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Objective To observe the expression of Protein Kinase C Delta (PKCδ) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the liver of arsenic poisoning rats induced by coal-burning,and explore their roles.Methods According to body weight (80-100 g),thirty Wistar rats (half male half female) were divided into five groups of 6 each using random number table method,the control group,and drinking arsenic,low,medium and high arsenic contaminated grain groups.The control group was fed normally for 3 months;drinking arsenic,low,medium and high arsenic contaminated grain groups were fed respectively with 100 mg/L As2O3 solution and different concentrations of arsenic-containing feed (25,50 and 100 mg/kg).At the end of the experiment period,non-anticoagulant whole blood 2 ml from peripheral vein was collected.Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents,activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were detected.After sacrificing the animals,the liver was separated and then diacylglycerol (DAG) contents,mRNA and protein expressions of PKCδ and Nrf2 were determined,and the correlation was analyzed by Pearson.Results There were significant differences in serum MDA contents,SOD1 and GPx activities among groups (F =26.441,3.327,120.645,P ＜ 0.05).The serum MDA contents in arsenic-exposed groups were higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).However,activities of SOD1 and GPx1 were lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in liver DAG contents,Nrf2 mRNA expression levels among groups (F =8.237,8.656,P ＜ 0.05).DAG contents in the liver tissues of the drinking arsenic,low,medium and high arsenic contaminated grain groups were respectively (2.67 ± 0.25),(2.36 ± 0.19),(2.54 ± 0.22) and (2.69 ± 0.32) μg/L,which were significantly higher than that in the control group [(2.05 ± 0.24) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The expression levels of Nrf2 mRNA in liver tissue were respectively 1.16 ± 0.09,1.09 ± 1.20,1.14 ± 0.15 and 1.27 ± 0.16,which were higher than that in the control group (0.94 ± 0.08,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the expression of pPKCδ protein in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of liver tissue between groups (F =15.925,6.699,P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression levels of pPKCδ in the cell membrane of liver tissue were 0.49 ± 0.06,0.33 ± 0.05,0.37 ± 0.06 and 0.50 ± 0.08,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in the control group (0.28 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression levels of pPKCδ in the cytoplasm were 0.38 ± 0.06,0.31 ± 0.05,0.35 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.05,respectively,which were higher than that in the control group (0.24 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the expression of Nrf2 and pNrf2 in cytoplasm and nucleus of liver tissues among groups (F =9.024,9.709,10.396,25.532,P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression levels of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm were respectively 0.76 ± 0.09,0.58 ± 0.07,0.64 ± 0.09 and 0.73 ± 0.07,which were higher than that of the control group (0.52 ± 0.08,P ＜ 0.05),except the low arsenic contaminated grain group.The protein expression levels of pNrf2 in the cytoplasm were respectively 0.50 ± 0.07,0.43 ± 0.06,0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.54 ± 0.07,which were higher than that in the control group (0.32 ± 0.06,P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus were respectively 0.44 ± 0.07,0.41 ± 0.06,0.47 ± 0.06 and 0.54 ± 0.09,which were higher than that in the control group (0.30 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression levels of pNrf2 in the nucleus were respectively 0.35 ± 0.04,0.29 ± 0.04,0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.43 ± 0.06,which were higher than that in the control group (0.20 ± 0.03,P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that DAG contents and the protein expression of pPKCδ in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm were positively correlated (r =0.663,0.604,P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the protein expression of pPKCδ in the cell membrane and pNrf2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus were also positively correlated (r =0.642,0.670,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Arsenic could induce oxidative stress liver injury,and upregulate the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2.Moreover,arsenic could also increase the protein expression of pPKCδ and DAG content,and then promote pPKCδ membrane transposition,phosphorylate Nrf2,and induce its nuclear transposition,which could regulate oxidative stress reaction.
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Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ( CEUS ) breast predictive model in the optimization of BI-RADS classification of breast lesions . Methods A total of 1049 BI-RADS 4 ,5 breast lesions were obtained from 1039 patients in 8 centers . CEUS examination was performed prior to biopsy or surgery . According to the classification of the model ,class 3 ,4A ,4B and 4C were selected as biopsy thresholds ,and the ROC curve was drawn . The diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity , accuracy ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and Jordanian index were calculated for the biopsy threshold . The biopsy rate of breast lesions before and after angiography ,cancer detection rate , follow-up cases of malignant risk were compared . Results There were benign lesions 586 ( 55 .9％ ) , malignant lesions 463 (44 .1％ ) in the 1049 breast lesions . The area of ROC with thresholds of 3 ,4A ,4B and 4C were 0 .695 ,0 .838 ,0 .847 and 0 .757 ,respectively ( all P < 0 .01) . Ultrasonography had a certain diagnostic effect on benign and malignant breast lesions . The diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,accuracy , positive predictive value and negative predictive value with class 4A after CEUS set as the biopsy threshold were 93 .32％ ,75 .65％ ,82 .75％ ,75 .57％ and 93 .35％ ,respectively ,and the Jordanian index was 0 .690 . When chass 3 after CEUS was set as the biopsy threshold ,the biopsy rate was reduced from 100％ to 76 .74％ ,the detection rate was increased from 44 .23％ to 56 .77％ ,and the risk of cancer was only 0 .67％ in the follow-up cases . When class 4A was set as the biopsy threshold ,the biopsy rate was reduced from 100％ to 55 .58％ after CEUS . The detection rate of cancer increased from 44 .23％ to 74 .44％ . The risk of cancer was 2 .96％ . Conclusions The biopsy rate of breast lesions in category 4 and 5 would be reduced and cancer detection rate of them would be increased after CEUS ,however ,the risk of malignancy in the follow -up cases would be controlled as low as category 3 and 4A in previous BI-RADS . Thus ,CEUS has a good prospect of in optimizing BI-RADS and reducing biopsy rate in unnecessary lesions .
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Objective To explore the consistency of different physicians in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions with breast CEUS predictive model.Methods Totally 953 patients with solitary breast nodule from multicenter who underwent ultrasound and CEUS were collected.The research team was composed by the initial group (one junior physician from each hospital),check group (one or two physicians who had at least two-year experience of CEUS examination from each hospital),research group (two senior physicians from Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital) and cross-blinded group (one or two vice directors or chief physicians from each hospital).At first,the lesions were classified according to the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI RADS) by the initial group and the check group,then new BI RADS classifications were performed by research group and cross blind group with breast CEUS predictive model.The consistency of different physicians in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions was analyzed.Results Among 953 patients,benign lesions were found in 451 patients (451/953,47.32％),malignant lesions were found in 435 patients (435/953,45.65％),and precancerous lesions were found in 67 patients (67/953,7.03％).The accuracy of the initial group,check group,research group and cross-blinded group was 71.67％(683/953),74.92％(714/953),80.17％ (764/953) and 83.42 ％ (795/953),respectively.The consistency of different physicians for diagnosis of malignant breast lesions between initial group and check group was good (Kappa =0.82,P＜0.001),while between initial group and crossblinded group,initial group and research group were both moderate (Kappa =0.56,0.41;all P＜0.001).The consistency of different physicians for diagnosis of malignant breast lesions between cheek group and cross-blinded group,between check group and research group were both moderate (Kappa =0.68,0.51;all P＜0.001).The consistency between research group and cross-blinded group with breast CEUS predictive model was moderate (Kappa =0.74,P＜ 0.001).Conclusion The consistency of different physicians in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions with breast CEUS predictive model was moderate.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in breast precancerous lesions . Methods Retrospectively analyzed the contrast-enhanced ultrasound model and angiographic predictive model of 465 cases of the A prospective multicenter study of breast nodules contrast-enhanced ultrasound" that led the Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2016 to April 2017 ,which included 69 cases of breast precancerous lesions and 396 other types benign lesions ,and the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of breast precancerous lesions were calculated . Results The sensitivity of ultrasound predictive model for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions was 60 .9％ and AUC was 0 .681 . Precancerous lesions mainly showed non-concentricity , increased homogeneity , and increased lesions;other types of benign lesions mainly showed non-centripetal ,high uniformity enhancement and lesion size unchanged . Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound shows a potential value in the differential diagnosis of precancerous lesions and other types of benign lesions ,that can help clinicians to take early intervention measures for breast precancerous lesions ,but there are still many problems to be solved .
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The spices, with a wide range of remarkable pharmacological effects, were limited in developing clinical drugs because of their poor solubility, high irritation and low bioavailability. Controlled release preparations can delay the release of drugs on the basis of solubility enhancement to improve bioavailability. The research on spice ingredient-loaded controlled release preparations was sum-marized in the paper for the further development of spice active ingredients.
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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of gallstones and chronic cholecystitis.A patient with gallstone was admitted to the 88th Hospital of PLA in August 2012 and received laparoscopic cholecystectomy.She had bile leakage after operation,and had to accept reoperation.Pancreaticobiliary maljunction and aberrant duct upon gallbladder bed were found postoperatively by T-tube cholangiography and pancreatic amylase test in the bile,which led to a complicated treatment and a tortuous recovery.This article analyzed the treatment process for this disease and explore the proper diagnosis and treatment.
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@#目的探讨980nm半导体激光经皮椎间盘减压术(PLDD)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法286例患者局麻后在C型臂X射线机透视下确定病变椎间盘平面,以每个椎间盘600～800J激光能量行PLDD。参照Choy评分法评价疗效。结果经1年以上随访,0～2分者(优)188例(65.8%),;3～5分者(良)41例(4.1%),6～10分者57例(20%);无椎间盘炎及其他并发症发生。结论PLDD能有效缓解椎间盘源性疼痛。