ABSTRACT
A total of 41 isolates were obtained from various samples (soil, mud, and water) of Surajkund hot spring, Jharkhand, atthree different isolation temperatures of 50C, 60C, and 70C. However, our interest was in the thermophilic strains thatwere isolated at 60C and 70C. Four isolates at 70C (BITSNS038, BITSNS039, BITSNS040, BITSNS041) are theproducers of thermozymes, namely amylase, xylanase, and cellulase, respectively. The highlights of the present study alsoshowed that three out of four isolates demonstrated all three enzymatic activities, i.e. amylolytic, xylanolytic and cellulolytic on agar plate assay conditions at 70C. One of the isolates, BITSNS038, was further chosen for phenotypiccharacterization as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and was affiliated to Geobacillus icigianus. The presence ofGeobacillus icigianus was reported first time from hot spring, Surajkund, which showed amylolytic index of 1.58,xylanolytic index of 1.5 and cellulolytic index of 2.3 based on plate assay, and amylase activity of 0.81 U/mL, xylanaseactivity of 0.72 U/mL and very less cellulase activity of 0.15 U/mL after 24 h of growth in submerged conditions. Oneisolate at 60C BITSNS024 was found to exhibit maximum amylase activity with an enzymatic index value of 3.5 and wasidentified as Anoxybacillus gonensis.
ABSTRACT
Gallstone is one of the major gastrointestinal problems. There are many factors which leads to gallstone formation, like age, sex, obesity etc. Many factors are still under study. In our study we have tried to analyse our data of gallstone patients with the factors which have already been studied in past elsewhere but not in Jharkhand. In a data survey in Jharkhand region of India, we have tried to study different risk factors of gallstone formation. It was analysed that cholesterol rich diet especially nonvegetarian consumption (68% of patients were nonvegetarian) and age are the major influencing factors. Gallstones are found more frequently in women than men. The ratio of male to female gallstone patients is about 1: 3. It was seen that 72.6% of the cases were in the age of 21-50. This means that with growing age incidence of gallstone increases. In our study we found out that genetics, diabetes and smoking are not much related to gallstone formation.