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Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is one of the most important therapeutic measures for coronary heart disease.It can quickly and effectively relieve coronary artery obstruction.Patients with coronary heart disease often suffer from the complication of emotional disorders like anxiety and depression.The incidence of anxiety and depression in patients having undergone PCI is significantly higher in those having not.But anxiety and depression can remarkably increase the major adverse cardiac events(MACE)in patients after PCI.This article reviews the associations,mechanisms and treatments of anxiety and depression after PCI.
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The influence of reward on behavior is one of the hottest research subjects in psychological research. Reward-induced motivation promotes the performance of the participants. In the field of emotional processing, the reward can influence the individual's processing of emotional information, but previous studies have not directly discussed the effect of reward on emotional regulation. The present study focused on whether emotional regulation ability would be improved under the reward condition. Experiment 1 and 2 investigated the effect of reward on negative emotional down-regulation and positive emotional up-regulation respectively. In experiment 1, monetary reward stimulation was introduced on the basis of the classic emotion regulation paradigm, and the subjects were asked to regulate their negative emotion under the condition of reward or non-reward, and evaluate their current affective state subsequently. Similar to experiment 1, experiment 2 required subjects to up-regulate positive emotions under the condition of reward or non-reward. The results of experiment 1 showed that under the reward condition, the negative emotional regulation effect was significantly higher than that under the non-reward condition (P < 0.05). Experiment 2 also showed that compared to non-reward condition, the positive emotion regulation effect was significantly increased under the reward condition (P < 0.05). These results suggested that compared to non-reward condition, participants can regulate their emotion better under the condition of the reward. It is worth noting that the results of Experiment 1 and 2 may be caused by the incentive motivation induced by monetary stimulus, or the positive emotion caused by positive value of money information. Therefore, we carried out experiment 3 and 4 to explore whether the positive emotions induced by money itself can influence the emotional regulation of individuals. In experiment 3, the money pictures were used to induce the positive emotions of subjects, and the subjects were asked to regulate their negative emotion after the presence of money pictures or non-monetary picture, and evaluate their current affective state subsequently. Similarly, experiment 4 required subjects to regulate their positive emotion after the presence of money pictures. The results of experiment 3 and 4 showed that there was no significant difference in the subjects' scores of emotional pleasantness after the presence of money pictures or non-monetary picture (P < 0.05). The results of experiment 3 and 4 excluded the possibility that the positive emotions induced by simple money stimulus pictures could improve individual's emotional regulation ability. To sum up, the improvement of individual's emotional regulation ability was indeed driven by reward motivation in this study, that is, the motivation induced by reward can effectively promote individual's emotional regulation ability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Emotions , Motivation , RewardABSTRACT
A series of novel conjugates with ursolic acid core and different chalcone ligands were synthesized via ursolic acid, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and aromatic aldehydes. All of the conjugates were confirmed by the application of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed for the target compounds in xylene-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The preliminary bioassay test demonstrated that these compounds had potent anti-inflammatory activities, and their activities were better than that of the parent ursolic acid. Among them, 1-en-3-oxoursolic acid-chalcone conjugates (6a-6g) exhibited higher activities than analogues 5a-5g and 7a-7g.
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Objective To investigate the related anatomical parameters of single-nostril transsphenoidal approach in adults.Methods Two hundred and ninty-four adults,performed head-neck CTA in our hospital from October 2011 to January 2012,were prospectively collected; and their CT data were collected,and the following anatomical parameters were measured through the multi-planar reconstruction of the CTA images:the angle of sella lowest point-anterior nasal spine root-the bottom of nasal cavity (∠ 1),the angle of the connection of Maxillary central incisors bottom to auditory canal crossing with the bottom of nasal cavity(∠ 2),the angle of tuberculum sellae-anterior nasal spine root-the bottom of nasal cavity(∠3),the angle ofdorsum sellae-anterior nasal spine root-the bottom of nasal cavity (∠4),and the angles of right / left sphenoid sinus mouth-maxillary ridge-the bottom of nasal cavity(∠5 / ∠6).Results ∠1(29.7±3.1°),∠2(29.5±3.1°),∠3(33.6±3.8°),∠4(28.8±3.6°),∠5(33.9±4.2°) and ∠6(33.6±4.5°) were calculated; significant differences were noted between each two angles (P＜0.05); ∠ 1 and ∠2 had a positive linear correlation (r=0.78,P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative multi-planar reconstruction images of CT facilitates safe opening of the anterior wall of spheniodal sinus and the sellar floor,and the operative position refers to the orientation that the virtual plane of Maxillary central incisors bottom to bilateral auditory canal erects the ground.
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Objective To investigate the role of preoperative image information in tumor resection degrees,surgical complications and mortality of patients with meningiomas.Methods One hundred and seventy-two patients with meningiomas,admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to June 2011,were chosen in our study; the complete image informations,including tumor location,tumor size,nerves and vessels wraping around tumor or tumor wraping around nerves and vessels,tumor invasiveness,tumor margin,tumor shape,degrees of tumor enhancement and peritumoral brain edema,were retrospectively analyzed; univariate factor Chi-square test was performed to analyze the factors influencing the extent of tumor resection,surgical complications and death.Binary logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to analyze statistical significance of the factors.Results Tumor location,tumor size,tumor invasiveness,tumor shape and tumor margin were the five independent risk factors of tumor residual,and tumor invasiveness was the primary risk factor.Tumor location,tumor size,nerves and vessels wraping around tumor or tumor wraping around nerves and vessels,and degrees of tumor enhancement were the four independent risk factors of surgical complications,and tumor location was the primary risk factor.Tumor location and tumor size were two independent risk factors of morbidity,and tumor location was the primary risk factor of mortality.Conclusion Preoperative image information of meningioma,especially the four primary factors (tumor location,tumor size,tumor invasiveness,and nerves and vessels wraping around tumor or tumor wraping around nerves and vessels),may objectively and accurately to estimate and evaluate meningioma resection degree,surgicalcomplications and mortality.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of biological characteristics on HCV/HIV co-infection, including HIV-1 sequence distance, HIV-1 viral load and CD4+ count.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV-1 sequence distance was calculated by Clustal W and Phylip software while HIV-1 viral load being tested by NASBA and CD4+ count was tested using Epics XL of Coulter. Significance was determined by t-test using SPSS 12.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean HIV-1 genetic distances were 7.95% and 15.73% (P < 0.001) between those with HCV co-infection and those without. Their mean HIV-1 viral loads were 4.61 and 4.45 (P = 0.522) and their mean CD4I T counts were 308 and 251 (P = 0.161), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Data showed that in the study group, the HIV/HCV co-infection had an influence on the HIV sequence distance, but did not have major impact on HIV-1 viral load and their mean CD4+ T count.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Donors , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , China , Epidemiology , HIV Infections , Epidemiology , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , HIV-1 , Classification , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Hepatitis C , Epidemiology , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , PhylogenyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Minimally invasive surgery in skull base relying on searching for possible anatomic basis for endoscopic technology is controversial. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial relationships between main blood vessels and nerves in the cerebellopontine angle area and provide anatomic basis for lateral and posterior skull base minimally invasive surgery via endoscopic retrosigmoid keyhole approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted on thirty dried adult skulls to measure the spatial relationships among the surface bony marks of posterior cranial fossa, and to locate the most appropriate drilling area for retrosigmoid keyhole approach. In addition, we used 10 formaldehyde-fixed adult cadaver specimens for simulating endoscopic retrosigmoid approach to determine the visible scope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The midpoint between the mastoid tip and the asterion was the best drilling point for retrosigmoid approach. A hole centered on this point with the 2.0 cm in diameter was suitable for exposing the related structures in the cerebellopontine angle. Retrosigmoid keyhole approach can decrease the pressure on the cerebellum and expose the related structures effectively which include facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and labyrinthine artery, etc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Exact location on endoscope retrosigmoid approach can avoid dragging cerebellum during the minimally invasive surgery. The application of retrosigmoid keyhole approach will extend the application of endoscopic technology.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cerebellopontine Angle , General Surgery , Endoscopes , Minimally Invasive Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the stability of hearing results and complications in long-term following-up who underwent reconstruction surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six hundreds and seventy five cases (700 ears) of congenital aural atresia were reviewed from January 1984 to January 2001 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongren hospital. Except 40 ears undone hearing reconstruction, 635 cases (660 ears) underwent long-term following-up for 3 to 19 years, with an average of 7.9 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Stenosis and recurrent infection of the external auditory canal (EAC) were the most frequent complications. Stenosis was seen in 120 ears, and 2 ears re-atresia, with an incidence of 18.48% (122/660). Recurrent infection of the cavity and canal skin happened in 6 ears. Closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) post-operation were gained in all cases, and ABG gains 20 dB or more occurred in 512 ears (77.57%), but 30 dB or more in 231 ears (35%). Following-up results: Stable hearing results gained in 450 ears over the length of following-up; the hearing worsened than that of 3 weeks postoperatively occurred in 160 ears, including 2 ears with sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing deteriorated more than 20 dB happened in 35 ears, and 10-15 dB in others cases but still be improved compared with that of preoperation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Atresiaplasty surgery in individuals with congenital aural atresia can yield reliable, lasting hearing results in 68.2% (450/660), with a low incidence of complications; the initial improved hearing deteriorated gradually over the first 6 months post-operation, which are related with the stenosis and infection of canal. Cavity adhesion, bony EAC re-growth, ossicular chain re-fixation or displace may affect the hearing results in some cases. Even unilateral aural atresia may benefit from the reconstruction surgery and achieve serviceable hearing results.</p>