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ObjectiveTo construct traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnostic scale of turbid toxin syndrome in order to provide corresponding reference for the standardization of TCM syndromes and studies. MethodsWe systematically searched the Chinese Medical Dictionary （CMD）， China Knowledge Network （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform （WF） and VIP database for TCM classics and modern literature on turbid toxin syndrome， and initially screened the four diagnosis information of turbid toxin syndrome， established a pool of information entries， and conducted a cross-sectional clinical survey. Discrete trend method， correlation coefficient method， Cronbach's coefficient method， and factor analysis method were applied to objectively screen the entries. The diagnostic scale of turbid toxin syndrome were constructed through three rounds of Delphi method expert survey to determine the scale entries， using hierarchical analysis to get the judgement matrix scores and relative weight of each entry， after passing consistency test and then isometric expansion of the relative weight of the entries to get the weight of each entry and assign the value. ResultsA total of 35 articles were included， 45 entries were obtained after the initial screening. After the clinical investigation， 12 entries were not suitable by the discrete trend method， 23 entries not suitable by correlation coefficient method， 13 entries by the internal consistency screening were removed with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient rising， and 10 entries not suitable by the factor analysis method. Twenty-two entries were retained after objective screening by the combined use of the four statistical methods. The positive coefficients of experts in the three rounds of Delphi method of expert consultation were 96.67%， the coefficients of expert authority were 0.834， 0.856， and 0.867， and the coefficients of co-ordination were 0.126， 0.326， and 0.312， respectively. After consulting with clinical experts， and three rounds of Delphi method survey and hierarchical analysis method weight assignment， the diagnostic scale entries of turbid toxin syndrome were finally established. Primary symptoms： dark red or purple and dusky tongue， yellowish greasy or dry coating （10 points）； sticky and unpleasant stools （8 points）； disharmony of tastes including halitosis， sticky and greasy taste in the mouth， dry mouth and bitter taste in the mouth （6 points）； unfavourable or yellowish or red urination （5 points）； and dark complexion （4 points）. Secondary symptoms： heavy body （3 points）； dizziness （3 points）； profuse， sticky， foul-smelling secretions （2 points）； wiry and slippery， or slippery， or slippery and rapid pulse （2 points）； feeling of hardness in the abdomen （1 point）. ConclusionUsing Delphi method combined with the hierarchical analysis method， combining qualitative and quantitative study， a diagnostic scale of turbid toxin syndrome was initially developed.
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Sepsis-induced liver injury (SILI) is an important cause of septicemia deaths. BaWeiBaiDuSan (BWBDS) was extracted from a formula of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Lilium brownie F. E. Brown ex Miellez var. viridulum Baker, Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Amygdalus Communis Vas, Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC., and Cortex Phelloderdri. Herein, we investigated whether the BWBDS treatment could reverse SILI by the mechanism of modulating gut microbiota. BWBDS protected mice against SILI, which was associated with promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and enhancing intestinal integrity. BWBDS selectively promoted the growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) in cecal ligation and puncture treated mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment indicated that gut bacteria correlated with sepsis and was required for BWBDS anti-sepsis effects. Notably, L. johnsonii significantly reduced SILI by promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity, increasing interleukin-10+ M2 macrophage production and enhancing intestinal integrity. Furthermore, heat inactivation L. johnsonii (HI-L. johnsonii) treatment promoted macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and alleviated SILI. Our findings revealed BWBDS and gut microbiota L. johnsonii as novel prebiotic and probiotic that may be used to treat SILI. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via L. johnsonii-dependent immune regulation and interleukin-10+ M2 macrophage production.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment, with the predominant clinical diagnosis of spatial working memory (SWM) deficiency, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. However, the current pharmacological therapies have unsatisfactory cure rates and other problems, so non-pharmacological physical therapies have gradually received widespread attention. Recently, a novel treatment using 40 Hz light flicker stimulation (40 Hz-LFS) to rescue the cognitive function of model animals with AD has made initial progress, but the neurophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this paper will explore the potential neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of SWM by 40 Hz-LFS based on cross-frequency coupling (CFC). Ten adult Wistar rats were first subjected to acute LFS at frequencies of 20, 40, and 60 Hz. The entrainment effect of LFS with different frequency on neural oscillations in the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was analyzed. The results showed that acute 40 Hz-LFS was able to develop strong entrainment and significantly modulate the oscillation power of the low-frequency gamma (lγ) rhythms. The rats were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 5 rats each for a long-term 40 Hz-LFS (7 d). Their SWM function was assessed by a T-maze task, and the CFC changes in the HPC-mPFC circuit were analyzed by phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). The results showed that the behavioral performance of the experimental group was improved and the PAC of θ-lγ rhythm was enhanced, and the difference was statistically significant. The results of this paper suggested that the long-term 40 Hz-LFS effectively improved SWM function in rats, which may be attributed to its enhanced communication of different rhythmic oscillations in the relevant neural circuits. It is expected that the study in this paper will build a foundation for further research on the mechanism of 40 Hz-LFS to improve cognitive function and promote its clinical application in the future.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Rats , Animals , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Hippocampus , Prefrontal CortexABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.016.].
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Mental fatigue is a subjective fatigue state caused by long-term brain activity, which is the core of health problems among brainworkers. However, its influence on the process of brain information transmission integration is not clear. In this paper, phase amplitude coupling (PAC) between theta and gamma rhythm was used to study the electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded before and after mental fatigue, so as to explain the effect of mental fatigue on brain information transmission mechanism. The experiment used a 4-hour professional English reading to induce brain fatigue. EEG signals of 14 male undergraduate volunteers before and after mental fatigue were recorded by Neuroscan EEG system. Phase amplitude coupling value was calculated and analyzed. test was used to compare the results between two states. The results showed that theta phase of more than 90% of the electrodes in the whole brain area jointly modulated gamma amplitude of the right central area and the right parietal area, and the coupling effect among different brain regions significantly decreased ( < 0.05) when participants had felt mental fatigue. This paper shows that phase amplitude coupling can explain the influence of mental fatigue on information transmission mechanism. It could be an important indicator for mental fatigue detection. On the other hand, the results also provide a new measure to evaluate the effect of neuromodulation in relieving mental fatigue.
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Objective To explore the correlation between TOP2A gene expression and TCM constitutional types of patients with triple-negative breast cancer.Methods The questionnaire for constitution of Chinese medicine was used to identify the TCM constitutional types of 71 patients with triple-negative breast cancer and TOP2A gene alterations were quantified by real-time PCR. 2-ΔΔCt was used to analyze the expressions of each group. SPSS17.0 was employed to analyze the correlation between TOP2A gene amplification and TCM constitutional types.Results Totally 71 patients were divided into general type (0 case), Qi deficiency type (18 cases), Yang deficiency type (10 cases), Yin deficiency type (12 cases), Qi stagnancy type (7 cases), blood stasis type (10 cases), phlegm wet calculus type (8 cases), damp-heat type (6 cases), and special type (0 case). All of them were biased constitutional types, of which Qi deficiency constitution (25.35%), Yin deficiency constitution (16.90%), blood stasis constitution (14.08%) took the majority. TOP2A gene amplification was negative correlated with each constitutional type (P<0.05).Conclusion Biased constitutional types were the main types of TCM constitutional type of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. The main three biased constitutional types of triple-negative breast cancer were Qi deficiency constitution, Yin deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution. TOP2A gene expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer was normal or less expressed, which predicted low chemotherapy sensitivity and poor prognosis.