ABSTRACT
Unclaimed corpses were for many years the supply of human material for the study of human anatomy. However, due to improved quality of life and technology, there has been the surround these. Faced with these circumstances, and the impossibility of total replacement of this material by others in training future professionals and the endless dissection technique, the Donation Voluntary Bodies for Anatomical Study is presented as an alternative to capture corpses or who wish to donate your body or part of it to research institutions and scientific study, without obtaining any pecuniary gain. Thus, the present study aimed to gather information about the knowledge and belief of the population of anatomists and freshmen, on the subject; obtain information on the importance of discipline and dissection for professional practice and reliability of the general population, and develop Donation Program Voluntary Bodies for Anatomical Study (pdvcea) for University of São Paulo (DA-ICB/USP). Regarding the importance of dissection for vocational training is considered, for the general population, such as reliability factor in professional medical surgeon, the possibility of donating Bodies is not unknown to the majority of the population studied, which do not necessarily set in potential donors. The pdvcea is created, institutionalized, but still in the process of acquiring gravesite tributes to the institution; dependent for its dissemination, clarification and placement in mass media, to decrease the time of drafting the seat of death, without financial loss to the relatives of the donors.
Los cadáveres no reclamados fueron durante muchos años la fuente de material humano para el estudio de la anatomía humana. Sin embargo, debido a la mejora de la calidad de vida y la tecnología, ha habido una disminución de éstos. Frente a estas circunstancias, y la imposibilidad de la total sustitución de este material por otros en la formación de futuros profesionales y de la técnica de la disección, la donación voluntaria de cuerpos para el estudio anatómico se presenta como una alternativa a los cadáveres no reclamados o quienes desean donar su cuerpo o parte de este a instituciones de investigación y estudio científico, sin obtener ningún beneficio pecuniario. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo reunir información sobre el conocimiento y la creencia que tiene los anatomistas y estudiantes de primer año, sobre el tema; De esta manera se pretende obtener información sobre la importancia de la disciplina y la disección para la práctica profesional y la confiabilidad de la población en general, y desarrollar el Programa de Donación Voluntaria de Cuerpos para Estudio Anatómico (pdvcea) para la Universidad de São Paulo (DA-ICB / USP). Respecto a la importancia de la disección para la formación profesional se considera, para la población en general, como el factor de fiabilidad en el profesional médico cirujano, la posibilidad de donar órganos no es desconocida para la mayoría de la población estudiada, que no necesariamente se establece en donantes potenciales. El pdvcea fue creado e institucionalizado, pero todavía está en proceso de adquirir recursos para la institución; dependiente para su difusión, aclaración y colocación en los medios de comunicación, para disminuir el tiempo de redacción de la causa de muerte, sin pérdida económica para los familiares de los donantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomy , Human Body , Tissue and Organ Procurement/methods , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
The mandible condylar process cartilage (CP) of Wistar rats is a secondary cartilage and acts as a mandibular growth site. This phenomenon depends on adequate proteins intake and hormone actions, including insulin. Objectives The present study evaluated the morphological aspects and the expression of the insulin receptor (IR) in the cartilage of the condylar process (CP) of rats subjected to protein undernourishment. Material and Methods The nourished group received a 20% casein diet, while the undernourished group (U) received a 5% casein diet. The re-nourished groups, R and RR, were used to assess the effects of re-nutrition during puberty and adulthood, respectively. CPs were processed and stained with picro-sirius red, safranin-O and azocarmine. Scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were also performed. Results The area of the CP cartilage and the number of cells in the chondroblastic layer decreased in the U group, as did the thickness of the CP layer in the joint and hypertrophic layer. Renourishment during the pubertal stage, but not during the adult phase, restored these parameters. The cell number was restored when re-nutrition occurred in the pubertal stage, but not in the adult phase. The extracellular matrix also decreased in the U group, but was restored by re-nutrition during the pubertal stage and further increased in the adult phase. IR expression was observed in all CPs, being higher in the chondroblastic and hypertrophic cartilage layers. The lowest expression was found in the U and RR groups. Conclusions Protein malnutrition altered the cellularity, the area, and the fibrous cartilage complex, as well as the expression of the IRs. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism , /metabolism , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/metabolism , Piroxicam/analogs & derivatives , Thiazines/metabolism , Thiazoles/metabolism , Amino Acid Substitution , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Arginine/chemistry , Arginine/genetics , Arginine/metabolism , Binding Sites , Catalytic Domain , Cyclooxygenase 1/chemistry , Cyclooxygenase 1/genetics , /chemistry , /genetics , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/chemistry , Hydrogen Bonding , Leucine/chemistry , Leucine/genetics , Leucine/metabolism , Mutation , Piroxicam/chemistry , Piroxicam/metabolism , Protein Structure, Secondary , Serine/chemistry , Serine/genetics , Serine/metabolism , Thiazines/chemistry , Thiazoles/chemistry , Tyrosine/chemistry , Tyrosine/genetics , Tyrosine/metabolism , WaterABSTRACT
The study of stem cells has evolved rapidly in recent decades. The importance is given to the concept that these cells are potentially able to become any cell type and have the power of self-renewal throughout the life of the organism. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various organs of the body such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, synovium, muscle and dermis, deciduous teeth, umbilical cord, placenta, liver, spleen and thymus. After their isolation in vitro, mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into various mesenchymal lineages and various tissues after the use of appropriate cultures. Studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue have the potential to differentiate themselves, like the cells commonly studied bone marrow. Adipose tissue is attractive due to its easy access, rapid expansion in vitro and only one collects the large amount of tissue. This review intends to show the protocols for isolation, cell culture and means of commercial cellular differentiation most widely used with emphasis on adipose tissue.