ABSTRACT
John Cunningham virus infection is an important cause of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in the context of advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Limited data are available regarding the true incidence of PML as a presenting manifestation of HIV. We report one such case and also highlight the effective use of polymerase chain reaction in confirming its diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Histocytochemistry , Humans , JC Virus/genetics , JC Virus/isolation & purification , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/diagnosis , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Microscopy , Middle Aged , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Virology/methodsABSTRACT
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug, acts selectively through omega 1 receptors of GABAA. It is thought to be safer than benzodiazepines but we report a case of zolpidem drug abuse, dependence and withdrawal seizure.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Male , Panic Disorder/drug therapy , Pyridines/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Seizures/chemically induced , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/etiology , Substance-Related Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
Megalencephalic leukocncephalopathy is rare disorder seen in India in patient belonging to Agarwal community. Many of the patients may have a mild clinical course with gradual worsening of neurological disability. A case is being reported who was followed for 17 years and paradoxically showed radiological and clinical improvement.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Central Nervous System Cysts/complications , Electroencephalography , Follow-Up Studies , Gait/physiology , Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases/diagnosis , Humans , India , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Brainstem death and brain death although practically same with regards to the concept of organ donation, remain technically different. Brain death mandates irreversible cessation of all the functions of the entire brain and brainstem while brainstem death signifies irreversible damage to the brainstem. As per the Indian law, brainstem death is the legal requirement and not brain death.
Subject(s)
Brain Death/diagnosis , Brain Stem , Humans , India , Organ Transplantation/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Acromegaly/diagnosis , Adenoma/complications , Adult , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Pituitary Neoplasms/complicationsSubject(s)
Adult , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Facies , Humans , Lentigo , Male , Staphylococcal Infections , Stroke , SyndromeABSTRACT
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an uncommon cause of stroke. A 12 year old girl with this syndrome is reported who presented with thrombotic stroke and high titres of anticardiolipin (aCL) and lupus anticoagulant (LAC). The patient improved subsequently and was put on aspirin. The present report highlights the importance of screening for aCL and LAC in cases of stroke in young patients.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/blood , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/blood , Child , Female , Humans , Intracranial Embolism/blood , Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor/blood , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Thalamus/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Forty cases of diaphyseal fracture of humerus were treated by functional cast bracing (FCB). Results were compared with a series of 25 patients treated by U cast method. Average time taken for union was 7.5 weeks with a range of 5-14 weeks by FCB method. Fractures treated by U cast method took on an average 10 weeks to unite. Stiffness at shoulder and elbow was uniformly found in patients treated by U cast. More than 50% patients had varus angulation less than 5 degrees after treatment by FCB. Only 16% had varus angulation less than 5 degrees by U cast method while 32% had varus angulation more than 15 degrees. FCB is distinctly superior method of treatment for diaphyseal fracture of humerus.