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Objetivo. Evaluar tres técnicas para el manejo de conducta: Desensibilización Sistemática (DS), Método Treament and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handi-capped Children (TEACCH) y la técnica Decir, Mostrar, Hacer (DMH), durante la atención dental a personas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Métodos. Participaron 18 personas del Noreste de México con diagnóstico de TEA, con un rango de 13 a 15 años divididos en tres grupos según la técnica TEACCH, DS y DMH con seis personas por grupo. A los participantes se les realizó una profilaxis dental empleando la técnica de manejo de conducta y comunicación según el grupo, la conducta se evaluó usando las escalas Frankl Ìs Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS) y Comfort Behavior Scale (CBS). Se usaron las pruebas Chi cuadrado, ANOVA y t de Student para comparar los resultados. Resultados. La conducta evaluada con la escala de Frankl, fue definitivamente positiva en los grupos TEACCH (33,3%) y DS (16,7%). Conducta positiva semejante en los tres grupos (66,7%). Conducta negativa semejante en DS y DMH (16,7%). Conducta definitivamente negativa solo en el grupo DMH (16,7%). En la escala CBS, solo el grupo DMH presentó aumento del tono muscular (p= 0,013) y tensión facial no sostenida (p= 0,001), al compararlo con TEACCH y DS. Conclusiones. Las tres tecnicas utilizadas son efectivas para el manejo de conducta de las personas con TEA durante el tratamiento dental, sin embargo en la técnica DMH se observó conducta definitivamente negativa y respuesta corporal-conductual que refleja tensión emocional.
Objective. Evaluate three behavior management techniques: Systematic Desensitization (SD), the Treament and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) and Tell, Show, Do (TSD) Method, during dental care for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods. Eighteen people from Northeast Mexico diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder participated, with a range of 13 to 15 years, divided in to three groups, according to the TEACCH, SD and TSD technique with six participants per group. A dental prophylaxis was performed on the participants, using the behavior management and communication technique according to the group, the behavior was evaluated using the Frankl's behavior rating scale (FBRS) and Comfort Behavior Scale (CBS). Chi square, ANOVA and Student's t tests were used to compare the results. Results. Behavior evaluated with Frankl scale was definitely positive in TE-ACCH (33.3%) and DS (16.7%) groups. Similar positive behavior in the three groups (66,7%). Similar negative behavior in DS and DMH (16.7%). Definitively negative behavior only in the DMH group (16.7%). With CBS scale, only the DMH group presented increased muscle tone (p= 0.013) and evident not sustained tension in some facial muscles (p= 0.001), when compared with TEACCH and DS by ANOVA analysis. Conclusions. The three techniques evaluated are effective for managing behavior of people with ASD during dental treatment, however, in DMH technique, definitely negative behavior and a corporal-behavioral response were observed, reflecting emotional stress.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a disorder linked to the chromosome X long arm (Xq27.3), which is identified by a constriction named fragile site. It determines various changes, such as behavioral or emotional problems, learning difficulties, and intellectual disabilities. Craniofacial abnormalities such as elongated and narrow face, prominent forehead, broad nose, large and prominent ear pavilions, strabismus, and myopia are frequent characteristics. Regarding the oral aspects, deep and high-arched palate, mandibular prognathism, and malocclusion are also observed. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental radiographic characteristics as described in 40 records of patients with panoramic radiography. Material and Methods: The patients were in the range of 6–17 years old, and were divided into two groups (20 subjects who were compatible with the normality standard and 20 individuals diagnosed with the FXS), which were matched for gender and age. Analysis of the panoramic radiographic examination involved the evaluation of dental mineralization stage, mandibular angle size, and presence of dental anomalies in both deciduous and permanent dentitions. Results: The results of radiographic evaluation demonstrated that the chronology of tooth eruption of all third and second lower molars is anticipated in individuals with FXS (p<0.05). In this group, supernumerary deciduous teeth (2.83%), giroversion of permanent teeth (2.31%), and partial anodontia (1.82%) were the most frequent dental anomalies. In addition, an increase was observed in the mandibular angle size in the FXS group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that knowledge of dental radiographic changes is of great importance for dental surgeons to plan the treatment of these individuals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Tooth Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Panoramic/methods , Fragile X Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Abnormalities/pathology , Tooth, Deciduous/abnormalities , Tooth, Deciduous/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Eruption , Tooth, Unerupted/diagnostic imaging , Dental Records , Age Factors , Dentition, Permanent , Fragile X Syndrome/pathology , Mandible/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective: This in vivo experimental study evaluated the effect of methotrexate on the oral mucosa of mice. Methodology: A total of 28 adult BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into a control and an experimental group. Mice in the experimental group were immuno-suppressed with 2.5 mg/kg of methotrexate for three consecutive days. One mouse from each group was sacrificed each day for 10 days. Samples from ventral mucosal tongue surface were collected and prepared for histomorphometric analysis, by staining with hema-toxylin/eosin. Three microscopic s per section were analyzed, in order to evaluate the mean epithelial cells layer thickness and counting of blood vessels. To eva-luate the existence of inflammatory infiltration, values of 0 and 1 were used for absence or presence, respec-tively. Results: The results showed that the treatment did not induce clinical signs of mucositis in the ventral mucosal tongue region. The histological examination showed that the mean number of blood vessels was si-milar in control and experimental samples (p < 0.001), and that there was absence of inflammatory infiltration. However, the thickness of the epithelial cell layer of experimental samples was significantly lower than in control samples. Conclusion: This study showed that, in the mouse model, methotrexate-induced mucositis histological result in manifestations in the ventral tongue region.
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Objetivo: Desenvolver um programa de prevenção e motivação odontológica para deficientes visuais, utilizando materiais lúdico-pedagógicos. Além disso, buscou comparar a eficácia do mesmo através do índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHOS) e do índice gengival (IG), em um grupo de cegos (grupo experimental) e portadores de visão subnormal (grupo controle). Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados 15 indivíduos com deficiência visual da Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Deficientes Visuais (APADEV), de Caxias do Sul/RS, de ambos os sexos e idades entre 13 e 49 anos. Foram divididos em dois grupos: cegos(grupo experimental) e portadores de visão subnormal (grupo controle). Durante seis encontros (inicial, 15, 45, 75, 105 e 120 dias), todos os participantes receberam as mesmas informações e participaram das mesmas atividades conduzidas pelo mesmo examinador (kappa=0,86). Após cada atividade realizava-se o IG e IHOS. Os dados foram avaliados considerando-se o nível de significância de 5% e utilizando-se os testes de Friedman e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Em relação ao IHOS, houve diminuição do índice com diferença significativa para o grupo controle durante os momentos de 15 a 105 dias (p<0,01), o que não ocorreu como grupo experimental (p=0,77). Na avaliação do IG, observou-se diminuição do índice ao longo de todo o período no grupo controle (p<0,01). No grupo com deficiência visual o IG diminuiu entre 75 e 105 dias. Para o IHOS não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com visão subnormal apresentaram um efeito melhor (IG e IHOS) após o programa quando comparados com os indivíduos cegos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dental Care for Disabled/trends , Visually Impaired Persons/rehabilitation , Dental Plaque/therapy , Oral Hygiene , MotivationABSTRACT
Inttrodução - As escovas dentais, depois de utilizadas tornam-se contaminadas por diferentes microrganismos, promovendo a disseminação destes na cavidade bucal e no ambiente. Material e Métodos - O estudo teve por objetivo comparar a contaminação das escovas dentais apóstrinta dias de uso em 36 crianças, livres de cárie, com 7 a 10 anos, ambos os sexos, sendo 18 crianças autistas (Grupo 1) e 18 crianças não portadoras de necessidades especiais (Grupo 2). Cada criança recebeu uma nova escova para ser utilizada apenas na escola; após 30 dias as escovas foram recolhidas para análise microbiológica. A escovação das crianças do Grupo 1 era supervisionada pelo cuidador, e no Grupo 2 não havia supervisão. As cabeças das escovas foram introduzidas em tubos de ensaio contendo 10 mL de solução fisiológica, homogeneizadas e a suspensão obtida foi diluída até 10-³. alíquotas de 0,1 mL foram semeadas em duplicata em ágarBrain Heart Infusion (BHI) e as placas incubadas a 37°C/48h. Após incubação, determinou-se o número de microrganismos presentes em ufc/mL. Resultados - Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram observadas entre os grupos (Mann-Whitney, p < 0,05), quanto ao número total de microrganismos viáveis. As escovas do Grupo 1 acumularam menor quantidade de microrganismos em comparação as escovas do Grupo 2. Conclusão - Os resultados sugerem que as crianças com necessidades especiais não realizavam a escovação, o que levou a um menor acúmulo de microrganismos nas escovas
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder , Equipment Contamination , Toothbrushing , Dental Care for Disabled , Dental Care for Children , Dental PlaqueABSTRACT
O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência das alterações sistêmicas de 61 prontuários de pacientes com Síndrome de Down, entre 0 a 30 anos, sem distinção racial, sexo e condições socioeconômicas, atendidos no Curso de Especialização em Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais da Abeno. As alterações sistêmicas encontradas com maior freqüência foram: distúrbio visual (55,74%), cardiopatia congênita (49,18%) e problemas do aparelho respiratório, representados pela pneumonia (40,99%) e bronquite (24,59%) ao lado de outras. Portanto, o cirurgião-dentista deve realizar anamnese direcionada e o paciente apresentando qualquer alteração sistêmica, procedimentos específicos deverão ser instituídos com o objetivo de realizar um tratamento odontológico adequado e seguro tanto preventivo quanto curativo e/ou reabilitador.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the systemic alteration in 61 patients' records with Down's syndrome, with ages between O to 30 years old, without race distinction, sex and economic-partner conditions. They were attended during the Specialization Course in Dentistry for Special Care Patients - Abeno Systemic alterations were found with high prevalence: visual disturbance (55,74%), congenital heart diseases (49,18%) and respiratory system problems which were represented by pneumonia (40,99%) and bronchitis (24,59%). In conclusion, the dentist should do a good questionnaire. If the patient has some systemic alteration, specific procedure will be established and an appropriate and safe dental treatment should be done.