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Objective @# To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Anhui province from 2018 to 2023 , and to explore the change rule of influenza etiology , so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of influenza. @*Methods @#Sentinel hospital surveillance data and network laboratory etiological surveillance data of influenza⁃like cases (ILI) in Anhui province from 2018 to 2023 were collected by " China influenza surveillance information system" , and the data were analyzed using Excel 2019 and SPSS 25. 0.@*Results @#From 2018 to 2023 , ILI% in Anhui province were 3. 74% , 4. 26% , 3. 53% , 4. 34% , 6. 80% , respectively. The positive rates of influenza virus were 14. 87% , 19. 98% , 0. 12% , 12. 39% and 24. 72% , respectively. There were significant differences in time distribution and age distribution of ILI% and influenza virus positive rates (P < 0. 001) . Influenza mainly occurred from December to March and from June to August in Anhui province. The positive rate of influenza virus detection was the highest among children under 15 years old , which was the main population of influenza cases. The outbreaks had mainly occurred in primary and secondary schools and childcare facilities.@*Conclusion@#There are two incidence peaks of influenza each year, one is in winter and spring , another one is in summer. From December to March , from June to August are the critical periods of influenza control and prevention. Children under 15 years old are the key groups and schools are the key places of influenza control and prevention. Continuous influenza surveillance can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in Anhui province.
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Objective @#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of hand，foot mouth disease (HFMD) in Anhui province from 2015 to 2022，and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control measures of HFMD．@*Methods @# The surveillance data of hand，foot and mouth disease in Anhui province from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Real-time PCR was used to detect and classify HFMD samples. @*Results @#A total of 650 590 HFMD cases were reported in Anhui province from 2015 to 2022，including 1 406 se- vere cases and 17 deaths．The annual reported incidence was 131. 45 /100 000．The epidemic features of“low incidence in odd years and high incidence in even years”were presented from 2015 to 2019．The incidence showed a continuous decline from 2020 to 2022．The monthly distribution showed the characteristics of bimodal epidemic，and the main peak was not obvious in 2020．Hefei，Fuyang，Bozhou，Chuzhou and Suzhou ranked the top five cities in terms of cumulative incidence．The age of onset was mainly distributed in children aged 5 years and below，accounting for 89. 26% of the total cases．The male to female ratio was 1. 48 ∶ 1．A total of 28 657 laboratory-confirmed cases had been reported from 2015 to 2022．EV71 cases accounted for 10. 57% ，Cox A16 cases accounted for 24. 90% ，and other enterovirus cases accounted for 64. 53%．The dominant pathogens showed dynamic changes in different years．Since 2018，the proportion of EV71 decreased significantly，and the proportion of other enteroviruses gradually increased to become the dominant pathogens．Among other enteroviruses，Cox A6 strain was dominant (80. 48% ) ．@*Conclusion @# This study suggests that the prevention and control of HFMD in Anhui province should be paid more attention from April to July and from October to December．The focus areas are the cities in northern Anhui and Hefei where the floating population is large．The focus of prevention and control is on children aged 5 years and below．Other enteroviruses have become the dominant pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease in Anhui province，Cox A6 strain is dominant.
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@#Objective To analyze genetic characteristics of hemagglutinin( HA) gene of H9N2 avian influenza viruses( AIVs) circulating in Anhui Province from 2013 to 2018． Methods All H9N2 positive samples tested by real－time polymerase chain reaction( PCＲ) were inoculated into specific patho- gen free ( SPF) chicken eggs for isolation and purification． Viral ＲNA was reversely transcribed into cD- NA and then amplified with gene specific primers． PCＲ products were sequenced and the gene sequences were analyzed using molecular and bioinformatics software． The DATAMONKEY online server was conducted to analyze selection pressure，and protein structure homology modelling was computed by the SWISS－MODEL server． Ｒesults 33 H9N2 AIVs isolated from live poultry markets belonged to h9．4．2．5 in the phylogenetic tree． The receptor binding sites of HA gene at 183，226 and 227 position were mutated into N，L and M，respectively． Meanwhile 189 and 190 sites presented with genetic polymorphism． Since 2015，all H9N2 viruses in this study carried 6 potential N－linked glycosylation sites． It was found that po- sition 160 of HA gene was subjected greater positive selection pressure，presented 7 spatial conformations at least． Conclusions The H9N2 viruses isolated from live poultry markets in Anhui Province possess the molecular characteristics of infecting mammals and the ability of antigenic drift，so we need to pay more attention to the genetic characteristics of the viruses．
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We analyzed epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the case of human infected with avian influenza (H5N6) in Anhui Province and provided evidences for drawing up the prevention and control measures.We did an epidemiolog ical investigation on the case,close contacts and infection source of the infected case;relevant specimens were collected and tested in laboratories.The data gathered were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method.The first case of human infected with avian influenza (H5N6) in Anhui was a single case and did not showed signs of human-to-human transmission.The early clinical manifestations and signs was lack of specificity.This case had definite contact with sick/dead poultry one week before the onset of the disease.Two environmental specimen of live poultry market which was the source of sick/dead poultry had been detected and the results were H5N6 positive.This case was a local infection case and contacting with sick/dead poultry was the source of infection,while there was no evidence of human to human transmission.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a public health risk assessment indexes for flood disaster.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Delphi method and expert consultation were used to establish the public health risk assessment index system and scoring criteria, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to obtain the weight of the indexes. Then, the established index system was applied to evaluate the public health risk of the flood disaster in Anhui province, 2016.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A public health risk assessment system consisting of 5 categories and 17 indexes was constructed. The assessment result of the flood disaster in Anhui province of 2016 showed that the public health risk score was 0.26, suggesting that "the health emergency measures were effective, and the public health risks were effectively controlled".</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The established indexes can effectively assess the health risk of flood disaster and also can provide the reference for other disaster assessment.</p>
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Disasters , Floods , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the pathogenic features of the influenza B virus strains circulating in Anhui province during 2017-2018 influenza surveillance year.@*Methods@#The antigenic characteristics of influenza B virus was analyzed with reference ferret anti-sera. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza B viruses isolated in Anhui during this period were obtained by Sanger dideoxy sequencing. Then the phylogenetic trees and amino acid mutations were analyzed respectively.@*Results@#During 2017-2018 influenza season, the activity of B Yamagata lineage virus were stronger than B Victoria lineage virus. Most of B Yamagata lineage viruses had close antigenic relation with the vaccine strain B/Phuket/3073/2013(93.3%), but D196 N substitution was detected on HA protein in all of Yamagata lineage viruses. All of B Victoria lineage viruses had close antigenic relation with the vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008(100%), meanwhile I117 V and N129D were found on HA protein. Phylogenetic analysis on B influenza viruses indicated that Yamagata clade 3 and Victoria clade 1A were predominant strains, however we found that two strains had intra-clade reassortants between HA and NA gene. The NA gene of all strains did not find a molecular mutation that was less sensitive to neuraminidase.@*Conclusions@#The WHO recommended influenza vaccine could protect from influenza B virus isolated from Anhui province. However, it is still necessary to pay close attention to its significant epitope variation in order to update the vaccine candidates in time.
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Due to adverse economic impact and social panic influences,live poultry market closure(LPM) as an effective control strategy of H7N9 influenza has become the focus of public repeatedly.So this paper reviewed transmission characteris tics of H7N9 influenza,impact of LMP on human H7N9 infection,and the effect of LMP on H7N9 influenza control.
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Objective To understand genomic characteristics of 2 strains of influenza A (H9N2) virus isolated from human infection cases in Anhui province in 2015.Methods Two human infection with H9N2 virus were confirmed by national influenza surveillance laboratory network in Anhui through viral isolation in April and September,2015,respectively.The full genomic sequences of the two viral isolates were analyzed in this study by using molecular bioinformatics software Mega 6.0.Results Human infection with H9N2 virus was first reported in Anhui province.The analysis of genomic sequence showed that the HA and NA genes of the two H9N2 isolates belonged to A/Chicken/ Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)-like lineage,and shared high identity with H9N2 virus circulating in poultry in 2013.The PB2 and MP genes belonged to the A/quail/Hong Kong/G 1/97-like lineage,and shared high homology with H7N9,H10N8 or H6N2 viruses.The amino acid sequence alignment results showed that several mutations for human infection tropism presented in the two virus strains,including Q226L,H183N and E190T in HA;S31N in M2;63-65 deletion in NA.In addition,the H9N2 influenza virus strains possessed the PSRSSR\GL motif in HA.Meanwhile several human-like signatures,including PA-100A,PA-356R and PA-409N were also found in the two virus strains.Conclusion The H9N2 viruses isolated from human infection cases in Anhui province belonged to a reassortant virus originated from different lineage H9N2 avian influenza virus.The virus has possessed several human susceptibility locus.
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Objective To understand genomic characteristics of 2 strains of influenza A (H9N2) virus isolated from human infection cases in Anhui province in 2015.Methods Two human infection with H9N2 virus were confirmed by national influenza surveillance laboratory network in Anhui through viral isolation in April and September,2015,respectively.The full genomic sequences of the two viral isolates were analyzed in this study by using molecular bioinformatics software Mega 6.0.Results Human infection with H9N2 virus was first reported in Anhui province.The analysis of genomic sequence showed that the HA and NA genes of the two H9N2 isolates belonged to A/Chicken/ Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)-like lineage,and shared high identity with H9N2 virus circulating in poultry in 2013.The PB2 and MP genes belonged to the A/quail/Hong Kong/G 1/97-like lineage,and shared high homology with H7N9,H10N8 or H6N2 viruses.The amino acid sequence alignment results showed that several mutations for human infection tropism presented in the two virus strains,including Q226L,H183N and E190T in HA;S31N in M2;63-65 deletion in NA.In addition,the H9N2 influenza virus strains possessed the PSRSSR\GL motif in HA.Meanwhile several human-like signatures,including PA-100A,PA-356R and PA-409N were also found in the two virus strains.Conclusion The H9N2 viruses isolated from human infection cases in Anhui province belonged to a reassortant virus originated from different lineage H9N2 avian influenza virus.The virus has possessed several human susceptibility locus.