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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; Braz. j. infect. dis;28(2): 103737, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557302

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Understanding the intricate dynamics between different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding variations in clinical outcomes is essential for informed public health decision-making. Comprehensive insights into these fluctuations can guide resource allocation, healthcare policies, and the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to compare the characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 at peak transmission points by including all patients attended during the first four pandemic waves in a referral center in Colombia. Material and methods: In a prospective observational study of 2733 patients, clinical and demographic data were extracted from the Fundacion Valle de Lili's COVID-19 Registry, focusing on ICU admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), length of hospital stay, and mortality. Results: Our analysis unveiled substantial shifts in patient care patterns. Notably, the proportion of patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy and experiencing secondary infections exhibited a pronounced decrease across waves (p < 0.001). Remarkably, there was a significant reduction in ICU admissions (62.83% vs. 51.23% vs. 58.23% vs. 46.70 %, p < 0.001), Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) usage (39.25% vs. 32.22% vs. 31.22% vs. 21.55 %, p < 0.001), and Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) (9 vs. 8 vs. 8 vs. 8 days, p < 0.001) over the successive waves. Surprisingly, hospital mortality remained stable at approximately 18-20 % (p > 0.05). Notably, vaccination coverage with one or more doses surged from 0 % during the initial waves to 66.71 % in the fourth wave. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the critical importance of adapting healthcare strategies to the evolving dynamics of the pandemic. The reduction in ICU admissions, IMV utilization, and LOS, coupled with the rise in vaccination rates, underscores the adaptability of healthcare systems. Hospital mortality's persistence may warrant further exploration of treatment strategies. These insights can inform public health responses, helping policymakers allocate resources effectively and tailor interventions to specific phases of the pandemic.

2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);39(supl.1): 108-116, mayo 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011459

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. La leptospirosis es una infección bacteriana endémica en Colombia. Su curso clínico puede ser variable y, en ocasiones, fatal. Hay pocos estudios en el país sobre los casos graves de esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de leptospirosis grave hospitalizados en salas generales o atendidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de cuarto nivel. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de los pacientes adultos y niños con diagnóstico serológico de leptospirosis entre el 2010 y el 2016. Resultados. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 87 pacientes, 74 % de los cuales correspondía a hombres y, el 84 %, a mayores de 18 años. El 35 % tenía alguna comorbilidad y la hipertensión arterial sistémica (16 %) y la diabetes mellitus (9 %) fueron las más comunes. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre, náuseas, astenia, mialgias, artralgias y dolor abdominal. El 34 % requirió atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con una mediana de estancia de 5 días. El 61 % requirió hospitalización en sala general, con una mediana de estancia de 6 días. Todos los casos recibieron tratamiento antibiótico con ceftriaxona o doxiciclina. La tasa de letalidad fue del 1,1 % (n=1). Conclusiones. La infección por Leptospira spp. tiene el riesgo de diagnosticarse de manera tardía por su presentación clínica inespecífica, lo que implica considerar un gran número de diagnósticos diferenciales. La atención temprana de los pacientes con cuadros graves de esta enfermedad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, puede evitar una mayor incidencia de complicaciones y disminuir la mortalidad.


Abstract Introduction: Leptospirosis is an endemic bacterial infection in Colombia. Its clinical course can be variable and occasionally fatal. There are few studies in the country about severe cases of leptospirosis. Objectives: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of leptospirosis, and their management in a high complexity hospital. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of patients with a serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis between 2010 and 2016. Results: We analyzed 87 patients, 74% of them were men, and 84% were older than 18 years; 35% had a comorbidity, the most common being arterial hypertension (16%) and diabetes mellitus (9%). The most frequent symptoms were fever, nausea, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. The majority of patients required hospitalization in general wards (61%), with a median stay of six days; 34% required management in the intensive care unit, with a median stay of five days. Mortality was 1.1% (n=1). All patients received treatment with either ceftriaxone or doxycycline. Conclusions: There is a risk of leptospira infections having a late diagnosis given their unspecific clinical presentation, which generates a high number of differential diagnoses. The early management in the intensive care unit could decrease the incidence of complications and the mortality of patients with leptospirosis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Urban Population , Disease Reservoirs , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Disease Management , Delayed Diagnosis , Symptom Assessment , Tertiary Care Centers , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology
3.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);36(supl.2): 179-186, ago. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-794029

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Hay pocas series de casos publicadas sobre la prevalencia y el curso clínico del dengue en adultos mayores con síndrome febril, habitantes en zonas endémicas para la infección. Se cree que tales casos presentan una baja prevalencia pero revisten mayor gravedad, y más complicaciones y mortalidad. Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia y el curso clínico del dengue en adultos mayores atendidos por síndrome febril agudo en un hospital de alta complejidad de una zona endémica de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional descriptivo en una cohorte de pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico serológico confirmado de dengue entre el 2011 y el 2014. Resultados. Se evaluaron las historias clínicas de 235 pacientes adultos mayores con cuadro febril agudo y se confirmó la infección en solo 43 (18,3 %) de ellos. La mediana de edad de los pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado fue de 71 años y 48,7 % correspondía a mujeres; 89 % de los pacientes presentaba al menos otra enfermedad concomitante; 51,4 % fue positivo para Ag NS1, 27 % para IgM y 54,1 % para IgG, en tanto que 64,8 % correspondió a infecciones secundarias. Los casos clasificados como dengue fueron 13 (35 %), como dengue con signos de alarma, 16 (43 %), y como dengue grave, 8 (22 %). Se hospitalizó a 56,7 % de los pacientes, de los cuales 21,6 % fue internado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. No hubo casos fatales. Conclusión. La infección por dengue fue frecuente en adultos mayores como causa de síndrome febril agudo. Una importante proporción requirió hospitalización y presentó complicaciones, sin embargo, el manejo adecuado evitó los casos fatales.


Introduction: Little is known about the prevalence and clinical course of dengue infection in elderly patients living in endemic areas; it is presumed that there is a lower prevalence but higher severity, complications and mortality. Objective: To describe the prevalence and clinical course of dengue infection in elderly patients who were admitted to a referral care center for infectious diseases in an endemic region. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational and descriptive study between 2011 and 2014, using a cohort of elderly patients with serological diagnosis of dengue. Results: A total of 235 febrile elderly patients were assessed, of which 43 patients (18.3%) were found to have dengue. The median age was 71 years; 48.7% were female, and 89% of patients had at least one comorbid condition. According to the serological tests, 51.4% of cases were positive for NS1 Ag, 27% for IgM and 54.1% for IgG, while 64.8% were secondary infections. Dengue was diagnosed in 13 patients (35%), dengue with warning signs in 16 cases (43%), and severe dengue in 8 cases (22%). Nearly 56.7% of patients were admitted to hospital and 21.6%, to the intensive care unit. None died. Conclusion: We found dengue infection to be more frequent than expected in this sample of elderly patients, due to acute febrile syndrome. Elderly patients also required higher rate of hospitalization and had more complications, however there were no deaths due to good management.


Subject(s)
Severe Dengue/epidemiology , Aged , Colombia , Fever , Hospitalization , Mortality
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;33(4): 464-467, ago. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830116

ABSTRACT

The recent outbreaks of Chikungunya (CHIK-V) virus in endemic areas of dengue (DEN-V) could increase the risk of co-infection. CHIK infection has been considered not severe and with very unusual mortality, however DEN is associated with severe manifestations and increased mortality. Little is known about coinfection. It is possible that co-infection could generate severe cases. We present a case report of co-infection DEN-V -3 and CHIK-V in an elderly patient who developed acute renal failure, dengue shock syndrome (DSS), progresses to multiple organ failure and died. With the recent emergence of CHIK-V in Colombia, the possibility of co-infection with DEN-V should be suspected, especially in severe cases.


La aparición reciente del virus Chikungunya (CHIK-V) en áreas endémicas de dengue (DEN-V) podría aumentar el riesgo de co-infección. Generalmente, se considera que la infección por CHIK-V es de menor gravedad y mortalidad que DEN-V. Poco se conoce sobre la co-infección de DEN-V y CHIK-V, sin embargo, se ha planteado que la co-infección podría ser de mayor gravedad. Se presenta un caso clínico de co-infección por DENV-3 y CHIK-V en un adulto mayor quien desarrolló falla renal aguda, síndrome de choque del dengue, progresión a disfunción orgánica múltiple y muerte. Con la reciente emergencia de CHIK-V en Colombia, es necesario estar atentos ante la posibilidad de co-infección con DEN-V, en especial en casos graves.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Dengue/epidemiology , Coinfection/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Colombia/epidemiology , Viral Load , Dengue/blood , Dengue/virology , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Coinfection/virology , Chikungunya Fever/blood , Chikungunya Fever/virology , Multiple Organ Failure/virology
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