demais (p<0,01). Foram utilizados drenos de sucção 19 vezes (100 por cento) para o DC e duas vezes (22 por cento) na transareolomamilar. Nas outras, utilizaram-se drenos de Penrose (p<0,01). O tempo cirúrgico foi significativamente maior para o DC (73 minutos) que para a PA (45 minutos) e a TAM (48 minutos). O DC foi utilizado principalmente em ginecomastias mais volumosas (p=0,04). Quanto às complicações foram observados: três casos de hematomas com a TAM (33,3 por cento) e um hematoma (5,3 por cento) com o DC (p<0,01); houve um caso de infecção com a TAM (11,1 por cento); duas necroses parciais do mamilo com a DC (10,5 por cento); quatro (21,1 por cento) cicatrizes alargadas e três (15,8 por cento) cicatrizes hipertróficas com o DC (p=0,04); uma inversão do mamilo com o TAM (2,4 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: a técnica do DC é uma boa opção para correção de ginecomastias volumosas, embora exija maior tempo cirúrgico e apresente mais cicatrizes alargadas.
PURPOSE: to compare the double-circle (DC) technique to other techniques, with periareolar (PA) and transverse nipple-areolar (TNA) incisions, for the surgical correction of gynecomastia. METHODS: we studied the medical files of 34 patients from the Federal University of Goiás, submitted to the surgical correction of gynecomastia, from 1999 to 2004. Patients were divided according to the surgical technique used. The parametric numeric variables were compared by Tukey test. The chi2 or the Fisher's exact test was used for nominal variables. It was considered significant a p value<0.05. RESULTS: the mean age of the patients was 27.9 (+12.5) years. There were 43 gynecomastias, 34 unilateral (79.1 percent) and nine (20.9 percent) bilateral. There were 19 breasts operated (44.2 percent) using DC, 14 (33.6 percent) using PA incision, and 10 (23.3 percent), TNA incision. The mean drain usage was five days for DC and one day for the others (p<0.01). The suction drain was used in 19 cases (100 percent) of DC and two (22 percent) in TNA. The other patients used drains of Penrose (p<0.01). The mean surgical time was significantly larger for DC (73 minutes) than for PA (45 minutes) and for TNA (48 minutes). DC was used mainly in voluminous gynecomastias (p=0.04). The complications consisted in three (33 percent) hematomas in TNA (p<0.01) and one (5 percent) in DC; one (11 percent) infection in TNA; two (10 percent) partial necrosis of the nipple in DC; four (21 percent) enlarged scars in DC (p=0.04); three (16 percent) hypertrofic scars (p=0.08) in DC; one (2 percent) inversion of nipple with TNA. CONCLUSIONS: The DC was used often in voluminous gynecomastias. It was a good and secure operation, although it required a more extensive surgical time and had a larger possibility of distended scars.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Gynecomastia/surgery , Breast/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Plastic Surgery ProceduresABSTRACT
A mamografia é o método mais importante na detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Não obstante, o desconforto e a dor são queixas freqüentes durante o exame. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência de desconforto e de dor durante a mamografia e identificar fatores relacionados com essas queixas. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo incluindo 2.164 pacientes, sendo que 996 previdenciárias e 1.168 da rede privada. Após o exame, a paciente quantificava a dor sentida, de acordo com uma escala linear analógica. O desconforto foi avaliado qualitativamente por análise multivariada. RESULTADOS: O desconforto foi a queixa de 90 por cento das pacientes; dessas 12 por cento referiram desconforto intenso ou intolerável. Apenas 2 por cento do grupo estudado não apresentaram dor durante o exame. Os fatores associados à dor foram: idade da paciente, o uso de anticoncepcional (ACO), mastalgia prévia e pacientes privadas. O desconforto esteve independentemente associado ao centro de realização do exame (OR = 2,50; IC 1,64-5,17) e à mastalgia prévia (OR = 3,15; IC 1,96-7,12). A aceitabilidade de uma futura mamografia foi de 98 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres jovens (< 50 anos), usuárias de ACO, portadoras de mastalgia e provenientes de serviços privados apresentaram maior intensidade de dor e desconforto durante a realização da mamografia.
INTRODUCTION: Mammography is the most important method for early detection of breast cancer, however, patients frequently complain of discomfort and pain. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate how often discomfort and pain are felt during mammography and identify factors that may be associated to these complaints. METHODS: A prospective study including 2,164 patients recruited from public (996) and private (1,168) health services was carried out. After the imaging procedure, patients quantified pain using a linear analogical scale. Discomfort was qualitatively evaluated by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Discomfort was reported by 90 percent of the patients, and of these 12 percent rated the sensation as intense or intolerable. Only 2 percent of the women in the study group did not feel any pain during the procedure. Factors associated to pain were: age, use of birth control methods (BCM), previous mastalgia and patients from the private health sector. Discomfort was independently associated to the service where the procedure was performed (OR = 2.50 IC 1.64-5.17) and to previous mastalgia (OR = 3.15 IC 1.96-7.12). When asked about a repeat mammography, 98 percent of the patients said they would comply. CONCLUSION: Young women (< 50 years), BCM users, mastalgia patients and women who were using the services of a private clinic felt more intense pain and discomfort during mammography.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Mammography/adverse effects , Pain/etiology , Age Factors , Brazil , Contraceptives, Oral/adverse effects , Epidemiologic Methods , Mammography/statistics & numerical data , Pain Measurement , Pressure , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Public Sector/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Modified radical mastectomy is widely utilized in breast cancer treatment. However, no prospective comparison has yet been made between the Madden technique (preservation of the pectoralis minor muscle) and the Patey technique (resection of this muscle). The aim of this work was to compare these two modified radical mastectomy techniques, by analyzing their degrees of difficulty and complications. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized trial at the Breast Unit of Hospital Araújo Jorge, Goiás; and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás. METHODS: 430 patients with breast cancer with an indication for modified radical mastectomy were included in the program, of whom 426 patients were available for analysis (225 allocated to Patey and 201 to Madden). The chi-squared and Student t tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: The patients' demographics were well balanced between the two groups. The mean duration of the surgical procedures was 105 (± 29.9) and 102 minutes (± 33), for the Patey and Madden groups, respectively (p = 0.6). Hospitalization duration was 2.3 days for both groups. The mean number of lymph nodes resected was 20.3 (± 7.6) for Patey and 19.8 (± 8.1) for Madden (p = 0.5). There were no differences in terms of vascular or nerve sections, hematomas or infections. The surgeons reported the same degree of difficulty for the two methods. CONCLUSION: The removal of the pectoralis minor muscle did not influence any of the variables studied. Therefore, either technique can be performed, at the surgeon's discretion.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A mastectomia radical modificada continua a ser amplamente usada para o tratamento de câncer de mama. Porém, até agora, a preservação do músculo peitoral secundário (técnica de Madden) não foi prospectivamente comparada à técnica de Patey. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as duas técnicas de mastectomias radicais modificadas, analisando o grau de dificuldade e as complicações. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo randomizado, realizado na Unidade de Mama do Hospital Araújo Jorge, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil. MÉTODOS: 430 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama com indicação de mastectomia radical modificada foram incluídas no programa. Foram disponíveis para análise 426 pacientes, das quais 225 alocadas no grupo Patey e 201 no grupo Madden. A análise foi feita por intenção de tratamento, usando-se o Qui-quadrado ou o teste t de Student, quando aplicáveis. RESULTADOS: A distribuição das características demográficas pacientes foi semelhante entre os grupos. A duração média da cirurgia foi de 105 minutos (DP ± 29.9) e 102 (DP ± 33) para o grupo Patey e Madden, respectivamente (p = 0,6). O tempo de internação foi de 2,3 dias para ambos os grupos. A média de linfonodos ressecados foi de 20,3 (DP ± 7,6) para Patey e 19,8 (DP ± 8,1) para Madden (p = 0,5). Não houve diferenças entre as complicações vasculares, nervosas, hematomas, infecções, bem quanto à dificuldade relatada pelo cirurgião. CONCLUSÃO: A retirada do músculo pequeno peitoral não influenciou nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. As técnicas de mastectomias radicais modificadas, Patey e Madden, foram semelhantes em todos os critérios observados, podendo ser executadas de acordo com a preferência do cirurgião.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mastectomy, Modified Radical/methods , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Axilla/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Intraoperative Complications , Mastectomy, Modified Radical/standards , Neoplasm Staging , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Este trabalho relata um caso de um carcinoma ductal in situ que se desenvolveu dentro de um fibroadenoma após cinco anos de conduta expectante de um nódulo não-palpável, detectado pela mamografia. Discute-se a raridade do caso, enfatizando a necessidade de um seguimento cuidadoso frente a lesões que estejam sendo acompanhadas clínica ou radiologicamente