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1.
Arch. inst. pasteur Madag ; 66(1): 12-14, 1998. ilus
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1259499

ABSTRACT

La peste est aujourd'hui considérée par l'OMS comme une maladie résurgente dans le monde. A Madagascar, on assiste à sa recrudescence : 150 à 250 cas par an sont notifiés confirmés ou probables. La peste sévit surtout sur les Hauts-Plateaux où 32 Services de Santé de District sont concernés. Parmi eux, le district d'Antananarivo-ville où 23 cas contrôlés ont été recensés en 1996. Sur les côtes, la maladie a réapparu en 1991, dans la ville portuaire de Mahajanga après 63 années de silence apparent; entre 1991 et 1997, 3 épidémies sont survenues : 180 cas ont été confirmés ou probables de peste. A Antananarivo, la surveillance de la population murine a montré une circulation intense du bacille pesteux. Fait préoccupant, les puces vectrices, Xenopsylla cheopis, récoltées des rats capturés ont montré une résistance aux principales familles d'insecticides dont les pyréthrinoïdes. Cette situation alarmante exige un système d'alerte et de riposte. La mise à disposition d'un test de diagnostic simple, très rapide et sûr aux services sanitaires périphériques devrait améliorer les mesures de riposte devant un cas confirmé de peste


Subject(s)
Madagascar , Plague/epidemiology , Plague/prevention & control , Recurrence
4.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1990 Sep; 21(3): 465-70
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31913

ABSTRACT

In the fall of 1988, 14 Tahitian Wuchereria bancrofti carriers were treated by a single diethylcarbamazine (DEC) 3 mg/kg dose. Determination of blood microfilarial (mf) density was carried out on days 0, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 using the membrane filtration technique. Clinical signs and side effects were noted during the 3 days following treatment. Complete clearance of microfilaremia was observed in two carriers (negativation rate 14%). A decrease of mf density was noted in all of the 14 carriers, ranging from 35.2 to 99.2% (median 78.75%). The percentage decrease in mf density, determined for the whole group from the geometric mean of the 14 mf counts, was 86% by day 7 and reached 95% by day 180. Side effects were observed in 10 patients (71%) of whom 3 only were unable to perform usual activities for less than 24 hours. Though it induced an incomplete initial mf clearance, a single DEC 3 mg/kg dose was effective in reducing about 90% of the microfilaremia and in sustaining this reduction over a period of six months. Such long-term reduction (comparable to that observed in W. bancrofti carriers treated with a daily DEC 6 mg/kg dose during 12 days) is likely responsible for the consistent decrease of total mf counts observed in the Tahitian population which has been treated for years with single DEC doses given every six months.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Diethylcarbamazine/administration & dosage , Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control , Humans , Male , Microfilariae/drug effects , Middle Aged , Polynesia , Wuchereria bancrofti
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