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Background Most of the studies on grading and classification of occupational health compre-hensive risks for specific employers still remain in the establishment and description of methodology, and practical application studies are rarely reported. Objective To explore the application of an occupational disease hazards comprehensive risk assessment method issued by the National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau in conjunction with the National Health Commission and a self-developed occupational health grading and classification method in petroleum refining enterprises, and to provide practical experience for the implementation of differentiated law enforcement by relevant regulatory authorities. Methods Two occupational health grading and classification methods were practiced in three petroleum refining enterprises in Guangdong Province. The occupational hazards comprehensive risk assessment method was provided by the Notice on Carrying out Pilot Work of Occupational Health Classification Supervision and Law Enforcement of the National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau and the National Health Commission. The principle was to derive the occupational health risk level according to nature of occupational hazards, exposure level, and number of workers exposed to them in an employer, and then to classify them into Class A, Class B, and Class C by combining with local occupational health management status level. The occupational health grading and classification method was self-developed according to available domestic and foreign occupational health risk assessment methods. Its principle was to calculate the risk level of each workstation in an employer based on published carcinogenicity classification or LD50/LC50 of chemical toxicants, level of noise, exposure parameters such as exposure level and exposure frequency, estimate the comprehensive risk Ro of the target employer by the Romanian comprehensive risk calculation method, and then calculate a comprehensive risk Ro' weighted by the occupational health management index of the target employer and classify it into class A, class B, and class C. Finally, assessment results, scope of application, inquired indicators, advantages,disadvantages and professional competence requirements of the two grading and classification methods were compared. Results The occupational hazards that were evaluated in three enterprises in this study were benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, hydrogen sulfide, and noise. The exposure levels of benzene, toluene, xylene, and gasoline were all below 10% OEL (occupational exposure limit), and hydrogen sulfide and noise were disqualified. Occupational hazards such as benzene and hydrogen sulfide were serious occupational hazards in the three enterprises, and the number of workers exposed was 461, 912, and 224, respectively; the HRs (hazard ratings) of benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, hydrogen sulfide, and noise were level 5, 3, 2, 3, 5, and 3 respectively. The occupational health management status of the three enterprises was graded as B, A, and B, respectively by the occupational disease hazards comprehensive risk assessment method. The occupational health management index of the three enterprises was graded as B, A, and A, respectively by the occupational health grading and classification method. The comprehensive risk assessment results showed that two enterprises classified into as the highest class C and one into class B by the occupational disease hazards comprehensive risk assessment method, while all three enterprises were classified into class B by the occupational health grading and classification method. Conclusion The two grading and classification methods are not consistent in the evaluation results of petroleum refining enterprises, and there are differences in the evaluation scope, indicators to be collected, and professionalism. It is recommended that occupational health regulators should fully consider the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods and choose the appropriate assessment method according to the actual regulatory purpose.
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Objective@#To apply the semi-quantitative risk assessment model in the Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace to assess the occupational health risk of electroplating enterprises and explore its applicable conditions and characteristics.@*Methods@#Three electroplating enterprises were selected as the research objects. Occupational hygiene survey and hazard factor detection were conducted on the spot. Three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods were used to assess the risk, and the evaluation results were compared.@*Results@#The consistency between the contact index method and the comprehensive index method was strong. The weighted Kappa value was 0.946 and the P value was less than 0.001, but the consistency between the contact ratio method, the contact index method and the comprehensive index method was poor. The weighted Kappa value was 0.345 and 0.391, and the P value was 0.009 and 0.004, respectively. When the contact concentration is less than 50% OELs, the evaluation results of the contact ratio method are lower than those of the exponential method and the comprehensive exponential method. The consistency of the three methods was the highest when the contact concentration (>50%) and (<OELs). When the contact concentration >OELs, the results of the contact ratio method are higher than those of the index method and the comprehensive index method.@*Conclusion@#Contact ratio method is suitable for occupational health risk assessment under the condition of incomplete occupational health information and for enterprise managers to identify key control points of health risk through self-assessment; Contact index method is suitable for hazard risk assessment of occupational hazards without sampling test conditions or OELs, and pre-assessment of occupational hazards of construction projects without access to analogical test data. The index method is suitable for occupational health risk assessment with available testing data and complete occupational health information.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between occupational stress, psychological capital and depressive symptoms among electronic manufacturing female workers in the Pearl River Delta region.@*Methods@#Using cluster sampling method, 845 female workers from 5 electronic manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region were selected as research subjects from June to August 2017. The Effort Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI) , Psychological Capital questionnaire-24 (PCQ-24) and Patient Health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied to measure the level of occupational stress, psychological capital and depressive symptoms in female workers.@*Results@#Effort (r=0.197, P<0.01) and over commitment (r=-0.260, P<0.01) were positively correlated with the score of depressive symptoms, and the rewards was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-0.211, P<0.01) . The reward and over-commitment for depressive symptoms were accounted for 8.2%. Psychological capital was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, and plays a partly mediating role in the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms of female workers. The psychological capital for depressive symptoms was accounted for 8.7%.@*Conclusion@#Occupational stress can affects the depressive symptoms of electronic manufacturing female workers, or indirectly affect depressive symptoms through psychological capital, reduce occupational stress and improve psychological capital as a way to relieve the depressive symptoms of female workers.
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Objective @#To explore the spatial distribution of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province and to provide evidence for the policy development of occupational disease prevention and control. @*Methods @#A database of occupational disease incidence from 2009 to 2016 in Guangdong Province was built. The distribution of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province was displayed based on the geographic information system（GIS）, then spatial autocorrelation analysis and trend-surface analysis were carried out to explore the clustering areas and spatial epidemic characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province.@* Results @#The number of cases with occupational diseases was 5 231 and was increasing year by year from 2009 to 2016 in Guangdong Province. The high-incidence areas were located in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Foshan and Dongguan. Through global spatial autocorrelation analysis,it was found that there were spatial clustering of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province in each year（P<0.05）,and the cumulative incidence was also clustered（Moran's I=0.492,P<0.05）. The number of cases in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Foshan and Dongguan had local spatial autocorrelation,and the local Moran's I values were 10.329,8.614,3.725 and 9.811,respectively（P<0.05）. The results of trend surface analysis showed that the overall incidence of occupational disease had a slight increase from west to east,and the Pearl River Delta region was a high-incidence area. @*Conclusion @#The incidence of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province had an obvious spatial clustering,the Pearl River Delta region was a high-incidence area.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016.METHODS: Data from Direct Reporting System for Occupational Disease Network in the gem processing industries in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016 were collected and analyzed according to pneumoconiosis disease category, regions, industry and enterprise characteristics.RESULTS: There were 202 new diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases in gem processing industry in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016,which showed a general decline trend after peaking in 2008.Among 202 cases,192 cases( 95.0%) were silicosis,9 cases( 4.5%) were other pneumoconiosis,1 case( 0.5%) was welder pneumoconiosis; 143 cases( 70.8%) were stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis,44 cases( 21.8%) were stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis,15 cases( 7.4%) were stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis; 196 cases( 97.0%)were male and 6 cases( 3.0%) were female.The mean age for diagnosis was( 36.3 ± 0.4) years,and the median dust exposure duration was 9.6 years.There was 86.1% of cases centered at the Pearl River Delta region and 94.6% of cases working in jewelry and related goods manufacture industry,which were more commonly from Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and private own economy enterprises( 94.1%),as well as large and small enterprises( 72.2%).There was 38.2%( 21/55) of the enterprises reporting 2 or more cases,of which 3 enterprises had more than 10 new cases.The job titles of these cases were mainly drilling,cutting,sculpturing and stone cutting.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong showed a decreasing tendency, but there is a potential risk of group onset of pneumoconiosis.The prevention and control procedures for dust hazard should be strengthened in gem processing industries.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influencing factors that cause occupational stress among female workers in a large electronic manufacturing enterprise. METHODS: A total of 1 081 female workers from a large electronic manufacturing enterprise were selected by the cluster random sampling method. The Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire and Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire were used to assess occupational stress and its influencing factors were analyzed.RESULTS: Among 1 081 female workers,70. 95% and 19. 43% of them showed high level of occupational stress of job demand-control( JDC) model and effort-reward imbalance( ERI) model,respectively. Educational level with senior high school and above,assembly line working and exposure to occupational hazards were risk factors for high occupational stress of JDC model in female workers( P < 0. 01). The risk of high occupational stress ERI model in female workers with junior high school educational level and below was higher than that of senior high school educational level and above( P < 0. 01).CONCLUSION: The occupational stress rate of female workers in this electronic manufacturing enterprise is high. The main occupational stress model is JDC model. The main influencing factors of JDC model are educational level,operation mode and status of occupational hazard exposure.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occupational stress status and its influencing factors in workers in labor intensive enterprises.METHODS: Two thousand eight hundred and ninety-four workers from 6 labor intensive enterprises were selected by cluster sampling method.The Occupational Stress Inventory-revised Questionnaire was used to evaluate their occupational stress.The influencing factors of occupational stress reaction were analyzed.RESULTS: Among the 2 894 workers,there were 76.1%,72.6% and 57.8% of workers at moderate levels on occupational stress,stress reaction and lack of coping resources,respectively.There were 17.0%,22.4% and 20.8% of workers at medium or above levels on occupational stress,stress reaction and lack of coping resources,respectively.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the primary influencing factors of occupational stress reaction were role overload,role ambiguity,task conflict,sense of responsibility,working environment,recreation,rational handling,daily working hours,weekly working days and occupational hazards exposure(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Most of the workers in labor intensive enterprises are at a moderate level of occupational stress.Some workers are at high occupational stress level.The occupational stress level,coping resources,working time and occupational hazards exposure can affect of the occupation stress response in these workers.
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Objective To discuss the clinical effect of Penumbra aspiration system combined with Trevo thrombectomy device in treating acute intracranial main artery infarction.Methods The clinical data of a total of 5 patients with acute intracranial main artery infarction,who were treated with ACETM thrombectomy device combined with Trevo visible thrombectomy stent,were retrospectively analyzed.The lesions included anterior circulation infarction (n=2) and posterior circulation infarction (n=3).The mean age of patients was (60.4±11.6) years old.The operation time spent for thrombectomy,the recanalization time of occluded vessels,and the recovery of neural function were assessed.Results The puncture-recanalization intervals in the 5 patients were 29 min,32 min,35 min,33 min and 30 min respectively,with a mean time of (31.8±2.4) min.After intraoperative cerebral infarction thrombolysis treatment,the cerebral blood flow grading reached level 3.NIHSS score was remarkably improved from preoperative (11.0±7.4) points to 24 hpostoperative(4.2±1.1) points,to 7 days-postoperative(1.8±1.3) points,and to 30 days-postoperative (0.9±0.6) points (P＜0.05).Modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was 0-2 points in all patients.No intracranial hemorrhage transformation occurred.Conclusion In treating acute intracranial main artery infarction,ACETM thrombectomy device combined with Trevo visible thrombectomy stent can achieve the best recanalization effect with less times of thrombectomy procedure and short operation time.The clinical prognosis is satisfactory.
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Objective@#To explore the occupational disease spatial distribution characteristics in Guangzhou and Foshan city in 2006-2013 with Geographic Information System and to provide evidence for making control strategy.@*Methods@#The data on occupational disease diagnosis in Guangzhou and Foshan city from 2006 through 2013 were collected and linked to the digital map at administrative county level with Arc GIS12.0 software for spatial analysis.@*Results@#The maps of occupational disease and Moran’s spatial autocor-relation analysis showed that the spatial aggregation existed in Shunde and Nanhai region with Moran’s index 1.727, -0.003. Local Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation analysis pointed out the "positive high incidence re-gion" and the "negative high incidence region" during 2006~2013. Trend analysis showed that the diagnosis case increased slightly then declined from west to east, increase obviously from north to south, declined from? southwest to northeast, high in the middle and low on both sides in northwest-southeast direction.@*Conclusions@#The occupational disease is obviously geographical distribution in Guangzhou and Foshan city. The corresponding prevention measures should be made according to the geographical distribution.