Relationship between aseptic meningitis and MMR vaccination

Mumps is a predominant disease of young children recognized by fever and parotitis. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are the most frequent complications of the disease. Mumps live vaccine is available in many countries. In Iran routine 2 dose administration of MMR was launched in 2004. Vaccine produce a subclinical and noncommunicable infection but in part of Europes, Canada and Japan where different vaccines have been used, rates of vaccine-induced aseptic meningitis have been high. The purpose of this study is to survey the occurrence of Aseptic meningitis as an adverse effect of MMR vaccination and to determine its clinical and laborabry characteristics. In this prospective study during 2004-2005 cases of Aseptic meningitis who was admitted in Infection and neurology wards of Tabriz Pediatric Medical center were studied. Sex, age, clinical manifestations, lab data and duration between vaccination and appearance of symptoms were recorded and analyzed. In 44 cases of aseptic meningitis there was history of MMR vaccination within 30 days [average: 21.7 days]. Seventy five percent of patients were male. The mean age of patients was 31 months. 40.9% of cases were 13 months old. Febrile seizure [54.5%] and meningeal signs with parotid enlargement [29.5%] were the most clinical manifestation. The mean Total and lymphocyte cell count in cerebrospinal fluid were 674.43 and 550.2/mm[3], respectively. The mean glucose and protein levels were found to be 54.3 and 48.34 mg/dl, respectively. The results of our study shows the occurrence of aseptic meningitis after immunization with the MMR vaccine which is being used by the health services in our country. According to Presence of wild virus Strains within community and to rule out the role of other viruses, PCR is recommended despite of its complexity and limitations. This complication must be considered important and followed up precisely in spite of its complete cure without any Sequela, because all of these cases occurred within 30 days after vaccination

Review of infant botulism and report of one case

Infant Botulism, one of the three forms of human botulism results from Clostridium botulinum. Absorbed toxin causes flaccid paralysis. Disease produces a spectrum of clinical severity from mild to sudden infant death syndrome. The first sign is almost always constipation. Botulism is manifested clinically as a symmetric descending paralysis. The first signs of illness are found in cranial nerves, it is not possible to have infant botulism without having bulbar palsies. Diagnosis established by identification of organism in the feces. In ambiguous situation electrodiagnostic study is helpful. In this article we reviewed the Infant botulism and reported a 10 month case

[Antibiotic resistance pattern of staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients in Tabriz pediatric hospital [2003-2005]]

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. Because of increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance, treatment of staphylococcal infections has been made difficult. Therefore, continuous evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance pattern is of great importance. In this descriptive study, we evaluated 131 positive cultures of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood, abscess, urine and other body fluids in various wards of the pediatric hospital. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion test. Demographic data and the history of antibiotic therapy analyzed with t-test and qui-square test using SPSS version11.5. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics was as follow: vancomycin [98.4%], ceftriaxon [61.5%], amikacin [58.3%] ceftizoxim [52.8%], erythromycin [50%], cephalexin [48.3%] and Amoxicillin [2.6%]. Forty eight percent of all cases were due to nosocomial infections. The relation between nosocomial infections and the antibiotic resistance was statistically significant. Increased rate of resistance to cephalexin, erythromicin and amikacin in this study may be due to the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or the overuse of these antibiotics. Isolation of two cases of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus emphasizes on the appropriate use of this antibiotic. Evaluation of vancomycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus by the other standard methods is recommended