Application of prenatal ultrasound combined with fast MRI in the diagnosis of fetal agenesis of corpus callosum / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the value of combined application of prenatal ultrasound and MRI in diagnosis of fetal agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC).Methods The fetal brain ultrasound and MRI examination were performed in 1 1 7 fetuses with enlarged posterior horn of lateral ventricle and diaphanous diaphragm reduction or disappearance,and compared with postpartum diagnosis.Results Among the 48 cases of postpartum ACC confirmed by MRI,40 cases were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and 45 cases by prenatal MRI,and the sensitivity of the two methods was 83.33%,93.75% respectively(P<0.05).The sensitivity of combined diagnosis was 95.83%. Conclusion Fetal craniocerebral ultrasound combined with MRI can accurately diagnose fetal ACC,especially improve the detection rate of partial corpus callosum deletion,and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis.

Combination of ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of fetal thoracic abnormalities / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To compare and analyze the diagnostic value of prenatal ultrasound and MRI in fetal thoracic abnormalities, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, respectively, and to explore the clinical value of the combined use in diagnosing fetal thoracic abnormalities.Methods The prenatal ultrasound and MRI images of total 94 cases with thoracic abnormalities were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients received MRI exams within 2 days after the preliminary ultrasound diagnosis of abnormalities.All cases were confirmed by autopsy or postnatal follow-ups.Results 94 cases of thoracic abnormalities included 48 cases of cystic adenoma abnormalities, 33 cases of bronchopulmonary sequestration, 10 cases of diaphragmatic hernia and 3 cases of primary pulmonary hypoplasia.The diagnosis coincidence rate of ultrasound was 82.98% (78/94), while the combined use was 93.62% (88/94).There were statistical differences between the combined use and single ultrasound examination in detecting fetal thoracic abnormalities(P<0.05).Conclusion Both ultrasound and MRI could diagnose fetal thoracic abnormalities well and had its own advantages and disadvantages.The combined use of ultrasound and MRI could improve the sensitivity and specificity of prenatal diagnostic accuracy and have a better advantage in diagnosing fetal thoracic abnormalities.

Correlation analysis between mammographic features and different molecular subtypes of breast cancer / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between mammographic findings and different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Methods Totally 84 patients with breast cancer proved pathologically who underwent digital mammography examination before operation were enrolled.All cases were examined by immunohistochemical staining,the expression levels of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor (PR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)in tumor cells were analyzed.They were classified into four molecular subtypes:Luminal A,Luminal B,HER-2 + and Basal-like tumors according to their expression levels.The correlation between mammographic findings and different molecular subtypes of breast cancer were analyzed.Results Among the 84 cases of breast cancer,there were significant differences between mass shadow and mass shape in the four subtypes of tumors(P<0.05).Luminal A,Luminal B breast cancer showed more irregular edge of the tumor;HER-2 + breast cancer with more malignant calcifications,of which simple calcifications of breast cancer were more;Basal-like breast cancer with regular shape,clear border shadow,rarely accompanied by malignant calcifications.Conclusion Mammographic features of breast cancer can predict its molecular subtypes to some extent,which can provide objective basis for the selection of clinical preoperative treatment protocols.

Correlation study between X-ray calcification and expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in breast cancer / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between X-ray calcification and expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in breast cancer.Methods Totally 84 patients with breast cancer proved pathologically who underwent digital mammography examination before operation were collected,and HER-2 of surgical specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining after operation.The correlation between X-ray calcification and HER-2 expression was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate and the negative expression rate of HER-2 were equal in X-ray calcified group.The negative expression rate of HER-2 was higher in the non calcified group (61.54 ％).There were no differences between the calcification type,calcification number and HER-2 expression (P＞0.05).The positive expression rate of HER-2 in calcification range ≥2 cm group was significantly higher than that in calcification range ＜2 cm group (P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of HER-2 in calcification distribution ≥2 quadrants was significantly higher than that in one quadrant group (P ＜0.01).The negative expression rate of HER-2 in cluster-like calcification was higher(61.11 ％) than that in other calcifications.Conclusion There is a certain correlation between X-ray calcification and HER-2 expression in breast cancer,which can provide a clinical reference for surgical approach and prognosis evaluation of breast cancer.

Correlation between Fractional Anisotropy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Effect of Inte- grative Medical Treatment on ALS / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether fractional anisotropy (FA) value could be taken as a quantitative indicator for tracing and reexamining amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to analyze the correlation between FA value and integrative medical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 18 ALS patients were recruited in this study. All patients received diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using 3. OT (Propeller HD) MRI twice. Six regions of interest (ROI) were selected to measure FA values. Survival analyses were performed in 11 cases of end point events.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Three ROI (cerebral peduncle, posterior limb of internal capsule, and corona radiata) all indicated that FA value was the highest in patients with mild health status scale of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS/HSS). (2) There was statistical difference in the means of FA values in cerebral peduncle, posterior limb of internal capsule, and corona radiata of 18 cases between initial examination and reexamination (P < 0.01). (3) Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed the survival rate of ALS patients decreased as time went by, with the median survival time of 48 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FA value was inversely proportional to the severity of ALS, the more severe, the lower FA values. FA value was an objective indicator for assessing the severity of ALS. ALS is an incurable disease till now. Integrative medical treatment might become one direction for ALS patients.</p>

CT and MRI diagnostic value of the congenital inner ear malformation incomplete partition type Ⅱdeformity combined with spontaneous CSF otorrhea / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT)and MRI in the congenital inner ear malformation incomplete partition type Ⅱ deformity(Mondini deformity)combined with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)otorrhea.Methods The imaging data including the multiplanar reformation(MPR)images of HRCT,curved planar reforma-tion(CPR)images and MR hydrography images in three patients complicated with recurrent meningitis were retrospectively ana-lyzed.The anatomic changes of the inner ear and middle ear on the affected side were observed,the clinical and imaging features of this disease were summarized.Results One patient had bilateral incidence of the incompletely separated inner ear,combined with semicircular canal dysplasia and cochlear pipe dilation.Two patients had unilateral onset,one of them had concurrent facial nerve ca-nal dysplasia.Humble stapes floor and the defect of the bottom of the internal auditory canal were seen in all the three patients.Con-clusion HRCT with post-processing technology,and MRI have great significance in the diagnosis of the congenital inner ear malfor-mation incomplete partition type Ⅱ deformity (Mondini deformity)combined with spontaneous CSF otorrhea.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with better prognosis in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 癌症

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with several cancers, but it is not clear whether MS affects the prognosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of MS in TSCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data from 252 patients with TSCC who were initially treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between April 1998 and June 2011 were collected, and the associations between MS and clinicopathologic factors were retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic outcomes were examined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 252 patients, 48 were diagnosed with MS. MS was associated with early N category in TSCC (P < 0.001). The patients with MS showed longer survival than those without MS (P = 0.028). MS was an independent prognostic factor for patients with TSCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MS is associated with early N category in TSCC. It is an independent prognostic factor for better survival in patients with TSCC.</p>

Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway mediated Salidroside induced directional differentiation from mouse mesenchymal stem cells to nerve cells / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecule mechanism of Salidroside inducing directional differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuronal cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mouse multipotent mesenchymal precursor cell line (D1) was taken as the objective. Cultured MSCs were divided into the negative control group (complete culture solution), the positive control group (containing 1 mmol/L β-mercaptoethanol), the Salidroside induced group (20 mg/L Salidroside), and the blocked group (20 ng/ ml DKK1, a special inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway). All cells were inoculated in a 6-well plate (1 x 10(4) cells/cm2) and grouped for 24 h. The expression of p-catenin was detected by fluorescence Immunochemistry in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. The expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), beta 3 class III tubulin (β-tubulin III), nuclear receptor related factor 1 (Nurr1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA, Wnt3a, β-catenin, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein6 (LRP6), Axin mRNA were detected using reverse transcrip- tion PCR (RT-PCR). The expression of β-catenin and NSE protein were analyzed by Western blot in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. Ca2+ chelating agents (EGTA), L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (Nifedpine), and IP3Ks special inhibitor (LY294002) were used to block Ca2+ signal pathway respectively. The expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, Axin, glycogen syn- thase kinase (GSK-3), and β-catenin mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The β-catenin protein expression was analyzed using Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the positive control group, β-catenin protein was strong positively expressed; the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, LRP6, Axin, NSE, β-tubulin III, Nurr1 mRNA, and NSE protein were obviously up-regulated in the Salidroside induced group (P < 0.01). Compared with the positive control group and the Salidroside induced group, β-catenin, NSE, Nurr1, and β-tubulin III mRNA expression decreased; β-catenin and NSE protein expression were also down-regulated in the blocked group (P < 0.01). Compared with the Salidroside induced group, the expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, β-catenin, and Axin mRNA were down-regulated in the Ca2+ signal blocked group and the salidroside induced group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Salidroside affected directional differentia- tion of MSCs into neuronal cells through Wnt/β-catenin and Ca2+ signal pathway.</p>

Applied Value of MR Dynamic Contrast-Enhancement at 3.0T MR Magneton in Diagnosing Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the value of MR dynamic contrast-enhancement in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast at 3.0T MR magneton.Methods 17 cases of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma underwent plain MRI and MR dynamic contrast-enhanced scan using 3.0T MR scanners with dedicated breast coil.All cases were confirmed by surgery and pathology.MRI signal intensity,morphology and hemodynamic characteristics of lesions were analysed.Results 17 breast infiltrating ductal carcinomas in 17 cases all appeared as masses,low(8/17)or equal(9/17)signal intensity on T_1WI,high(14/17)or equal(3/17)signal intensity on T_2WI.On morphology,the lesions were irregular and lobulated in shape(82.4%,14/17);undefinite margins(12/17)or non-smooth margins(15/17),glitch sign or astral sign(7/17);the lesions showed non-uniform marked enhancement(10/17)or ring enhancement(5/17)after intravenous administration of contrast agent.82.4%(14/17)of the lesions,the blood vessels could be seen gathering around the lesions on the maximum intensity projection(MIP)image.On hemodynamics,the early enhanced ratio for all cases was over 90%;88.2%(15/17)of the lesions,peak enhancement was less than three minutes;the time-signal intensity curve of the lesions appeared as type Ⅱ was 35.3%(6/17)and type Ⅲ was 58.8%(10/17)mostly.Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI manifestations of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma are of certain characteristics,which may contribute to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Clinical study of 36 cases with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical characters, management and the prognosis of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively for 36 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus to evaluate the treatment results of different modalities. The contribution of every factors influencing on survival were also analyzed. Survival analysis was performed by life table method, comparison among/between groups was performed using log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 5-year survival rate was 58.33% in all patients, while they were only 75.0% and 42.9% in stage III and stage IV lesions respectively. The 5-year survival rate of 66.7% was obtained in patients who received surgery combined with radiotherapy,71.4% and 12.5% respectively in those treated by surgery and by radiotherapy alone. Multivariate analysis indicated that stage, treatment modality, and the tumour residues in the primary treatment were the predict factors for the prognosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma should be treated by combined surgery and radiotherapy. Stage, treatment approach and short-term therapeutic response are the most important factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.</p>

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the value of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the mainland of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data were extracted from randomized trials comparing chemotherapy plus radiotherapy with radiotherapy alone in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Actuarial rates of survival and distant metastases were calculated. The followed electronic databases were searched the Chinese Biomedicine database, Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane library; Data were extracted by tow reviewers and Review manager 4.1 software was applied for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighteen trials with 1993 patients were include according to the including criterion. The 3-year overall survival rate of the chemoradiotherapy group and the radiotherapy group were 68.47% and 56.38% respectively, and the 5-year overall survival rate of the two groups above were 51.91% and 41.09% respectively, while the distant metastases rate of the chemoradiotherapy group and the radiotherapy group were 26.19% and 38.71% respectively. The result demonstrated that chemoradiotherapy increased overall survival by 12% at 3 years, and 11% at 5 years after treatment. After chemoradiotherapy, the rate of distant metastasis was reduce by 12%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, chemoradiotherapy significantly improves overall survival at 3 years, and 5 years compared with radiotherapy alone.</p>

Effects of acupuncture on the cortical functional areas activated by index finger motion in the patient with ischemic stroke / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of acupuncture on cortical functional areas of the patient with ischemic stroke activated by the index finger motion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cortical magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were carried out in 15 cases of ischemic stroke during the index finger motion at acupuncture or non-acupuncture. The distribution of the cortical functional areas activated and the size of the activated region and the intension of signals were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The finger motion with no acupuncture could activate the contralateral primary somatomotor area (M1), contralateral premotor area (PMA) and contralateral first somatosensory area (S1). The finger motion with acupuncture could activate the same areas and also activate ipsilateral M1, focus area contralateral superior parietal lobule, contralateral superior temporal gyrus, and contralateral insular lobe, etc.. Both the area of the activated region and the minimum signal in the finger motion with acupuncture were statistically significantly larger than those in finger motion with no acupuncture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rehabilitation of motor functions of the patient with ischemic stroke by acupuncture is related with improvement of blood circulation functional area in the cortex.</p>

Value of elective neck dissection in patients with clinically stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the value of elective neck dissection in patients with clinically stage I (cT1N0M0) squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a retrospective study of patients with surgical treatment between November 1984 and November 1999. A total of 130 patients were included in the study, all of whom received operation of the primary site, meanwhile, 99 of whom underwent elective neck dissection simultaneously including level I -III or level I -IV neck dissection in 20 patients and level I - V neck dissection in 79 patients. Results Among all these patients, the rate of occult metastasis to the neck were 12. 0%. Local failure rate in patients with only local treatment, level I II, II, III/IV neck dissection and level I - V neck dissection were 25. 8%, 15. 0% and 7. 6% respectively. There were significant difference in regional failure between patients with only local treatment and patients with elective neck dissection (P < 0.05). Also, no significant differences were noted in the survival rate between patients with only local treatment, elective neck dissection (level I -III or level I -IV) and level I -V neck dissection (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Elective neck dissection significantly reduced regional control failure but was not able to reduce distant metastasis or increase the overall survival. A prospective randomized study is worthwhile to further evaluate the benefit of elective neck dissection in the treatment of clinically stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.</p>

A sequence investigation on Wallerian degeneration after pontine infarction with diffusion tensor imaging / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the Wallerian degeneration of neural fiber tract in medulla and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle following pontine infarction and to explore its impacts on neurological recovery.Methods Fourteen patients with a recent unilateral pontine infarct underwent the diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and evaluations with the NIH stroke scale(NIHSS),the Fugl-Meyer motor scale(FM), ataxia rating scale(ARS)and the Barthel index(BI)at the first week(W1),the fourth(W4)and twelfth week(W12)respectively.Mean diffusivity(MD)and fractional anisotropy(FA)were measured at pons, medulla and middle cerebellar peduncle.Fourteenth age and gender matched volunteers underwent a DTI were studied as controls.Results Compared with the matched regions in controls,the FA values of infarct side medulla and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle in patients significantly decreased at W1,W4 and W12(on the infarct side of medulla:W1:0.43?0.01;W4:0.37?0.02;W12:0.30?0.02;on the infarct side of middle cerebellar peduncle:W1:0.50?0.01;W4:0.43?0.02;W12:0.35?0.04;on the opposite side of middle cerebellar peduncle infarction:W1:0.54?0.02;W4:0.52?0.03;W12:0.47?0.04,t values are 1.92 to 28.56,P0.05 respectively).The absolute value of percent reduction of FA in infarct side medulla and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle was correlated negatively to the absolute value of percent change of NIHSS and BI score(P

Comparative study of barium enema, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the diagnostic value of barium enema (BE), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in primary colorectal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 64 patients with suspected colorectal carcinoma received BE (n=39), spiral CT (n=31) and MRI (n=42). The detective results were compared with the surgical results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 64 patients, 54 cases were pathologically proved as colorectal carcinoma. The diagnostic sensitivity of BE,CT and MRI was 96.9% ,96.2% and 97.1% ,and the overall accuracy was 92.3% 83.9 % and 90.5% respectively. The overall accuracy of CT and MRI for tumor T staging was 73.1% and 82.9% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BE can be considered as a primary approach for diagnosing colorectal carcinoma, CT and MRI be necessary diagnostic approaches. Combined BE with MRI is the best choice for diagnosing of colorectal carcinoma.</p>

Appearance of HR-MR imaging of non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the orbits in extraconal compartment / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate HR-MR imaging characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of the orbits in extraconal compartment. Methods The HR-MR images of 16 patients with NHL of the orbits identified pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. MRI of the orbit at a 1.5 T scanner was performed with 4-cm surface coil, thin slice, suitable bandwidth, small FOV, and large matrix. T1-weighted (before and after i.v. bolus injection of contrast medium) and fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequences were acquired in all patients. All cases were performed with fat suppression techniques. The analyzed criteria of imaging appearance included location, number, size, shape, margins, extension, adjacent structures, and signal intensity of the lesions. Results The lesions in 13 of 16 cases located in anterior part of extraconal compartment, posterior to the orbital septum, and with irregular cast shape. The other 3 patients showed diffuse lesions with infiltration in extraconal compartment and with irregular shape. Eleven lesions had the large volume above 3.0 ml, 4 lesions with medium volume ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 ml, and only one with small volume less than 1.0 ml. 13 cases had a poor-defined margin with infiltration of extraocular muscles, but without mechanical shift of the muscles. 7 patients had infiltration of eyeball, but only 3 cases with exophthalmos. Destruction of orbital bone was evident in 2 cases with diffuse lesions but never in isolated orbital lymphoma. On the T_1-weighted images, the signal intensity of the lymphoma was isointense compared with that of the muscle in all patients. The T_2-weighted fast SE images showed a hyperintense signal in 13 cases and intermediate in 3 cases. All lesions enhanced after intravenous Gd-DTPA administration, 15 cases with homogeneous enhancement, and 10 cases with reliably visible enhancement in the T_1-weighted fat-suppressed sequences. Conclusion Most NHL of the orbits in extraconal compartment have the characteristic findings on HR-MR imaging, including anterior part of extraconal compartment location, posterior to the orbital septum, irregular cast shape, large volume, poor-defined margin with infiltration but without mechanical shift of extraocular muscles, uniform signal characteristics and marked enhancement after injection of contrast medium, and without bony destruction in isolated orbital lymphoma. The understanding of HR-MRI features of orbital NHL in extraconal compartment is very useful for making the differential diagnosis with other orbital diseases.

The Diagnostic Efficacy of SPIO in Patients with Known Liver Lesions / 实用放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SPIO in known liver lesions.Methods:30 patients with known liver lesion were underwent MRI.The contrast noise rate(CNR)of lesion to liver and the relative enhancement rate(RE)of liver were measured at 10、30、45、70 min and 16 hour after SPIO was injected.The dynamic curve of signal-noise were made and analysed.Results:The study shown that the hepatic parenchyma had a significantly negative enhancement in T 2 weight of SE and GRE sequence.However,the signal intensity showed few changes in hepatic metastases and only a little positive or negative enhancement in angioma、HCC and FNH.Conclusion:SPIO,as a negative contrast media for liver,has a significantly efficacy to show liver lesions,and as liver lesion-specific contrast MR agent,is worth being explored. [