Diferenças no arremesso de jogadores de basquete em cadeira de rodas e convencional / Differences of free-throw shot in wheelchair basketball and conventional players

O basquete em cadeira de rodas (BCR) segue praticamente as mesmas regras do basquete convencional (BC). Objetivo: Avaliar a ativação eletromiográfica dos músculos peitoral maior (PM), deltóide anterior (DA) e tríceps braquial (TB) durante o arremesso em atletas de BC e BCR. Método: Estudo transversal, no qual onze sujeitos foram submetidos a uma avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos PM, DA, TB no membro que realiza o arremesso. Foi utilizado um eletromiógrafo de 4 canais (Miotec/Brasil) (2000Hz/canal). Resultados: Na comparação entre os músculos, o grupo BC mostrou diferença significativa, sendo observada maior ativação do músculo DA em relação aos demais, já no grupo BCR, não houve diferença. Na comparação entre os grupos, o músculo PM mostrou maior ativação no grupo BCR, enquanto o músculo DA estava mais ativo no grupo BC. O músculo TB não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados do presente estudo os atletas dos grupos BC e BCR apresentaram diferenças na ativação elétrica durante o movimento do arremesso. Entretanto ambos os grupos ativaram mais o DA, seguido do TB e o músculo menos ativado foi o PM, sendo estas diferenças mais visíveis no grupo BC.

Wheelchair Basketball (WB) follows almost the same rules as Conventional Basketball (CB). Objective: Evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activation of the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during shooting in CB and WB athletes and to verify whether there is any difference in muscle activation between the categories. Method: Comparing two groups in a transversal study, CB and WB, in which eleven individuals submitted to an electromyographic examination, of muscles PM, AD, TB on the extremity that was doing the shooting. We used a 4-channel EMG (Miotec/Brazil) (2000Hz/channel). Results: Comparing the muscles, the CB group showed a significant difference: greater AD muscle activation compared to the others; however in the WB group, no differences were found. When comparing between the groups, the PM muscle showed greater activation in the WB group, while the AD muscle was more active in the CB group. The TB muscle showed no difference between groups. Conclusion: From these results, the athletes from the CB and WB groups showed differences in muscle activation during shooting. However, both groups activated the AD the most, followed by the TB. The least active muscle was the PM, and these differences were more visible in the CB group.

Influência do treinamento excêntrico nas razões de torque de flexores/extensores de joelho / Knee torque ratio after eccentric training

O treinamento excêntrico (Texc) produz adaptações musculares que minimizam a ocorrência de lesões e é usado em reabilitação e treinamento de força, mas pouco se sabe sobre seus efeitos no equilíbrio entre músculos antagonistas do joelho. As razões de torque permitem determinar esses desequilíbrios musculares. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de 12 semanas de Texc nas razões de torque excêntrico (Iexc:Qexc) entre os músculos isquiotibiais (I) e quadríceps (Q). Vinte e quatro sujeitos saudáveis do sexo masculino foram distribuídos nos grupos controle (GC, n=13, idade 27,74,6 anos) e experimental (GE, n=11, idade 28,59,5 anos), submetido ao treinamento. Um dinamômetro isocinético foi utilizado para o Texc (velocidade de -60 º/s) e para as avaliações (uma a cada quatro semanas). As razões de torque medidas foram comparadas estatisticamente entre os grupos e intragrupos entre as avaliações, com nível de significância de 5%. No GE, foi observada redução das razões de torque da avaliação (AV) inicial para as demais: AV1x AV2, p=0,005; AV1x AV3, p=0,001; e AV1x AV4, p<0,001. Na avaliação final, as razões do GE foram menores quando comparadas às do GC (p=0,041). O Texc altera pois o equilíbrio dos músculos flexores e extensores do joelho: doze semanas de Texc levam à redução da razão Iexc:Qexc e ao aumento do torque extensor, sem alteração significativa do torque flexor, podendo ser usado na reabilitação para fortalecimento dos músculos extensores do joelho...

Eccentric training produces skeletal muscle adaptations that help preventing muscle injuries, being often used in rehabilitation and physical fitness programs, but little is known of the effects of this training in the balance between knee antagonistic muscles. Torque ratios allow determining such balance. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a 12-week eccentric training program on the eccentric torque ratio between hamstring and quadriceps muscles (Hecc:Qecc). Twenty-four healthy male subjects were assigned to either a control group (CG, n=13, aged 27.74.6 years) or an experimental group (EG, n=11, aged 28.59.5 years). An isokinetic dinamometer was used (angular velocity -60º/s) for both the eccentric training and the assessments, performed every four weeks. Torque ratios measured were statistically compared between groups and intragroups between assessments, with (significance level set at p<0.05. In EG a reduction in torque ratios was found from the initial assessment (AS1) to the other three ones: AS1x AS2, p=0.005; AS1x AS3, p=0.001; and AS1x AS4, p<0.001. At the last evaluation, EG torque ratios were lower than those of CG’s (p=0.041). Eccentric training hence changes balance between knee flexor and extensor muscles: a 12-week training program leads to lower Hecc:Qecc ratio and to extensor torque increase, with no significant change in flexor torque, being thus suitable for rehabilitation aimed at strengthening knee extensor muscles...

Análise do uso da termografia no acompanhamento de patologias degenerativas da coluna vertebral tratadas com bloqueio anestésico - resultados preliminares / Analyze the use of thermography as an auxiliary technique tto follow up degenerative pathologies of the vertebral spine teated with anesthetic block

The following study hereby is intended to analyse the use of thermography as an auxiliary technique to follow up degenerative pathologies of the Vertebral spine treated with anesthetic block. Six patients showing a disc degeneration diagnosis were studied: four females and to males. Three of these six patients presented a cervical degenerative lesion, and lhe other three revealed a lumbar degeneration. The patients underwent anesthetic blocks in the sinusvertebral nerve, posterior branch, and posterior apophysis infiltrations. In this medical process, bupivacaina 0.5 was used without a constrictor vein, combined with betametasone, with 1.5 mg of betametasone acetate and 1.5 mg ol betametasone dissodical phosphate. Thermography was used in two occasions: before the anesthetic procedure, and 15 minutes after the block. To obtain lhe thermography images, an Agema thermovision 550 system was utilized, with 0.1°C sensibility, emissivity adjustment of 0.98, and focal distance of 1 meter. The results acquired with the thermography technique have made it clear that areas next to the vertebral spine of patients with disc degeneration present regions with different levels of infrared emission, which undergo thermal alterations after lhe anesthetic block has been applied. The conclusion is that the thermography technique procedure may be useful as a suitable method to estimate degenerative pathologies of the vertebral spine treated with anesthetic block